Ocorrência de aflatoxina em farelos de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) na região Paulista Nova, do estado de São Paulo

Fonseca, Homero

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761973000100031

Resumos

No presente trabalho foram estudadas, a ocorrência das aflatoxinas B e G, em 116 amostras de farelo de amendoim provenientes de 17 fábricas de óleo da região Paulista Nova, bem como uma possível correlação na produção de ambas. As amostras foram coletadas em quatro épocas, representando material proveniente da industrialização de duas safras distintas, a saber: março e maio - safra das "águas" e julho e setembro - safra da "seca". Dos resultados concluiu-se que: a) a incidência de aflatoxina foi geral na região, pois todas as amostras estavam tóxicas; b) o nível de toxidez encontrado foi elevado (valores de 0,1 a 20,0 ppm) sendo bem mais elevado na safra das "águas" - média de 5,50 ppm, contra 1,76 na "seca"; c) apenas 10,35% do material examinado estaria em condições de ser utilizado na alimentação animal; d) houve uma correlação fracamente positiva entre a produção das aflatoxinas B e G, estatisticamente significativa.

In the present work, the occurence of aflatoxins B and G as well as a possible correlation between both were studied in 116 samples of peanut flour from 17 oil mills of the region Paulista Nova, in the State of São Paulo. The samples were obtained in four collections representing material from two crops in two different seasons: March and May in the rainy season and July and September in the dry season. From the results it was concluded that: a) the occurence of aflatoxin was generalized in that region, for all the samples were toxic; b) the toxicity level was found to be very high (figures from 0.1 to 20.0 ppm) being much higher in the rainy season-average of 5.50 ppm - against 1.76 ppm in the dry season; c) it was considered that only 10.35% of the material examined could be utilized for admixturing in feedstuffs; d) it was found a weakly positive correlation in the production of the aflatoxins B and G.

Homero Fonseca

Professor de Disciplina, Departamento de Tecnologia Rural da ESALQ

RESUMO

No presente trabalho foram estudadas, a ocorrência das aflatoxinas B e G, em 116 amostras de farelo de amendoim provenientes de 17 fábricas de óleo da região Paulista Nova, bem como uma possível correlação na produção de ambas.

As amostras foram coletadas em quatro épocas, representando material proveniente da industrialização de duas safras distintas, a saber: março e maio safra das "águas" e julho e setembro safra da "seca".

Dos resultados concluiu-se que: a) a incidência de aflatoxina foi geral na região, pois todas as amostras estavam tóxicas; b) o nível de toxidez encontrado foi elevado (valores de 0,1 a 20,0 ppm) sendo bem mais elevado na safra das "águas" média de 5,50 ppm, contra 1,76 na "seca"; c) apenas 10,35% do material examinado estaria em condições de ser utilizado na alimentação animal; d) houve uma correlação fracamente positiva entre a produção das aflatoxinas B e G, estatisticamente significativa.

SUMMARY

In the present work, the occurence of aflatoxins B and G as well as a possible correlation between both were studied in 116 samples of peanut flour from 17 oil mills of the region Paulista Nova, in the State of São Paulo.

The samples were obtained in four collections representing material from two crops in two different seasons: March and May in the rainy season and July and September in the dry season.

From the results it was concluded that: a) the occurence of aflatoxin was generalized in that region, for all the samples were toxic; b) the toxicity level was found to be very high (figures from 0.1 to 20.0 ppm) being much higher in the rainy season-average of 5.50 ppm against 1.76 ppm in the dry season; c) it was considered that only 10.35% of the material examined could be utilized for admixturing in feedstuffs; d) it was found a weakly positive correlation in the production of the aflatoxins B and G.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

AGRADECIMENTOS

Agradecemos à FAPESP pelo auxílio financeiro concedido para a realização desta pesquisa e à UNICEF pelo auxílio em drogas e aparelhos. Agradecemos também ao prof. Roland Vencovsky e ao acadêmico de agronomia Isaias O. Geraldi pela execução das análises estatísticas.

LITERATURA CITADA

Entregue para publicação em 28/12/73.

