Update on parasitic dermatoses<sup>,</sup>

These are cutaneous diseases caused by insects, worms, protozoa, or coelenterates which may or may not have a parasitic life. In this review the main ethological agents, clinical aspects, laboratory exams, and treatments of these dermatological diseases will be studied.

KEYWORDS
Drug therapy; Larva migrans; Lice infestations; Myiasis; Onchocerciasis; Scabies; Skin diseases, parasitic; Tungiasis

Authorship

Alberto Eduardo Cox Cardoso

Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de AlagoasBrazilMaceió, AL, BrazilProfessor Alberto Antunes University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1162-9130

Alberto Eduardo Oiticica Cardoso ^** Corresponding author. E-mail:albertooiticica@gmail.com (A.E.O. Cardoso).

Department of Dermatology, Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de AlagoasBrazilMaceió, AL, BrazilDepartment of Dermatology, Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-1052

Carolina Talhari

Graduate Program of the Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, BrazilUniversidade do Estado do AmazonasBrazilManaus, AM, BrazilGraduate Program of the Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil

Department of Teaching and Research, Fundação Alfredo da Matta de Dermatologia, Manaus, AM, BrazilFundação Alfredo da Matta de DermatologiaBrazilManaus, AM, BrazilDepartment of Teaching and Research, Fundação Alfredo da Matta de Dermatologia, Manaus, AM, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2283-069X

Monica Santos

Department of Dermatology, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Tropical Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, Fundação Alfredo da Matta de Dermatologia, Manaus, AM, BrazilFundação Alfredo da Matta de DermatologiaBrazilManaus, AM, BrazilDepartment of Dermatology, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Tropical Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, Fundação Alfredo da Matta de Dermatologia, Manaus, AM, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0578-3270

* Corresponding author. E-mail:albertooiticica@gmail.com (A.E.O. Cardoso).

Authors’ contributions

Alberto Eduardo Cox Cardoso: Approval of the final version of the manuscript; conception and planning of the study; elaboration and writing of the manuscript; critical review of the literature; critical review of the manuscript.

Alberto Eduardo Oiticica Cardoso: Approval of the final version of the manuscript; conception and planning of the study; critical review of the manuscript; critical review of the manuscript.

Carolina Talhari: Approval of the final version of the manuscript; conception and planning of the study; elaboration and writing of the manuscript; critical review of the literature; critical review of the manuscript.

Monica Santos: Approval of the final version of the manuscript; conception and planning of the study; elaboration and writing of the manuscript; critical review of the literature; critical review of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

None declared.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (12)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1
Nodular scabies - intense pruritus and erythematous papular nodular lesions.

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Figure 2
Crusted scabies. Intense, constant pruritus and generalized erythematous, squamous lesions. HTLV+ patient. Personl archive: Dr. Paulo Roberto Machado.

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Figure 3
Sarcoptes scabiei. Dermoscopy. At the lower end, a “hang glider”-shaped dark spot, corresponding to the anterior segment of the mite.

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Figure 4
(A) Pediculus capitis on the scalp (Photo courtesy of Dr. Daniel França). (B) Nits, attached to the hair.

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Figure 5
(A) Tungiasis - typical aspect. Isolated lesion. Note a pustule, in regression, with central crusted area. (B, C) Tungiasis. Multiple lesions, isolated and confluent.

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Figure 6
Bedbug dermatitis. Multiple, characteristic linear erythematous papular lesions located in the abdomen.

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Figure 7
Furunculoid myiasis. Ulcero-nodular lesion and etiological agent (Dermatobia hominis).

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Figure 8
(A) Larva migrans. Intense pruritus. Typical serpiginous lesion with linear aspect. (B) Larva migrans. Numerous lesions caused by multiple larvae.

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Figure 9
Lyme disease. Plaque presenting centrifugal growth, with erythematous-violet borders, measuring approximately 18 cm, located on the posterior surface of the thigh.

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Figure 10
Onchocerciasis. Intense pruritus, presence of lichenification, exulcerations, and hyperpigmentation. Patient from the Infectious Disease Clinic, Ibadan, Nigeria (personal archive: Prof. Dr. Sinésio Talhari).

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Figure 11
A. Onchocerciasis. Presence of atrophy, common in patients with long course. Native Brazilian from the Yanomami tribe (personal archive: Prof. Dr. Sinésio Talhari). B. Onchocerciasis. Observe the classic aspect of the “hanging groin” due to long evolution. There is also scrotum elongation (secondary to cutaneous atrophy), and there are nodules in the iliac crest and left groin - probably onchocercomas. Native Brazilian from the Yanomami tribe (personal archive: Prof. Dr. Sinésio Talhari).

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Figure 12
Onchocerciasis. Observe two microfilariae (Onchocerca volvulus). Direct examination in saline solution. 40× magnification (personal archive: Prof. Dr. Sinésio Talhari).

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Answers: Actinic keratoses: review of clinical, dermatoscopic, andtherapeutic aspects. An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94(6):637-657. 1. b 3. d 5. a 7. b 9. a 2. c 4. b 6. c 8. b 10. c

Figure 1 Nodular scabies - intense pruritus and erythematous papular nodular lesions.

Figure 2 Crusted scabies. Intense, constant pruritus and generalized erythematous, squamous lesions. HTLV+ patient. Personl archive: Dr. Paulo Roberto Machado.

Figure 3 Sarcoptes scabiei. Dermoscopy. At the lower end, a “hang glider”-shaped dark spot, corresponding to the anterior segment of the mite.

Figure 4 (A) Pediculus capitis on the scalp (Photo courtesy of Dr. Daniel França). (B) Nits, attached to the hair.

Figure 5 (A) Tungiasis - typical aspect. Isolated lesion. Note a pustule, in regression, with central crusted area. (B, C) Tungiasis. Multiple lesions, isolated and confluent.

Figure 6 Bedbug dermatitis. Multiple, characteristic linear erythematous papular lesions located in the abdomen.

Figure 7 Furunculoid myiasis. Ulcero-nodular lesion and etiological agent (Dermatobia hominis).

Figure 8 (A) Larva migrans. Intense pruritus. Typical serpiginous lesion with linear aspect. (B) Larva migrans. Numerous lesions caused by multiple larvae.

Figure 9 Lyme disease. Plaque presenting centrifugal growth, with erythematous-violet borders, measuring approximately 18 cm, located on the posterior surface of the thigh.

Figure 10 Onchocerciasis. Intense pruritus, presence of lichenification, exulcerations, and hyperpigmentation. Patient from the Infectious Disease Clinic, Ibadan, Nigeria (personal archive: Prof. Dr. Sinésio Talhari).

Figure 11 A. Onchocerciasis. Presence of atrophy, common in patients with long course. Native Brazilian from the Yanomami tribe (personal archive: Prof. Dr. Sinésio Talhari). B. Onchocerciasis. Observe the classic aspect of the “hanging groin” due to long evolution. There is also scrotum elongation (secondary to cutaneous atrophy), and there are nodules in the iliac crest and left groin - probably onchocercomas. Native Brazilian from the Yanomami tribe (personal archive: Prof. Dr. Sinésio Talhari).

Figure 12 Onchocerciasis. Observe two microfilariae (Onchocerca volvulus). Direct examination in saline solution. 40× magnification (personal archive: Prof. Dr. Sinésio Talhari).

Answers: Actinic keratoses: review of clinical, dermatoscopic, andtherapeutic aspects. An Bras Dermatol. 2019;94(6):637-657.
1. b	3. d	5. a	7. b	9. a
2. c	4. b	6. c	8. b	10. c

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:albertooiticica@gmail.com (A.E.O. Cardoso).