Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of plant-based feedstuffs and phytase supplementation in broiler chicken diets

Barros, V.R.S.M.; Albino, L.F.T.; Dalólio, F.S.; Brumano, G.; Tavernari, F.C.; Calderano, A.A.; Rostagno, H.S.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12181

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Animal Science and Technology and Inspection of Animal Products • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 74 (01) • Jan-Feb 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12181 copy

Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of plant-based feedstuffs and phytase supplementation in broiler chicken diets

[Digestibilidade ileal estandardizada de aminoácidos de alimentos de origem vegetal e suplementação de fitase em dietas para frangos de corte]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective was to determine the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) in soybean meal (SBM), corn + SBM, wheat + SBM and a protein free diet (PFD) associated with phytase. A total of 672 Cobb 500 (493±10g) male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with twelve treatments (PFD, PFD + SBM, PFD + corn + SBM and PFD + wheat + SBM, supplemented with 0, 500 and 1000 FTU), eight replicates and seven birds per cage from 14 to 23 days. Phytase supplementation at 500 FTU increased the SIAAD of methionine in SBM (P<0.05) and threonine in corn + SBM (P<0.05). There was no significant effect (P>0.05) for the SIAAD of methionine, arginine and histidine in wheat + SBM as the phytase supplementation. However, the SIAAD of lysine, threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine, cystine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, serine and tyrosine differed (P<0.05). In general, the SIAAD for SBM, corn + SBM and wheat + SBM are 90.32, 88.65 and 83.97% (0 FTU); 91.31, 88.81 and 88.36% (500 FTU); and 91.36, 87.09 and 87.87% (1000 FTU). In conclusion, the efficacy of phytase for improve the SIAAD vary according to the feedstuff and level of supplementation.

Keywords:
amino acids; broilers; digestibility; phytase; phosphorus

Amino acid	Soybean meal	Corn	Wheat
Lysine	2.82	0.23	0.29
Threonine	1.83	0.30	0.31
Methionine	0.64	0.17	0.17
Cystine	0.52	0.14	0.20
Alanine	2.00	0.67	0.38
Arginine	3.32	0.36	0.49
Aspartic acid	5.11	0.54	0.52
Glutamic acid	8.47	1.66	3.45
Glycine	1.91	0.31	0.46
Histidine	1.20	0.25	0.25
Isoleucine	2.04	0.29	0.37
Leucine	3.49	1.08	0.73
Phenylalanine	2.41	0.45	0.51
Serine	2.34	0.41	0.50
Tyrosine	1.79	0.29	0.30
Valine	2.14	0.41	0.46
Protein	44.97	8.22	11.07
Total amino acids	43.19	7.86	9.77

Protein free diet (PFD)	PFD + 0 FTU	PFD + 500 FTU	PFD + 1000 FTU
Sugar	5.000	5.000	5.000
Soybean oil	5.000	5.000	5.000
Dicalcium phosphate	2.100	1.397	1.186
Limestone	1.000	1.077	1.100
Salt	0.450	0.450	0.450
Corn cob	4.000	4.000	4.000
Mineral supplement¹	0.110	0.110	0.110
Vitamin supplement²	0.110	0.110	0.110
Choline chloride (60%)	0.200	0.200	0.200
BHT³	0.010	0.010	0.010
Acid-insoluble ash (Celite^TM)	1.000	1.000	1.000
Phytase⁴	0.000	0.009	0.018
Starch	81.020	81.637	81.825
Total	100.000	100.000	100.000

Amino acids	Protein-free-diet			P Value	² CV (%)
Phytase¹	0 FTU	500 FTU	1000 FTU
Lysine	0.018	0.025	0.024	0.237	18.60
Threonine	0.045	0.057	0.053	0.304	15.50
Methionine	0.010	0.018	0.016	0.137	25.28
Cystine	0.013	0.017	0.015	1.000	27.00
Alanine	0.024	0.042	0.041	0.224	33.55
Arginine	0.026	0.044	0.048	0.167	29.94
Aspartic acid	0.050	0.063	0.068	0.097	13.02
Glutamic acid	0.055	0.071	0.071	0.255	16.94
Glycine	0.027	0.034	0.035	0.194	14.99
Histidine	0.010	0.013	0.015	0.122	15.96
Isoleucine	0.021	0.027	0.026	0.216	15.67
Leucine	0.033	0.043	0.041	0.221	15.11
Phenylalanine	0.021	0.026	0.024	0.261	14.11
Serine	0.036	0.045	0.041	0.365	15.71
Tyrosine	0.018	0.023	0.020	0.344	16.70
Valine	0.028	0.035	0.035	0.271	16.17
Protein	0.804	0.869	0.812	0.999	17.71
Total amino acids	0.459	0.618	0.603	0.184	16.96

