Structural cementitious composites produced with fine recycled aggregate from concrete/ceramics wastes

Castro, Thiago Ewerton Cobra; Melo, Laura Viana de; Silva, Paulo Henrique Vaz; Almeida, Fernando do Couto Rosa

doi:10.1590/s1678-86212025000100825

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Special issue: the best papers of ENARC 2023 • Ambiente Construído 25 • Jan-Dec 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212025000100825 linkcopy

Structural cementitious composites produced with fine recycled aggregate from concrete/ceramics wastes

Compósitos cimentícios estruturais produzidos com agregado reciclado miúdo de resíduos de concreto/cerâmica

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This paper aims to evaluate selected properties of structural cementitious composites with fine recycled aggregate as a replacement of natural sand. Mortars were produced with mixed recycled aggregate (sourced from concrete/ceramics wastes) in contents up to 40%, without pre-wetting or additional water. Experimental investigation results were contrasted with updated literature in terms of consistency in fresh state, mechanical strength, porosity, water absorption, and shrinkage. The results showed that despite of 20% reduction in workability, compressive strength is not affected by incorporation of fine recycled aggregate, reaching values above 50 MPa at 28 days. The optimal content around 40% of fine recycled aggregate can keep porosity, water absorption and flexural strength at the same level of the reference sample. Drying and autogenous shrinkages are reduced up to 15% by the presence of fine recycled aggregate, which acts as internal curing agent for mortars with CP V-ARI and same water/cement ratio. Thus, new possibilities for pre-cast concrete and cementitious artefacts industries are indicated.

Keywords
Construction and demolition waste; Mortars; Fine recycled aggregate

Property	Value
Specific mass	2.97 g/cm³
Surface area (Blaine)	4.888 cm²/g
Initial setting time	143 min
Final setting time	179 min
Compressive strength at 7 days	41.2 MPa

Type of material	Composition (%)
Fragments of cementitious materials	50.26
Fragments of rocks	26.92
Fragments of clay-based ceramics	25.56
Others	0.26

Property	Natural sand	Recycled fine aggregate (CDW)
Water absorption (%)	1.84	9.99
Powder material content (< 75 μm) (%)	4.49	13.29
Maximum dimension (mm)	2.36	4.75
Fineness modulus	2.31	2.22
Density (dry condition) (g/cm³)	2.08	1.83
Density (saturated condition) (g/cm³)	2.12	2.02

Sample	Cement (kg/m³)	Natural sand (kg/m³)	Recycled sand (kg/m³)	Additive (kg/m³)	Water (kg/m³)	Total w/c ratio
CPV - R	579.68	1159.36	0	5.80	243.46	0.42
CPV - 20	579.68	927.48	204.07	5.80	243.46	0.42
CPV - 40	579.68	695.61	408.13	5.80	243.46	0.42

Sample	Flow values (mm)
CPV - R	175 ± 10
CPV - 20	145 ± 10
CPV - 40	140 ± 10

Article	Recycled aggregate source	Level of substitution	Compressive strength trend by increasing CDW content	Flexural strength trend by increasing CDW content
Dang et al. (2018)	Clay brick	0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%	Decreases at 25% and 75%, but increases at 50%	Increases at 25% and 50%, but decreases at 75%
Jesus et al. (2019)	Concrete	0%, 10%, 15% and 20%	Increases	Increases
Jesus et al. (2019)	Ceramic/Concrete	0%, 10%, 15% and 20%	Decreases	Decreases
Morón et al. (2021)	Ceramic/Concrete	0%, 100%	Decreases	Decreases
Mora-Ortiz et al. (2022)	Mortar/clay brick	0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80% and 100%	Decreases above 40%	-
Vaishnav and Trivedi (2022)	Concrete	0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%	Decreases	-
Wu, Wnag and Ma (2022)	Concrete	0%, 25%, 50% and 100%	Decreases	Decreases
Fang et al. (2021)	Concrete	0%, 50% and 100%	Decreases	-
Sun et al. (2021)	Concrete	0%, 100%	Similar	Increases

Article	Recycled aggregate source	Level of substitution	Additional water to compensate CDW absorption	Water absorption trend by increasing CDW content
Jesus et al. (2019)	Ceramic/Concrete	0%, 10%, 15% and 20%	No	Decreases
Letelier et al. (2021)	Concrete	0%, 15% and 30%	Yes	Increases
Morón et al., 2021)	Ceramic/Concrete	0%, 100%	Yes	Increases
Mora-Ortiz et al. (2022)	Mortar/clay brick	0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80% and 100%	Yes	Increases
Wu, Wang and Ma (2022)	Concrete	0%, 25%, 50% and 100%	Yes	Increases

Article	Recycled aggregate source	Level of substitution	Total amount of water in the mix compared to the reference mortar	Type of cement used	Shrinkage trend by increasing CDW content
Jesus et al. (2019)	Concrete	0%, 20%	Reduced	CEM II/ B-L 32.5 N	Increases
Jesus et al. (2019)	Ceramic/Concrete	0%, 15%	Reduced	CEM II/ B-L 32.5 N	Increases
Morón et al. (2021)	Ceramic/Concrete	0%, 100%	Increased	CEM IV/B 32.5 N	Increases
Wu, Wang and Ma (2022)	Concrete	0%, 25%, 50% and 100%	Increased	Cement with pozzolanic material	Increases

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