Influence of dexamethasone and surfactant in the vitality and lung function of preterm lambs born by cesarean section

Bovino, F.; Denadai, D.S.; Ávila, L.G.; Deschk, M.; Santos, P.S.P.; Feitosa, F.L.F.; Peiró, J.R.; Mendes, L.C.N.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-10390

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Veterinary Medicine • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 71 (01) • Jan-Feb 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10390 copy

Influence of dexamethasone and surfactant in the vitality and lung function of preterm lambs born by cesarean section

Influência da dexametasona e do surfactante na vitalidade e na função pulmonar de cordeiros prematuros nascidos por cesariana eletiva

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess the vitality and lung function of preterm lambs. Twenty seven preterm lambs were divided in four groups. Group I (n=6) preterm lambs/ control; group II (n=9) lambs born to mothers that were treated with dexamethasone antepartum; group III (n=6) lambs treated with surfactant; and group IV (n=6) lambs treated with surfactant and born to mothers that were treated with dexamethasone antepartum. The APGAR score was performed after birth (T₀) and 15 minutes later (T_1/4) to assess vitality. The vital signs, blood gas analysis, spirometry and capnometry were assessed immediately after birth and continued until 48 hours. Chest radiographs were performed at T₀, T₂₄ and T₄₈. Significant rectal temperature interactions occurred at T₁ and T₆ depending on the type of treatment used. All animals showed low pH values, which were associated with high pCO₂ values and HCO₃ ^-values that increased over time from immediately after birth to two days of age. Higher tidal volume values were observed at T_1/4, T₁ and T₂₄ when the animals were not treated with surfactant. Capnometry showed significant interactions between treatments at T₀. Premature animals showed low vitality and impaired pulmonary function.

Keywords:
lambs; neonatology; vitality; vital parameters

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
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Time	Mortality	Groups
		I		II		III		IV		P^*
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
T₀	Live	6	100	9	100	6	100	6	100	___
T₀	Dead	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	___
T₂₄	Live	4	66.7	7	77.8	0	0.0	5	83.3	0.0083
T₂₄	Dead	2	33.3	2	22,2	6	100	1	16.7	0.0083
T₄₈	Live	4	66.7	7	77.8	0	0.0	5	83.3	0.0083
T₄₈	Dead	2	33.3	2	22.2	6	100	1	16.7	0.0083

Variable	Time	Surfactant	Dexamethasone		Mean
Variable	Time	Surfactant	Without	With
Rt (^oc)	T0	Without	38.6±1.2	38.6±0.7	38.6±0.9
		With	38.3±0.9	38.4±0.7	38.3±0.7
		Mean	38.4±1.0	38.5±0.7
	T1/4	Without	37.6±1.1	36.6±0.7	37.0±0.9 a
		With	36.0±0.8	35.8±1.4	35.9±1.1 b
		Mean	36.7±1.2	36.2±1.1
	T1	Without	36.4±1.2 a	36.7±1.5	36.5±1.3
		With	33.0±0.7 bb	36.2±1.8 a	35.3±2.2
		Mean	35.2±2.0	36.5±1.6
	T6	Without	38.0±0.4 ba	38.8±0.2 ab	38.5±0.5
		With	36.4±0 bb	39.3±0.4 aa	38.8±1.2
		Mean	37.7±0.8	39.0±0.4
	T12	Without	38.6±0.4	39.2±0.2	39.0±0.4 b
		With		39.7±0.2	39.7±0.2 a
		Mean	38.6±0.4 b	39.2±0.4 a
	T24	Without	38.7±0.1	39.1±0.4	38.9±0.4 b
		With		39.4±0.3	39.4±0.3 a
		Mean	38.7±0.1 b	39.2±0.2 a
	T48	Without	38.4±0.5	38.9±0.7	38.7±0.7
		With		39.9±0.4	39.0±0.4
		Mean	38.4±0.5	38.9±0.6