Amino acids	Soybean meal			P value	CV%²
Phytase¹	0 FTU	500 FTU	1000 FTU
Lysine	92.09	92.98	92.75	0.157	1.22
Threonine	88.07	88.24	88.16	0.108	1.61
Methionine	92.68 B	97.34 A	97.99 A	0.032	2.39
Cystine	83.25	85.19	85.50	0.114	3.31
Alanine	89.87	91.08	91.46	0.500	2.16
Arginine	92.70	93.82	94.15	0.618	2.49
Aspartic acid	89.42	89.49	89.58	0.204	2.27
Glutamic acid	93.09	93.46	93.44	0.103	1.98
Glycine	86.73	86.99	86.84	0.104	1.99
Histidine	90.90	93.13	92.97	0.114	1.92
Isoleucine	90.65	91.27	91.55	0.130	1.26
Leucine	91.36	91.45	91.47	0.191	1.18
Phenylalanine	92.06	92.44	92.74	0.181	1.16
Serine	89.82	90.35	89.87	0.211	1.48
Tyrosine	91.71	93.00	92.47	0.081	1.31
Valine	90.70	90.80	90.86	0.141	1.46
Mean amino acids	90.32	91.31	91.36	0.073	3.01
Protein	90.27	90.29	90.43	0.151	1.37

Amino acids	Corn + Soybean meal			P value	CV%²
Phytase¹	0 FTU	500 FTU	1000 FTU
Lysine	89.91	89.80	88.39	0.580	1.22
Threonine	84.83B	87.58A	84.96B	0.019	1.61
Methionine	92.66	91.50	90.73	0.318	2.39
Cystine	82.75	82.49	80.32	0.114	3.31
Alanine	89.10	88.28	87.66	0.500	2.16
Arginine	89.92	91.20	90.23	0.618	2.49
Aspartic acid	86.73A	87.31A	84.01B	0.020	2.27
Glutamic acid	91.28A	91.69A	90.01B	0.041	1.98
Glycine	84.55A	84.99A	82.24B	0.036	1.99
Histidine	90.22	90.39	88.80	0.114	1.92
Isoleucine	89.05AB	88.57AB	87.28B	0.012	1.26
Leucine	90.37A	89.96A	88.67B	0.023	1.18
Phenylalanine	90.52A	90.90A	89.01B	0.017	1.16
Serine	87.39AB	88.15AB	85.92B	0.008	1.48
Tyrosine	90.57A	90.22A	88.83B	0.019	1.31
Valine	88.50A	87.96A	86.40B	0.006	1.46
Mean amino acids	88.65	88.81	87.09	0.124	2.98
Protein	88.49A	89.25A	86.44B	0.005	1.37

Amino acids	Wheat + soybean meal			P value	CV (%)²
Phytase¹	0 FTU	500 FTU	1000 FTU
Lysine	84.78B	88.54A	88.24A	0.006	1.22
Threonine	80.51B	85.74A	86.12A	0.001	1.61
Methionine	87.40	88.69	88.07	0.318	2.39
Cystine	79.32B	85.50A	87.59A	0.011	3.31
Alanine	82.03B	85.45A	84.96A	0.049	2.16
Arginine	83.46	89.41	87.23	0.161	2.49
Aspartic acid	80.31B	85.04A	86.90A	0.020	2.27
Glutamic acid	90.23B	93.66A	93.92A	0.001	1.98
Glycine	79.17B	85.03A	85.01A	0.036	1.99
Histidine	84.76	88.69	86.20	0.114	1.92
Isoleucine	85.13B	89.30A	88.71A	0.013	1.26
Leucine	85.59B	89.66A	88.41A	0.001	1.18
Phenylalanine	86.81B	91.21A	89.43A	0.009	1.16
Serine	83.11B	88.45A	86.74A	0.008	1.48
Tyrosine	86.83B	91.10A	89.30A	0.012	1.31
Valine	84.14B	88.36A	89.12A	0.006	1.46
Mean amino acids	83.97B	88.36A	87.87A	0.009	2.90
Protein	85.57B	88.17A	87.16A	0.041	1.37

