Cypel, Marcela Colussi; Salomão, Solange Rios; Dantas, Paulo Elias Correa; Lottenberg, Claudio Luiz; Kasahara, Niro; Ramos, Luiz Roberto; Belfort, Rubens

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20170039

Marcela Colussi Cypel Corresponding author: Marcela Colussi Cypel. Rua Simão Álvares, 1.015 - São Paulo, SP - 05417-030 - Brazil - E-mail: macypel@gmail.com

Departament of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Solange Rios Salomão

Departament of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Paulo Elias Correa Dantas

Departament of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Claudio Luiz Lottenberg

Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Niro Kasahara

Departament of Ophthalmology, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Luiz Roberto Ramos

Departament of Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Rubens Belfort Jr.

Departament of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Corresponding author: Marcela Colussi Cypel. Rua Simão Álvares, 1.015 - São Paulo, SP - 05417-030 - Brazil - E-mail: macypel@gmail.com

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest: None of the authors have any potential conflict of interest to disclose.

Group total sample	80-89 years		90-99 years		≥100 years		Total
	(N=70)		(N=50)		(N=30)		(N=150)
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender
Female	43	61.43	35	70.00	25	83.33	103	68.67
Males	27	38.57	15	30.00	5	16.67	47	31.33
Skin color
White	55	78.57	40	80.00	26	86.67	121	80.67
Black	7	10.00	5	10.00	3	10.00	15	10.00
Asian	3	4.29	1	2.00	1	3.33	5	3.33
Brown	5	7.14	4	8.00	0	-	9	6.00
Origin
Brazil	55	78.57	30	60.00	23	76.67	108	72.00
Other country	15	21.43	20	40.00	7	23.33	42	28.00
Recruitment
Geriatrics outpatient clinic	56	80.00	16	32.00	0	-	72	48.00
Advertisement	8	11.43	23	46.00	29	96.67	60	40.00
Residential senior community	6	8.57	11	22.00	1	3.33	18	12.00

Age group	80-89 years		90-99 years		≥100 years		Total
Total sample	140 eyes		100 eyes		60 eyes		300 eyes
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Anterior segment findings
Arcus senilis	88	62.86	80	80.00	58	96.67	226	75.33
Few lashes	86	61.43	96	96.00	36	60.00	218	72.67
Pterygium	4	2.86	6	6.00	6	10.00	16	5.33
Corneal transplant	4	2.86	2	2.00	0	0.00	6	2.00
Disorganized/absent globe^* * An 89-year-old female with phthisis bulbi in the right eye, and a 90-year-old female with ocular prosthesis in the right eye.	1	0.71	1	1.00	0	0.00	2	0.67
Vitreous touching cornea^ A 98-year-old female with vitreous in the anterior chamber (complication from previous cataract surgery without intraocular lens implantation).	0	0.00	1	1.00	0	0.00	1	0.33
Lens status
Cataract	105	75.00	58	58.00	36	60.00	199	66.33
Pseudophakic	26	18.57	38	38.00	18	30.00	82	27.33
Normal	7	5.00	2	2.00	1	1.66	10	3.33
Aphakic	1	0.71	0	0.00	5	8.33	6	2.00
Undetermined^* * An 89-year-old female with phthisis bulbi in the right eye, and a 90-year-old female with ocular prosthesis in the right eye.	1	0.71	1	1.00	0	0.00	2	0.67
Posterior segment findings
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)	90	64.29	90	90.00	60	100.00	240	80.00
AMD dry early/moderate form	80	57.14	74	74.00	42	70.00	196	65.33
AMD dry advanced form	6	4.29	16	16.00	16	26.67	38	12.67
AMD wet form	4	2.86	0	0.00	2	3.33	6	2.00
Hypertension retinopathy	14	10.00	12	12.00	14	23.33	40	13.33
Myopic degeneration	14	10.00	8	8.00	4	6.67	26	8.67
Diabetic retinopathy	0	0.00	2	2.00	0	0.00	2	0.67