Variable	Time	Surfactant	Dexamethasone
Variable	Time	Surfactant	Without	With	Mean
pH	T0	Without	7.098±0.152	7.053±0.074	7.071±0.109 a
		With	6.976±0.106	6.957±0.034	6.967±0.096 b
		Mean	7.037±0.140	7.014±0.093
	T1/4	Without	7.002±0.185 a	6.973±0.162	6.984±0.164
		With	6.783±0.074 bb	7.004±0.034 a	6.894±0.131
		Mean	6.883±0.172	6.987±0.125
	T1	Without	7.141±0.109 a	7.109±0.099	7.121±0.098
		With	6.739±0.074 bb	7.130±0.066 a	7.018±0.201
		Mean	7.007±0.227	7.118±0.084
	T6	Without	7.255±0.013 a	7.305±0.051	7.287±0.047
		With	7.095±0.00 bb	7.254±0.056 a	7.227±0.082
		Mean	7.223±0.073	7.284±0.057
	T12	Without	7.294±0.079	7.357±0.039	7.334±0.062
		With		7.348±0.047	7.348±0.047
		Mean	7.294±0.079	7.353±0.041
	T24	Without	7.359±0.026	7.367±0.041	7.364±0.035
		With		7.398±0.039	7.398±0.039
		Mean	7.359±0.026	7.380±0.041
	T48	Without	7.390±0.019	7.346±0.056	7.362±0.050
		With		7.347±0.021	7.347±0.021
		Mean	7.390±0.019	7.346±0.043
pCO₂	T0	Without	81.9±15.0	90.0±13.3	86.8±14.1 b
		With	100.0±16.8	102.7±12.4	101.4±14.2 a
		Mean	91.0±17.9	95.1±14.1
	T1/4	Without	92.9±36.6	91.1±30.0	91.8±31.2
		With	120.3±22.0 a	79.1±14.7 b	99.7±27.9
		Mean	107.8±31.4	86.0±24.6
	T1	Without	69.5±5.4 b	69.4±7.0	69.4±6.2
		With	102.1±17.1 aa	69.1±4.4 b	78.5±17.9
		Mean	80.3±19.0	69.3±5.8
	T6	Without	55.1±2.9	56.3±6.7	55.9±5.5
		With	65.1±0.0	61.2±4.7	61.8±4.5
		Mean	57.1±5.1	58.4±6.2
	T12	Without	53.1±9.5	53.9±6.7	53.6±7.3
		With		54.0±5.4	54.0±5.4
		Mean	53.1±9.5	53.9±5.9
	T24	Without	52.8±1.5	56.2±6.7	54.9±5.6
		With		52.1±6.7	52.1±6.7
		Mean	52.8±1.5	54.5±6.7
	T48	Without	55.9±5.5	57.0±9.4	56.6±7.9
		With		57.2±2.2	57.2±2.2
		Mean	55.9±5.5	57.1±7.0
HCO₃	T0	Without	24.6±3.8	24.6±6.4	24.6±2.5
		With	22.9±1.9	22.4±4.4	22.6±3.2
		Mean	23.7±3.0	23.7±3.0
	T1/4	Without	22.0±4.2	20.5±2.4	21.1±3.1
		With	18.0±2.0	20.1±3.8	19.1±3.1
		Mean	19.8±3.6	20.3±2.9
	T1	Without	24.1±3.9 a	21.9±3.2	22.7±3.4
		With	14.7±0.0 bb	23.5±3.8 a	21.0±5.3
		Mean	21.0±5.7	22.5±3.4
	T6	Without	24.3±1.6	25.7±2.7	25.2±2.4
		With	20.2±0 b	26.5±3.5 a	25.5±4.0
		Mean	23.5±2.3	26.0±2.9
	T12	Without	25.2±1.6	29.2±1.7	27.7±2.6
		With		29.1±3.8	29.1±3.8
		Mean	25.2±2.3 b	29.2±2.6 a
	T24	Without	29.3±2.1	31.3±2.2	30.5±2.3
		With		31.3±3.4	31.3±3.4
		Mean	29.3±2.1	31.3±2.6
	T48	Without	33.3±2.0	30.2±3.7	31.3±3.3
		With		30.8±1.6	30.8±1.6
		Mean	33.3±2.0	30.4±2.9