INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study is to review the prevalence and the main physiopathologic mechanisms that result in gallstone formation in transplant patients. METHODS: Literature review with 29 papers included in Medline/Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs database, crossing key-words "transplantation; kidney transplantation; liver transplantation; gallstone; cholecystitis". Several ultrasonographic studies have demonstrated an increase in gallstone prevalence in transplant patients. The formation rate of new stones after transplantation varied from 10 to 55% and the rate of total stones (stone formed before and after transplantation) varied from 17 to 68%. Both weight gain and rapid weight loss that may occur after transplantation predispose to gallstone formation. Cyclosporine is considered the most important factor in the development of gallstone after transplantation. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of gallstones is higher in transplant patients. The main risk factors are change in body weight, use of immunosuppressors, diabetes mellitus, and hiperlipidemia.
Transplantation; Kidney transplantation; Liver transplantation; Gallstone; Cholecystitis