ALLCROFT, R., H. ROGERS, G. LEWIS, J. NABNEY & P. E. BEST, 1966 Metabolism of aflatoxin in sheep: excretion of the milk toxin. Nature, 209 (5019): 154-155.
AMARAL, L. B. S., 1961 Torta de amendoim e morte de suínos. O Biológico, 27 (3): 63.
ANÔNIMO, 1969 Informationsdienst Futter und Fütterung. Ed. Fachverband der Futtermittelindustrie e. V., Hamburg.
ASHLEY, L. M., J. E. HALVER & G. N. WOGAN, 1964 Hepatoma and aflatoxicosis in trout. Fed Proc. 23: 105.
ASPLIN, F. D. & R. B. A. CARNAGHAN 1961 The toxicity of certain groundnut meals for poultry with special reference to their effect on ducklings and chickens. Vet. Rec, 73: 1215-1219.
BENNETT, C. A. & N. L. FRANKLIN, 1963 Statistical Analysis in Chemistry and the Chemical Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N. York, 724 pp.
BLOUNT, W. P., 1960 Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72 ( 38): 786.
BLOUNT, W. P., 1961 Turkey "X" disease. Turkeys, 9(2): 52, 55-58, 61, 67.
COOMES, T. J. & A. J. FEUELL, 1965 Recommended procedures for the detection of aflatoxin B₁ in groundnuts and groundnut materials. Trop. Prod. Inst. Report, n.ş G13. London, 24 pp.
CROWTHER, P. C., 1966 Report of the Produce Chemist, 4^th november 1965 4^th may 1966. The Laboratory, Dept. of Agriculture, Yundum Experimental Station, The GAMBIA. 15 pp.
De IONGH, H., R. O. VLES & J. G. Van PELT, 1964 Milk of mammals fed an aflatoxin containing diet. Nature, 202 : 466-467.
DUTTON, M. F. & J. G. HEATHCOTE, 1966 Two new aflatoxins. Biochem. J. 101: 21P-22P.
DUTTON, M. F. & J. G. HEATHCOTE,, 1969 - Some interesting relationship between the new aflatoxins and their associated metabolites. The J. South African Chem. Inst., XXII: 5107-5118.
LEE, W. V., 1965 Quantitative determination of aflatoxin in groundnut products. Analyst (Lond.) 90 (1070): 305-307.
LIM, H. K. & G. S. YEAP, 1966 The occurrence of aflatoxin in Malayan imported oil cakes and groundnut kernels. The Malaysian Agric. J., 45 (3): 232-244.
McDONALD, D. & J. A'BROOK, 1963 Growth of Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin in groundnuts. Part. III. Trop. Sci., 5 (4): 208-214.
McDONALD, D. & C., HARKNESS, 1963 Growth of Aspergillus flaims and production of aflatoxin in groundnuts. Part. II. Trop. Sci., 53 (3): 143-154.
MENESES, T. J. B., J. S. TANGO, F. A. S. COELHO & C. G. TEIXEIRA, 1966 Ocorrência do Aspergillus flavus e da aflatoxina em sementes e farelo de amendoim. Apresentado à XVIII Reunião Anual da S. B. P. C., Blumenau, S.C. 1966.
PEERS, F. C, 1965 Summary of the work done at-Vom (Northern Nigeria) on aflatoxin levels in grondnut flour and Arlac. Nutr. Docum. Aflatoxin/8. WHO/FAO/UNICEP P. A. G. 1965 Meeting, Rome.
RICHMOND. J. W., N. H. SUTCLIFFE, N. W. R. DANIELS, P. W. RUSSEL-EGGITT & J. B. M. COPPOCK, 1962a Factors other groundnut relating to "turkey X disease". Vet. Rec, 74 (18): 544-545.
RICHMOND, J. W., N. H. SUTCLIFFE, N. W. R. DANIELS, P. W. RUSSEL-EGGITT & J. B. M. COPPOCK, 1962b Factors other than groundnut in the production of aflatoxin. Vet. Rec, 74 (35) 962.
SARGEANT, K., A. SHERIDAN, J. O'KELLY & R. B. A. CARNAGHAN, 1961 Toxicity associated with certain samples of groundnuts. Nature, 192: 1096-1097.
SCHOENTAL, R., 1967 Aflatoxins. In: Annual Rev. Pharmac. 7: 343-356.
SELLSCHOP, J. P. F.,N. P. J. KRIE.K & J. C. G. du PREEZ, 1965 Distribution and degree of occurrence of aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Symp. Mycotoxins Foodstuffs, Agric. Aspects, Febr. 1965, Pretoria, South Africa: 9-17.
SNEDECOR, G. W., 1956 Statistical Methods. The Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa, EUA., 5Ş Ed., 534 pp.
STEEL, R. G. D. & J. H. TORRIE, 1960 Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc., N. York, 481 pp.
STEVENS, A. J., C. N. SAUNDERS, J. B. SPENCE & A. G. NEWHAM, 1960 Investigations into "diseases" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec. 72: (31) 627-628.
SWARBRICK, O., 1960 "Disease" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec. 72 (33): 671.
TANGO, J. S., T. J. B. MENEZES & C. G, TEIXEIRA, 1967 Levantamento da ocorrência da aflatoxina em sementes de amendoim nas safras das águas e da seca de 1965. Apresentado à XIX Reunião Anual da S. B. P. C., Rio de Janeiro, 1967.
TOURY, J., 1966 Rapport sur l'Operation Exagraf. In "Rapport sur les recherches effectuées sur l'aflatoxine au cours de l'année 1965 1966. O.R.A.N.A., Dakar, Senegal, 12 pp.
TROPICAL PRODUCTS INSTITUTE, 1962 — Aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Interpretation of physico-chemical and biological test results. T.P.I., Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres, 1 p.
WANNOP, C. C, 1960 Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72 (33): 671-672.
WILEY, J. R., 1960 "Disease" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72 (38): 786-787.
WOGAN, G. N., 1965 Experimental toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins. In "Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs". Ed. G. N. Wogan, The M. I. T. Press, Cambridge, Mass. EE.UU., p. 163-173.
ZUCKERMAN, A. J. & F. FULTON, 1966 Acute toxic effects of aflatoxin on human embryo liver cells in culture. Brit. Med. J: 2 90-91.