Soybean meal
Amino acids	Total	0	500	1000	Phytase contribution
	Total	0	500	1000	500	1000
Lysine	2.820	2.597	2.622	2.616	0.025	0.019
Threonine	1.830	1.612	1.615	1.613	0.003	0.002
Methionine	0.640	0.593	0.623	0.627	0.030	0.034
Cystine	0.520	0.433	0.443	0.445	0.010	0.012
Alanine	2.000	1.797	1.822	1.829	0.024	0.032
Arginine	3.320	3.078	3.115	3.126	0.037	0.048
Aspartic acid	5.110	4.569	4.573	4.578	0.004	0.008
Glutamic acid	8.470	7.885	7.916	7.914	0.031	0.030
Glycine	1.910	1.657	1.662	1.659	0.005	0.002
Histidine	1.200	1.091	1.118	1.116	0.027	0.025
Isoleucine	2.040	1.849	1.862	1.868	0.013	0.018
Leucine	3.490	3.188	3.192	3.192	0.003	0.004
Phenylalanine	2.410	2.219	2.228	2.235	0.009	0.016
Serine	2.340	2.102	2.114	2.103	0.012	0.001
Tyrosine	1.790	1.642	1.665	1.655	0.023	0.014
Valine	2.140	1.941	1.943	1.944	0.002	0.003
Protein	44.970	40.594	40.603	40.666	0.009	0.072

Corn + soybean meal
Amino acids	Total	0	500	1000	Phytase contribution
Amino acids	Total	0	500	1000	500	1000
Lysine	0.769	0.692	0.691	0.680	0.078	0.089
Threonine	0.558	0.474	0.489	0.474	0.069	0.084
Methionine	0.220	0.204	0.201	0.200	0.019	0.020
Cystine	0.183	0.151	0.151	0.147	0.032	0.036
Alanine	0.746	0.665	0.659	0.654	0.087	0.092
Arginine	0.942	0.847	0.859	0.850	0.083	0.092
Aspartic acid	1.445	1.253	1.262	1.214	0.183	0.231
Glutamic acid	2.694	2.459	2.470	2.425	0.224	0.269
Glycine	0.583	0.493	0.496	0.479	0.087	0.104
Histidine	0.389	0.351	0.352	0.345	0.037	0.044
Isoleucine	0.606	0.539	0.536	0.529	0.070	0.077
Leucine	1.270	1.147	1.142	1.126	0.128	0.144
Phenylalanine	0.756	0.684	0.687	0.673	0.069	0.083
Serine	0.726	0.635	0.640	0.624	0.086	0.102
Tyrosine	0.544	0.492	0.490	0.483	0.054	0.061
Valine	0.678	0.600	0.596	0.586	0.082	0.092
Protein	14.081	12.460	12.567	12.171	1.514	1.910

Wheat + soybean meal
Amino acids	Total	0	500	1000	Phytase contribution
Amino acids	Total	0	500	1000	500	1000
Lysine	1.805	1.530	1.598	1.593	0.068	0.062
Threonine	1.171	0.943	1.004	1.008	0.061	0.066
Methionine	0.410	0.358	0.364	0.361	0.005	0.003
Cystine	0.334	0.265	0.286	0.293	0.021	0.028
Alanine	1.281	1.051	1.095	1.088	0.044	0.038
Arginine	2.124	1.773	1.899	1.853	0.126	0.080
Aspartic acid	3.273	2.629	2.783	2.844	0.155	0.216
Glutamic acid	5.419	4.890	5.075	5.090	0.186	0.200
Glycine	1.223	0.968	1.040	1.040	0.072	0.071
Histidine	0.767	0.650	0.680	0.661	0.030	0.011
Isoleucine	1.307	1.113	1.167	1.159	0.055	0.047
Leucine	2.230	1.909	1.999	1.972	0.091	0.063
Phenylalanine	1.540	1.337	1.405	1.377	0.068	0.040
Serine	1.499	1.246	1.326	1.300	0.080	0.054
Tyrosine	1.144	0.993	1.042	1.022	0.049	0.028
Valine	1.370	1.153	1.211	1.221	0.058	0.068
Protein	15.221	13.025	13.420	13.267	0.396	0.242

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