Composition, cellularity and biochemical profile of milk from primiparous and pluriparous Holstein cows during the stages of lactation

Alves, D.D.; Silva, D.G.; Aguiar, G.A.; Nogueira, G.S.; Silva, M.F.; Leite, R.V.R.S.; Lacerda-Neto, J.C.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-13233

home Sumário navigate_before Anterior Atual Seguinte navigate_next

home Sumário

Original Article - Veterinary Medicine • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 77 (01) • Jan-Feb 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-13233 linkcopy

Composition, cellularity and biochemical profile of milk from primiparous and pluriparous Holstein cows during the stages of lactation

[Composição, celularidade e perfil bioquímico do leite de vacas Holandesas primíparas e pluríparas durante as fases da lactação]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to verify the influence of calving order and stage of lactation on milk composition, SCC and biochemical profile of whey from Holstein cows. Two hundred negative milk samples in strip cup test and in CMT and with SCC < 200,000 cells/mL were allocated into three groups: milk samples from females with one lactation (G1; n=76), milk samples from females with two or three lactations (G2; n=73) and milk samples from females with four to six lactations (G3; n=51) according with the phase of lactation (initial, intermediate and final). GGT and ALP activities, and total protein, albumin, total Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Cl, Na, K and ionized Ca concentrations were determined. There was an influence of calving order and stage of lactation on SCC in all groups, while milk composition (fat, protein, lactose and total solids) was influenced only by order of calving. The lactation stage influenced all biochemical parameters evaluated of whey. Calving order also influenced biochemical profile, except the iron concentration. More detailed knowledge of the physiological variations that influence milk composition can contribute to the establishment of more accurate and specific ranges of normal values to monitor the health of mammary gland.

Keywords:
SCC; CMT; stage of lactation; calving order; whey

Variables / Groups	Lactation Stages
Variables / Groups	Initial	Intermediate	Final
FAT (g/100g)
G1	1.63 ± 0.60 ^Aa	1.56 ± 0.68 ^Aa	1.33 ± 0.49 ^Aa
G2	1.16 ± 0.44 ^Ba	1.29 ± 0.63 ^ABa	1.06 ± 0.37 ^Aa
G3	1.05 ± 0.31 ^Ba	0.89 ± 0.22 ^Ba	1.07 ± 0.39 ^Aa
PROT (g/100g)
G1	3.37 ± 0.29 ^Aa	3.38 ± 0.32 ^Aa	3.45 ± 0.32 ^Aa
G2	3.24 ± 0.34 ^ABa	3.34 ± 0.38 ^Aa	3.25 ± 0.20 ^Aa
G3	3.13 ± 0.25 ^Ba	3.30 ± 0.32 ^Aa	3.26 ± 0.17 ^Aa
LACT (g/100g)
G1	4.62 ± 0.35 ^Aa	4.55 ± 0.93 ^Aa	4.76 ± 0.19 ^Aa
G2	4.86 ± 0.19 ^Ba	4.93 ± 0.14 ^Ba	4.87 ± 0.13 ^ABa
G3	4.93 ± 0.12 ^Ba	4.94 ± 0.16 ^ABa	5.00 ± 0.09 ^Ba
TS (g/100g)
G1	10.58 ± 0.70 ^Aa	10.69 ± 0.81^Aa	10.53 ± 0.74 ^Aa
G2	10.25 ± 0.60 ^ABa	10.53 ± 0.87 ^ABa	10.16 ± 0.52 ^Aa
G3	10.06 ± 0.56 ^Ba	10.06 ± 0.55 ^Ba	10.29 ± 0.45 ^Aa
DDE (g/100g)
G1	8.96 ± 0.47 ^Aa	9.13 ± 0.40 ^Aa	9.19 ± 0.40 ^Aa
G2	9.09 ± 0.41 ^Aa	9.24 ± 0.41 ^Aa	9.10 ± 0.32 ^Aa
G3	9.02 ± 0.35 ^Aa	9.17 ± 0.43 ^Aa	9.22 ± 0.32 ^Aa
SCC (cells/mL)
G1	138.265 ± 28.208 ^Aa	77.263 ± 8.523 ^Ab	41.783 ± 9.606 ^Ac
G2	26.348 ± 2.058 ^Ba	18.788 ± 2.655 ^Bb	13.353 ± 1.498 ^Bc
G3	9.143 ± 854 ^Ca	7.444 ± 511 ^Cb	5.083 ± 996 ^Cc

Components	Bulk milk sample	Average milk composition (min-max)	Normative Instruction nº76
FAT (g/100g)	3.57	4.0 (2.5-5.5)	min. 3.0
PROT (g/100g)	3.29	3.3 (2.3-4.4)	min. 2.9
LACT (g/100g)	4.63	4.6 (3.8-5.3)	min. 4.3
TS (g/100g)	12.40	12.9 (11.3-14.7)	min. 11.4
DDE (g/100g)	8.81	8.9 (7.9-10.0)	min. 8.4
SCC (cells/mL)	313,000	-	500,000
TBC (CFU/mL)	6,000	-	300,000

Category	Average daily milk production (kg)
primiparous (n=20)	27.56 ± 7.94 ^A
multiparous with 2 or 3 lactations (n=21)	30.24 ± 11.33 ^A
multiparous with 4 to 6 lactations (n=17)	34.36 ± 7.42 ^A