**Ocorrência de aflatoxina em farelos de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) na região Paulista Nova, do estado de São Paulo**

Occurrence of aflatoxin in peanut flour in the region Paulista Nova, in the state of São Paulo

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
29 Maio 2012
Data do Fascículo
1973

Histórico

Recebido
28 Dez 1973

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ALLCROFT, R., H. ROGERS, G. LEWIS, J. NABNEY & P. E. BEST, 1966 Metabolism of aflatoxin in sheep: excretion of the milk toxin. Nature, 209 (5019): 154-155.

[2] AMARAL, L. B. S., 1961 Torta de amendoim e morte de suínos. O Biológico, 27 (3): 63.

[3] ANÔNIMO, 1969 Informationsdienst Futter und Fütterung. Ed. Fachverband der Futtermittelindustrie e. V., Hamburg.

[4] ASHLEY, L. M., J. E. HALVER & G. N. WOGAN, 1964 Hepatoma and aflatoxicosis in trout. Fed Proc. 23: 105.

[5] ASPLIN, F. D. & R. B. A. CARNAGHAN 1961 The toxicity of certain groundnut meals for poultry with special reference to their effect on ducklings and chickens. Vet. Rec, 73: 1215-1219.

[6] BENNETT, C. A. & N. L. FRANKLIN, 1963 Statistical Analysis in Chemistry and the Chemical Industry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N. York, 724 pp.

[7] BLOUNT, W. P., 1960 Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72 ( 38): 786.

[8] BLOUNT, W. P., 1961 Turkey "X" disease. Turkeys, 9(2): 52, 55-58, 61, 67.

[9] COOMES, T. J. & A. J. FEUELL, 1965 Recommended procedures for the detection of aflatoxin B₁ in groundnuts and groundnut materials. Trop. Prod. Inst. Report, n.ş G13. London, 24 pp.

[10] CROWTHER, P. C., 1966 Report of the Produce Chemist, 4^th november 1965 4^th may 1966. The Laboratory, Dept. of Agriculture, Yundum Experimental Station, The GAMBIA. 15 pp.

[11] De IONGH, H., R. O. VLES & J. G. Van PELT, 1964 Milk of mammals fed an aflatoxin containing diet. Nature, 202 : 466-467.

[12] DUTTON, M. F. & J. G. HEATHCOTE, 1966 Two new aflatoxins. Biochem. J. 101: 21P-22P.

[13] DUTTON, M. F. & J. G. HEATHCOTE,, 1969 - Some interesting relationship between the new aflatoxins and their associated metabolites. The J. South African Chem. Inst., XXII: 5107-5118.

[14] LEE, W. V., 1965 Quantitative determination of aflatoxin in groundnut products. Analyst (Lond.) 90 (1070): 305-307.

