INTRODUCTION: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is a disease that affects the middle-aged adults and accounts for 4% of cancers of the gastrointestinal tract below. In the general population the incidence is 1 in 100,000, and among men who have sex with men the incidence is 35 per 100,000 inhabitants, those with HIV have doubled this risk (70 per 100,000 inhabitants). METHODS: Was performed literature review in consultation with periodic Medline / Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo crossing Trackingm, Precancerous conditions, Anus neoplasms and HIV descriptors. Besides the review,was added to this work the authors'personal experiences, and obtained at the Department of Gastroenterology - Surgical Division, in ICESP - Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira, in Department of Diseases Infectious - House of AIDS and in the Department of Coloproctology, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: HIV + is a major risk factor in developing squamous cell carcinoma anal in individuals infected with HPV. The evaluation of these patients should not restrict itself to the eradication of warts, but mainly include the screening of subclinical dysplastic lesions potentially neoplastic. Despite the screening methods are still not ideal, the great benefit of screening is based on the fact offer closely monitored, making possible the prevention or detection of increasingly early anal squamous cell carcinoma.
Tracking; Premalignant lesions; Anus neoplasms; HIV