Parameters / Groups	Lactation Stages
Parameters / Groups	Initial	Intermediate	Final
GGT (U/L)
G1	2,592 ± 313 ^Aa	3,237 ± 432 ^ABb	2,881 ± 521 ^Ac
G2	2,711 ± 534 ^Aa	2,970 ± 471 ^Aa	3,804 ± 738 ^Bb
G3	2,558 ± 298 ^Aa	3,400 ± 881 ^Bb	3,570 ± 809 ^Bb
ALP (U/L)
G1	51.95 ± 27.34 ^Aa	102 ± 37.18 ^Ab	147 ± 74.69 ^Ac
G2	28.12 ± 11.66 ^Ba	90.97 ± 40.49 ^Ab	150 ± 33.85 ^Ac
G3	53.29 ± 19.37 ^Aa	83.84 ± 47.58 ^Aa	144 ± 94.18 ^Ab
TP (g/dL)
G1	1.13 ± 0.09 ^ABa	1.13 ± 0.06 ^Aa	1.24 ± 0.07 ^Ab
G2	1.16 ± 0.13 ^Aa	1.20 ± 0.10 ^Ba	1.48 ± 0.20 ^Bb
G3	1.06 ± 0.08 ^Ba	1.23 ± 0.07 ^Bb	1.34 ± 0.18 ^ABc
Alb (g/dL)
G1	0.05 ± 0.02 ^Aa	0.05 ± 0.01 ^Aa	0.06 ± 0.01 ^Aa
G2	0.05 ± 0.01 ^Aa	0.06 ± 0.01 ^Ba	0.08 ± 0.02 ^Bb
G3	0.06 ± 0.01 ^Aa	0.05 ± 0.01 ^ABa	0.06 ± 0.03 ^ABa
tCa (mg/dL)
G1	39.14 ± 4.64 ^Aa	31.78 ± 3.18 ^Ab	34.73 ± 3.95 ^Ab
G2	32.59 ± 5.01 ^Ba	32.72 ± 2.40 ^Aa	30.88 ± 5.00 ^Ba
G3	37.26 ± 3.53 ^Aa	36.67 ± 3.65 ^Ba	37.61 ± 4.85 ^Aa
Mg (mg/dL)
G1	7.04 ± 1.04 ^Aa	6.86 ± 1.07 ^Aa	7.77 ± 1.25 ^Ab
G2	7.03 ± 1.00 ^Aa	6.62 ± 0.60 ^Aa	6.86 ± 0.91 ^Ba
G3	7.35 ± 1.11 ^Aa	7.74 ± 0.78 ^Ba	8.00 ± 0.76 ^Aa
P (mg/dL)
G1	41.12 ± 5.00 ^Aa	44.87 ± 2.42 ^Ab	41.32 ± 3.15 ^Aa
G2	36.33 ± 2.99 ^Ba	35.71 ± 3.21 ^Ba	36.30 ± 4.90 ^Ba
G3	36.89 ± 5.22 ^Bab	37.23 ± 4.70 ^Ba	32.18 ± 6.62 ^Bb
Fe (ug/dL)
G1	3.17 ± 2.42 ^Aa	1.97 ± 2.81 ^Aa	3.50 ± 2.75 ^Aa
G2	3.86 ± 2.10 ^Aab	3.54 ± 2.70 ^Aa	6.02 ± 3.68 ^Ab
G3	3.78 ± 2.81 ^Aa	3.63 ± 2.71 ^Aa	5.98 ± 3.60 ^Aa
Cl (mMol/L)
G1	116 ± 9.34 ^Aa	116 ± 5.30 ^Aa	111 ± 9.40 ^Aa
G2	114 ± 9.33 ^Aa	116 ± 8.44 ^Aab	122 ± 10.41 ^Bb
G3	112 ± 8.36 ^Aa	111 ± 12.45 ^Aa	125 ± 13.43 ^Bb
Na (mMol/L)
G1	139 ± 5.52 ^Aa	144 ± 4.74 ^ABb	137 ± 9.17 ^Aa
G2	144 ± 10.05 ^Ba	140 ± 10.31 ^Aa	140 ± 18.71 ^Aa
G3	132 ± 5.65 ^Ca	147 ± 7.90 ^Bb	157 ± 24.02 ^Bb
K (mMol/L)
G1	40.74 ± 2.59 ^Aa	42.65 ± 0.97 ^Ab	41.61 ± 2.35 ^Aab
G2	39.47 ± 3.21 ^ABa	39.20 ± 2.51 ^Ba	32.72 ± 4.22 ^Bb
G3	37.73 ± 1.98 ^Ba	36.45 ± 4.02 ^Cab	33.33 ± 7.25 ^Bb
iCa (mMol/L)
G1	3.35 ± 0.28 ^Aa	2.64 ± 0.21 ^Ab	2.73 ± 0.24 ^Ab
G2	3.19 ± 0.28 ^ABa	2.80 ± 0.25 ^Ab	2.52±0.48 ^Ac
G3	3.06 ± 0.22 ^Ba	3.10 ± 0.29 ^Ba	3.06 ± 0.55 ^Ba

vertical_align_top show_chart

more_horiz close
- image
- translate
- link
- article
- vertical_align_top
- file_download
- show_chart
- image
- translate
- link
- article

location_on

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

rss_feed Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[TFN1] FAT: fat content; PROT: protein content; LACT: lactose content; TS: total solids content; DDE: defatted dry extract; SCC: somatic cell count.

[TFN2] Means followed by equal capital letters in same column and equal lowercase letters in same line do not differ from each other using Tukey’s test (p>0.05).