Management of roe deer population (Capreolus capreolus L.) in Serbia

Popović, Z.; Lavadinović, V.; Stepić, S.; Beuković, D.; Beuković, M.; Vukadinović, M.; Polovinski-Horvatović, M.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12865

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Animal Science • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 75 (2) • Mar-Apr 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12865 copy

Management of roe deer population (Capreolus capreolus L.) in Serbia

[Gestão da população de cabrito-montês (Capreolus capreolus L.) na Sérvia]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The research was conducted during the 2018/19 hunting year at three hunting grounds: "Barajevska reka" - "Takovo" and "Jadar". The average density of Roe deer in hunting grounds varied from 48.67 to 74 individuals per 1,000 ha of hunting-productive area. However, when observing the number of individuals per 1,000 ha of total hunting area, the density varies from 16.07 individuals to 34.72 individuals. The determined gender ratio at the hunting ground "Jadar" was (M: F = 1: 0.93). At the hunting ground "Takovo", the gender ratio was (M: F = 1: 1.22), while at the hunting ground "Barajevska reka" the ratio was (M: F = 1: 1.59). The average fertility of Roe deer was 1.67 embryos per individual, or 1.75 embryos per pregnant female. Depending on the study area, the real growth varied from 0.54 to 0.73 fawns per female. Loss in Roe deer are caused mostly by biotic factors. The determined average age of shot individuals varied depending on the hunting ground from 3.53 to 5.24 years. The current state of Roe deer populations in Serbia varies between analyzed hunting grounds, but the overall situation is quite unsatisfactory, especially in terms of density, gender ratio and age structure of culled individuals.

Keywords:
Capreolus capreolus L; management; growth rate; losses

Hunting ground	Total hunting area (ha)	HPA (ha)	Optimal fund	Breeding stock fund /individuals/	Density at 1000 ha of HPA	Density at 1000ha total hunting area	Gender ratio
Barajevska reka	21,312	10,000	700	740	74	34.72	1:1.01
Jadar	45,417	15,000	720	730	48.67	16.07	1:1
Takovo	74,292	28,000	1,700	1,610	57.50	22.88	1:1

Hunting ground	Total experimental area (ha)	HPA experimental area (ha)¹	Calculated HPA on Google maps (ha)	Optimal abundance for experimental area²	Breeding stock fund (individuals) 2019	Density at 1.000 ha HPA³	Density at 1000ha total hunting area ⁴	Density based on calculated HPA ⁵	Gender ratio
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Barajevska reka	1,015	477	727	35	114	239	112	157	1:1.59
Jadar	987	326	659	16	79	242	80	120	1:0.93
Takovo	1,598	1,151	1,548	66	122	106	76	79	1:1.22

Hunting ground	Age structure	Male	Female	Breeding stock (individuals) 2019.	Gender ratio M:F
Barajevska reka (Vranić)	<1 years	14	19	114	1:1.59
	2 years	10	20
	3-4 years	13	19
	> 5 years	7	12
	Total	44	70
Jadar (Runjani-Grnčara)	< 1 years	7	13	79	1:0.93
	2 years	15	8
	3-4 years	13	11
	> 5 years	6	6
	Total	41	38
Takovo (Ješevac)	< 1 years	15	14	122	1:1.22
	2 years	17	29
	3-4 years	15	17
	> 5 years	8	7
	Total	55	67

Hunting ground name -experimental ground		Age structure
Hunting ground name -experimental ground		Young >2 yrs.	Middle age 3-4 yrs.	Mature <5 yrs.	Total
Barajevska reka (Vranić)	Number	24	13	7	44
Barajevska reka (Vranić)	%	54.55	29.55	15.90	100
Jadar- (Runjani-Grnčara)	Number	22	13	6	41
Jadar- (Runjani-Grnčara)	%	53.66	31.71	14.63	100
Takovo- (Ješevac)	Number	32	15	8	55
Takovo- (Ješevac)	%	58.18	27.27	14.55	100
Optimal number	Number	24	13	13	50
Optimal number	%	48	26	26	100

Hunting ground	n	Mean	Min.	Max.	Sd	CV
Barajevska reka	192	5.24	2.00	7.00	1.07	20.35
Jadar	58	3.53	2.00	7.00	1.29	36.42
Takovo	44	3.98	2.00	8.00	1.53	38.53

Cause of death	Gender and age structure	Number of individuals			Total loss	% from total loss
Cause of death	Gender and age structure	Barajevska reka	Jadar	Takovo
Agricultural mechanization	Fawns	4			4
Agricultural mechanization	∑	4			4	11.76
Traffic accidents	Male	3	2	3	8
	Female	2	2	2	6
	Fawns				0
	∑	5	4	5	14	41.18
Mechanical injuries	Male	4			4
	Female				0
	Fawns				0
	∑	4			4	11.76
Fawn capture	Fawns	2			2
Fawn capture	∑	2			2	5.88
Dogs and Foxes	Female	3	1	1	5
	Fawns	2			2
	∑	5	1	1	7	20.59
Poachers	Male				0
	Female			2	2
	Fawns				0
	∑			2	2	5.88
Unknown causes	Male	1			1
	Female
	∑	1			1	2.95
Total	Male	8	3	3	14	41.18
	Female	5	2	5	12	35.29
	Fawns	8	-		8	23.53
	∑	21	5	8	34	100

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] Corresponding author: zpopovic@agrif.bg.ac.rs