Many studies have been trying to identify genetic markers for opthalmological diseases, including, among others, the HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens). Localized on the short arm of chromosome 6, the human leukocyte antigen system is well known for its capacity to confer susceptibility or resistance to different diseases. In view of its accentuated polymorphism, the strength and type of association differs with the disease and sometimes, with the studied ethnic-racial group. The development of molecular methods to typify HLA alleles and recent updates of their nomenclature has contributed to a better understanding of this system. In this review, some aspects of the human leukocyte antigen system are discussed, such as the methods of detection, nomenclature and association with acute anterior uveitis, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, young-onset keratoconus and birdshot retinochoroidopathy.
HLA antigens; Major histocompatibility complex; Retinitis; Uveitis; Keratoconus