[15] LIM, H. K. & G. S. YEAP, 1966 The occurrence of aflatoxin in Malayan imported oil cakes and groundnut kernels. The Malaysian Agric. J., 45 (3): 232-244.

[16] McDONALD, D. & J. A'BROOK, 1963 Growth of Aspergillus flavus and production of aflatoxin in groundnuts. Part. III. Trop. Sci., 5 (4): 208-214.

[17] McDONALD, D. & C., HARKNESS, 1963 Growth of Aspergillus flaims and production of aflatoxin in groundnuts. Part. II. Trop. Sci., 53 (3): 143-154.

[18] MENESES, T. J. B., J. S. TANGO, F. A. S. COELHO & C. G. TEIXEIRA, 1966 Ocorrência do Aspergillus flavus e da aflatoxina em sementes e farelo de amendoim. Apresentado à XVIII Reunião Anual da S. B. P. C., Blumenau, S.C. 1966.

[19] PEERS, F. C, 1965 Summary of the work done at-Vom (Northern Nigeria) on aflatoxin levels in grondnut flour and Arlac. Nutr. Docum. Aflatoxin/8. WHO/FAO/UNICEP P. A. G. 1965 Meeting, Rome.

[20] RICHMOND. J. W., N. H. SUTCLIFFE, N. W. R. DANIELS, P. W. RUSSEL-EGGITT & J. B. M. COPPOCK, 1962a Factors other groundnut relating to "turkey X disease". Vet. Rec, 74 (18): 544-545.

[21] RICHMOND, J. W., N. H. SUTCLIFFE, N. W. R. DANIELS, P. W. RUSSEL-EGGITT & J. B. M. COPPOCK, 1962b Factors other than groundnut in the production of aflatoxin. Vet. Rec, 74 (35) 962.

[22] SARGEANT, K., A. SHERIDAN, J. O'KELLY & R. B. A. CARNAGHAN, 1961 Toxicity associated with certain samples of groundnuts. Nature, 192: 1096-1097.

[23] SCHOENTAL, R., 1967 Aflatoxins. In: Annual Rev. Pharmac. 7: 343-356.

[24] SELLSCHOP, J. P. F.,N. P. J. KRIE.K & J. C. G. du PREEZ, 1965 Distribution and degree of occurrence of aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Symp. Mycotoxins Foodstuffs, Agric. Aspects, Febr. 1965, Pretoria, South Africa: 9-17.

[25] SNEDECOR, G. W., 1956 Statistical Methods. The Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa, EUA., 5Ş Ed., 534 pp.

[26] STEEL, R. G. D. & J. H. TORRIE, 1960 Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc., N. York, 481 pp.

[27] STEVENS, A. J., C. N. SAUNDERS, J. B. SPENCE & A. G. NEWHAM, 1960 Investigations into "diseases" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec. 72: (31) 627-628.

[28] SWARBRICK, O., 1960 "Disease" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec. 72 (33): 671.

[29] TANGO, J. S., T. J. B. MENEZES & C. G, TEIXEIRA, 1967 Levantamento da ocorrência da aflatoxina em sementes de amendoim nas safras das águas e da seca de 1965. Apresentado à XIX Reunião Anual da S. B. P. C., Rio de Janeiro, 1967.

[30] TOURY, J., 1966 Rapport sur l'Operation Exagraf. In "Rapport sur les recherches effectuées sur l'aflatoxine au cours de l'année 1965 1966. O.R.A.N.A., Dakar, Senegal, 12 pp.

[31] TROPICAL PRODUCTS INSTITUTE, 1962 — Aflatoxin in groundnuts and groundnut products. Interpretation of physico-chemical and biological test results. T.P.I., Ministry of Overseas Development, Londres, 1 p.

[32] WANNOP, C. C, 1960 Disease of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72 (33): 671-672.

[33] WILEY, J. R., 1960 "Disease" of turkey poults. Vet. Rec, 72 (38): 786-787.

[34] WOGAN, G. N., 1965 Experimental toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins. In "Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs". Ed. G. N. Wogan, The M. I. T. Press, Cambridge, Mass. EE.UU., p. 163-173.

[35] ZUCKERMAN, A. J. & F. FULTON, 1966 Acute toxic effects of aflatoxin on human embryo liver cells in culture. Brit. Med. J: 2 90-91.

Brasil