	Mild (<20/30 to ≥20/60)			Moderate (≤20/60 to ≥20/200)			Severe (<20/200 to ≥20/400)			Blindness (<20/400)			Total
	80-89	90-99	≥100	80-89	90-99	≥100	80-89	90-99	≥100	80-89	90-99	≥100	Total
	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)
Cataract	13 ( 40.6)	7 ( 36.8)	1 ( 50.0)	8 ( 47.1)	9 ( 42.9)	6 ( 50.0)	1 ( 50.0)	2 ( 50.0)	2 (100.0)	3 ( 75.0)	2 ( 33.3)	3 ( 33.3)	57 ( 43.8)
Refractive error	15 ( 46.9)	3 ( 15.8)	-	5 ( 29.4)	4 ( 19.0)	-	1 ( 50.0)	-	-	-	-	-	28 ( 21.5)
AMD	3 ( 9.4)	6 ( 31.6)	-	1 ( 5.9)	3 ( 14.3)	4 ( 33.3)	-	1 ( 25.0)	-	-	2 ( 33.3)	3 ( 33.3)	23 ( 17.7)
Myopic degeneration	1 ( 3.1)	-	-	1 ( 5.9)	2 ( 9.5)	-	-	1 ( 25.0)	-	-	-	-	5 ( 3.8)
Maculopathy	-	1 ( 5.3)	-	1 ( 5.9)	-	1 ( 8.3)	-	-	-	-	1 ( 12.7)	-	4 ( 3.1)
Aphakia	-	-	-	-	-	1 ( 8.3)	-	-	-	-	1 ( 12.7)	1 ( 11.1)	3 ( 2.3)
Glaucoma	-	-	-	-	2 ( 9.5)	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 ( 11.1)	3 ( 2.3)
ODP	-	-	1 ( 50.0)	1 ( 5.9)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 ( 1.5)
Keratitis	-	1 ( 5.3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 ( 0.8)
PCO	-	1 ( 5.3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 ( 0.8)
DR	-	-	-	-	1 ( 4.8)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 ( 0.8)
CAO	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 ( 11.1)	1 ( 0.8)
CVO	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 ( 25.0)	-	-	1 ( 0.8)
Total	32 (100.0)	19 (100.0)	2 (100.0)	17 (100.0)	21 (100.0)	12 (100.0)	2 (100.0)	4 (100.0)	2 (100.0)	4 (100.0)	6 (100.0)	9 (100.0)	130 (100.0)

Domain	Normal		Mild visual impairment		Moderate visual impairment		Severe visual impairment		Blindness
Domain	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Physical functioning	73.49^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	21.20	55.80^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	28.51	50.89^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	25.93	33.33^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	24.22	34.69^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	30.08
Physical role limitation	72.09^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	45.39	56.25^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	49.75	70.54^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	45.67	16.67^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	40.82	31.25^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	47.87
Bodily pain	79.72	23.53	70.73^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	24.68	78.75^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	20.61	73.33^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	13.60	70.06^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	27.47
General health	76.05^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	19.01	67.86^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	14.93	68.25^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	17.56	68.83^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	18.13	58.56^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	22.41
Vitality	72.33^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	17.94	58.41^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	19.04	56.96^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	16.57	74.17^# # statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol # for the same domain.	13.93	46.25^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain. ^# # statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol # for the same domain.	25.00
Social role functioning	74.07^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	26.11	60.51^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	27.06	60.09^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	24.59	69.17^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	20.84	46.41^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	30.18
Emotional role functioning	65.89^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	47.41	51.52^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	50.04	59.52^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	49.16	33.33^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	51.64	18.75^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	40.31
Mental health	68.09^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	20.72	63.00^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	18.82	62.14^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	19.40	73.33^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	15.73	50.75^* * statistical significance determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test (P<0.05) for the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol *for the same domain.	19.80

Domain	Normal		Mild visual impairment		Moderate visual impairment		Severe visual impairment		Blindness
Domain	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
General health	56.98^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	24.60	40.34^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	20.33	25.00^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	22.57	33.33	20.41	12.50^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	15.81
General vision	83.72^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	15.89	68.18^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	21.27	59.29^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	19.99	53.33^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	20.66	36.25^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	16.68
Ocular pain	46.51^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	7.38	46.59	10.57	53.13	13.45	56.25	10.46	53.91	14.23
Distance activities	96.90^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	7.50	86.93⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	17.37	72.47^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	25.59	37.50^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	33.23	36.72^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	27.27
Social functioning	99.71^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	1.91	95.74⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	11.73	85.71^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	22.75	52.08^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	37.43	56.25^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	31.95
Mental health	92.44^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	10.07	85.09⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	15.85	70.09^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	22.97	58.33^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	26.12	38.67^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	25.13
Role difficulties	96.80^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	8.23	85.51⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	20.87	67.41^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	28.33	41.67^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	27.00	30.47^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	19.35
Dependency	98.64^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	4.79	88.83⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	18.23	77.08^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	28.20	52.78^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	35.22	38.54^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	25.07
Driving	90.00^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	13.69	50.00	39.53	25.00	50.00	NR	-	NR	-
Color vision	100.00^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	0.00	97.73⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	11.83	89.29^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	19.75	50.00^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	41.83	54.69^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	37.88
Peripheral vision	99.42^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	3.81	93.18⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	14.63	82.14^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	24.40	41.67^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	40.82	45.31^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ⁰ 0 (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; 0= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). ^# # (P<0.05) among the severe visual impairment category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; #= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test). SD= standard deviation; NR= no response; VFQ-25= visual function questionnaire.	40.02
Near activities	93.75^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	11.79	60.03^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	37.81	45.71^* * (P<0.05) among the normal visual acuity category when compared to each other is marked with the symbol; *= for the same domain (determined by post-hoc multiple comparison test).	36.92	NR	-	NR	-

[1] Corresponding author: Marcela Colussi Cypel. Rua Simão Álvares, 1.015 - São Paulo, SP - 05417-030 - Brazil - E-mail: macypel@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Visão, avaliação oftalmológica e qualidade de vida em longevos

RESUMO

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