[Eficácia <i>in vitro</i> do benzoato de emamectina e do glifosato contra parasitos monogenéticos de <i>Colossoma macropomum</i>]

Baia, R.R.J.; Alves, C.M.G.; Malheiros, D.F.; Santos, G.G.; Tavares-Dias, M.

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Veterinary Medicine and Technology and Inspection of Animal Products • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 76 (2) • Mar-Apr 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-13036 copiar

[Eficácia in vitro do benzoato de emamectina e do glifosato contra parasitos monogenéticos de Colossoma macropomum]

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Este estudo investigou a eficácia in vitro do benzoato de emamectina e do glifosato contra monogenéticos de Colossoma macropomum e a tolerância dessa espécie a essas drogas terapêuticas. Ensaios in vitro demonstraram que as concentrações de benzoato de emamectina (12,5; 16,6; 20,8 e 25,0g/L) e de glifosato (2.000; 3.000; 4.000 e 5.000mg/L) foram 100% eficazes contra Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis e Mymarothecium boegeri. As maiores concentrações de benzoato de emamectina (20,8 e 25,0g/L) foram 100% efetivas após 30 minutos de exposição. Para o glifosato, as maiores concentrações foram as mais efetivas, sendo que 4.000 e 5.000 mg/L imobilizaram 100% dos parasitos em 45 minutos e 30 minutos, respectivamente. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura revelou que os parasitos expostos a 20,8 e 25,0g/L de benzoato de emamectina e 5.000 mg/L de glifosato apresentaram tegumento coberto por rugas mais profundas. Alterações comportamentais ocorreram em C. macropomum exposto a todas as concentrações de ambas as drogas, como mortalidade após exposição a benzoato de emamectina e glifosato a 2,0;12,5 e 25,0g/L e 500; 1.000; 2.000; 3.000; 4.000 e 5.000mg/L, respectivamente. Baixas concentrações de benzoato de emamectina e de glifosato foram toleradas por C. macropomum, mas essas baixas concentrações podem não ter eficácia contra infecções por monogenéticos.

Palavras-chave:
anti-helmíntico; ectoparasitas; infecção; tambaqui; tolerância

Time of exposure	Treatments	Live parasites	Mortality (%)
0 h	Control with water of tank	27.7 ± 6.1	0
3 h	Control with water of tank	25.3 ± 8.2	8.4
5 h	Control with water of tank	23.0 ± 10.2	16.9
8 h	Control with water of tank	6.7 ± 1.9	80.7
9 h	Control with water of tank	0	100
0 h	12.5 g/L of emamectin benzoate	26.0 ± 7.1	0
5 min	12.5 g/L of emamectin benzoate	23.3 ± 8.5	10.3
15 min	12.5 g/L of emamectin benzoate	16.0 ± 10.7	38.5
30 min	12.5 g/L of emamectin benzoate	2.0 ± 1.4	92.3
45 min	12.5 g/L of emamectin benzoate	0.3 ± 0.5	98.7
60 min	12.5 g/L of emamectin benzoate	0	100
0 h	16.6 g/L of emamectin benzoate	23.0 ± 2.2	0
5 min	16.6 g/L of emamectin benzoate	22.3 ± 2.6	2.9
15 min	16.6 g/L of emamectin benzoate	13.7 ± 2.6	40.6
30 min	16.6 g/L of emamectin benzoate	2.3 ± 2.1	89.9
45 min	16.6 g/L of emamectin benzoate	0	100
0 h	20.8 g/L of emamectin benzoate	20.7 ± 0.9	0
5 min	20.8 g/L of emamectin benzoate	15.0 ± 4.1	27.4
15 min	20.8 g/L of emamectin benzoate	3.7 ± 2.6	82.3
30 min	20.8 g/L of emamectin benzoate	0	100
5 min	25.0 g/L of emamectin benzoate	18.3 ± 6.2	21.4
15 min	25.0 g/L of emamectin benzoate	1.0 ± 1.4	95.7
30 min	25.0 g/L of emamectin benzoate	0	100
5 min	2,000 mg/L of glyphosate	18.7 ± 1.7	8.2
15 min	2,000 mg/L of glyphosate	10.3 ± 6.1	49.2
30 min	2,000 mg/L of glyphosate	2.0 ± 2.8	86.9
45 min	2,000 mg/L of glyphosate	0	100
0 h	3,000 mg/L of glyphosate	20.7 ± 0.9	0
5 min	3,000 mg/L of glyphosate	20.7 ± 0.9	0
15 min	3,000 mg/L of glyphosate	18.7 ± 1.2	9.7
30 min	3,000 mg/L of glyphosate	12.3 ± 4.1	40.3
45 min	3,000 mg/L of glyphosate	4.0 ± 4.3	80.6
60 min	3,000 mg/L of glyphosate	0	100
0 h	4,000 mg/L of glyphosate	20.3 ± 1.2	0
5 min	4,000 mg/L of glyphosate	17.7 ± 4.2	13.1
15 min	4,000 mg/L of glyphosate	6.0 ± 3.3	70.5
30 min	4,000 mg/L of glyphosate	1.0 ± 1.4	95.1
45 min	4,000 mg/L of glyphosate	0	100
0 h	5,000 mg/L of glyphosate	21.0 ± 1.4	0
5 min	5,000 mg/L of glyphosate	13.7 ± 3.4	34.9
15 min	5,000 mg/L of glyphosate	0.7 ± 0.9	85.7
30 min	5,000 mg/L of glyphosate	0	100

Concentration (g/L)	Mortality (%)	Exposure time	Behavioral changes of fish
0.1 g/L of emamectin benzoate	0	4 h	Agitation and accelerated opercular beat
0.5 g/L of emamectin benzoate	0	4 h	Agitation, accelerated opercular beat, shallow breathing and loss of equilibrium
2.0 g/L of emamectin benzoate	100	55 min	Agitation, accelerated opercular beat, shallow breathing, lethargy, loss of equilibrium and death
12.5 g/L of emamectin benzoate	100	23 min	Agitation, accelerated opercular beat and swimming, shallow breathing, lethargy, loss of equilibrium and death
25.0 g/L of emamectin benzoate	100	20 min	Agitation, jumps, accelerated opercular beat and swimming, shallow breathing, lethargy, loss of equilibrium and death
250 mg/L of glyphosate	0	4 h	Reduction in opercular beat and shallow breathing
500 mg/L of glyphosate	100	4 h	Agitation, accelerated opercular beat and swimming, shallow breathing, lethargy, loss of equilibrium and death
1,000 mg/L of glyphosate	100	52 min	Agitation, jumps, accelerated opercular beat and swimming, shallow breathing, lethargy, tipping over and death
2,000 mg/L of glyphosate	100	35 min	Agitation, jumps, accelerated opercular beat and swimming, shallow breathing, lethargy, loss of equilibrium and death
3,000 mg/L of glyphosate	100	23 min	Agitation, jumps, accelerated opercular beat and swimming, shallow breathing, lethargy, loss of equilibrium and death
4,000 mg/L of glyphosate	100	20 min	Agitation, jumps, accelerated opercular beat and swimming, shallow breathing, lethargy, loss of equilibrium and death
5,000 mg/L of glyphosate	100	18 min	Agitation, jumps, accelerated opercular beat and swimming, shallow breathing, lethargy, loss of equilibrium and death

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] *Corresponding author: marcos.tavares@embrapa.br