The conventional ophthalmic dosage forms are relatively simple: usually, water-soluble drugs are delivered in aqueous solution and water-insoluble drugs are prepared as suspensions or ointments. However, these delivery systems currently used present very low corneal bioavailability, systemic exposure because of nasolacrimal drainage and lack of efficiency in the posterior segment of ocular tissue. Recent research efforts have focused on the development of new ophthalmic drug delivery systems. As a result of these efforts, microemulsions are promising dosage forms for ocular use. These delivery systems are dispersions of water and oil that require surfactant and co-surfactant agents in order to stabilize the interfacial area. The microemulsions have a transparent appearance, thermodynamic stability and small droplet size of the dispersed fase (<1,0 mm), providing them with the capacity of being sterilized by filtration. Furthermore, these systems offer additional advantages that include: low viscosity, great ability as drug delivery vehicles, widened properties as absorption promoters and easiness of preparation, which do not require much energy and the use of special equipments. In this review, we present the technology and some preliminary studies of microemulsions in relation to ocular drug delivery systems.
Topical administration; Absorption; Drug compounding; Pharmaceutical technology; Ophthalmic solutions; Biological availability; Emulsions; Pharmacokinetics; Solubility; Drug delivery systems; Cornea
