Efeitos da nutrição mineral sobre o crescimento, aspecto, composição elementar e fixação de nitrogênio em Azolla

Malavolta, E.; Ruschel, A.P.; Medeiros, A.A.; Veiga, C.L.; Sturion, A.C.; Krug, F.J.; Escobar, L.A.; Igarashi, L.; Accorsi, W. R.; Barros, M.A.A.; Silva, A.C. da; Carvalho, J.G.; Bellote, A.F.J.; Carriel, J.M.; Geraldi, R.N.; Eimori, I.

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761978000100005

Resumos

Azolla filiculoides Lam foi cultivado em solução nutritiva arejada, sempre desprovida de N combinado, sendo submetida aos seguintes tratamentos: omissão de P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe e Mo, excesso de Mn e Al. As plantas foram colhidas depois de 3 semanas da inoculação. Verificou-se que as deficiências de P, K, Ca e Mg provocaram diminuição na produção de matéria seca e na atividade de nitrogenase. A análise mineral mostrou que: a falta de um elemento provoca redução no seu teor; grande acumulo de Mo; diminuição no teor de Al (do inóculo ou contaminação) no tratamento menos S que garantiu o maior crescimento; efeitos inibitórios ou sinergísticos semelhantes aos descritos no caso de plantas superiores. A toxidez de Al e Mn causou, principalmente a primeira, redução no crescimento e na atividade da nitrogenase. Houve correlações positivas entre: N total e crescimento, atividade de nitrogenase e N total.

The mineral nutrition of Azolla feliculoides Lam was studied in solutions deficient in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and molybdenum, and in excess of Mn and Al. Dry weight, N2 fixation and mineral composition of Azolla were determined after 3 weeks. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium deficiencies and excess of manganese and aluminium decressed growth severely and also depressed the activity of nitrogenase. Phosphorus deficiency improved the uptake of iron and zinc. Potassium deficiency increased the levels of phosphorus in dry matter. Magnesium deficiency caused lower uptake of K and better uptake of Ca, Fe and Mn. Sulfur deficiency reduced aluminium uptake and promoted the best growth. Positive correlations were found between: N content and dry matter, nitrogenase activity and N content.

Efeitos da nutrição mineral sobre o crescimento, aspecto, composição elementar e fixação de nitrogênio em Azolla^* * Com ajuda da CNEN, BNDE e FAPESP.

Effects on the mineral nutrition on growth, morphology, composition and nitrogen fixation of Azolla

E. Malavolta^I; A.P. Ruschel^III; A.A. Medeiros^IV; C.L. Veiga^IV; A.C. Sturion^IV; F.J. Krug^IV; L.A. Escobar^IV; L. Igarashi^V; W. R. Accorsi^II; M.A.A. Barros^II; A.C. da Silva^IV; J.G. Carvalho^IV; A.F.J. Bellote^IV; J.M. Carriel^IV; R.N. Geraldi^IV; I. Eimori^V

^IDepartamento de Química e CENA, E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP

^IIDep. de Botânica, E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz", USP

^IIICentro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura - CENA

^IVEstudantes de pós graduação

^VBolsistas de iniciação científica

RESUMO

Azolla filiculoides Lam foi cultivado em solução nutritiva arejada, sempre desprovida de N combinado, sendo submetida aos seguintes tratamentos: omissão de P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe e Mo, excesso de Mn e Al. As plantas foram colhidas depois de 3 semanas da inoculação. Verificou-se que as deficiências de P, K, Ca e Mg provocaram diminuição na produção de matéria seca e na atividade de nitrogenase. A análise mineral mostrou que: a falta de um elemento provoca redução no seu teor; grande acumulo de Mo; diminuição no teor de Al (do inóculo ou contaminação) no tratamento menos S que garantiu o maior crescimento; efeitos inibitórios ou sinergísticos semelhantes aos descritos no caso de plantas superiores. A toxidez de Al e Mn causou, principalmente a primeira, redução no crescimento e na atividade da nitrogenase. Houve correlações positivas entre: N total e crescimento, atividade de nitrogenase e N total.

SUMMARY

The mineral nutrition of Azolla feliculoides Lam was studied in solutions deficient in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and molybdenum, and in excess of Mn and Al. Dry weight, N₂ fixation and mineral composition of Azolla were determined after 3 weeks.

Phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium deficiencies and excess of manganese and aluminium decressed growth severely and also depressed the activity of nitrogenase.

Phosphorus deficiency improved the uptake of iron and zinc. Potassium deficiency increased the levels of phosphorus in dry matter.

Magnesium deficiency caused lower uptake of K and better uptake of Ca, Fe and Mn.

Sulfur deficiency reduced aluminium uptake and promoted the best growth.

Positive correlations were found between: N content and dry matter, nitrogenase activity and N content.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido em 19/09/1978.

BECKING, J.H;., 1976. Nitrogen fixation in some natural ecosystems in Indonesia. In: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants (Nutman, P.S., Editor) International Biological Programme nş 7, 539-550. Institute for Atomic Science in Agriculture.
BONDE, G., 1968. Some biological aspects of nitrogen fixation. In: Recent aspects of nitrogen metabolism in Plant (HEWITT, E.J. and C.V. CUTTING, editores) Academic Press. London. 15-25.
BURRIS, R.H., 1972. Nitrogen fixation assay methods techniques. Methods in Enzymology, New York, 24: 415-431.
BURRIS, R.H., 1974. Methodology. In: The biology of nitrogen fixation (A. Quispel, editor). North Holand Publishing Company Amsterdan.
IRRI - International Rigg Research Institute, Soil Fertility Management Section. Biological fixation in rice field. Annual report for 1976. IRRI. Los Baños, Philippine.
LEHNINGER, A.L., 1976. Biochemistry. Worth Publishers, Inc.
MALAVOLTA, E., 1976. Manual de Química Agrícola. Editora Agronômica Ceres Ltda. S. Paulo.
MOORE, A.W., 1969. Azolla. Biology and agronomic significance Bot. Rev. 35: 17-34.
MULDER, E.G.; BROTONEGRO, S., 1974. Free living heterotroph heterotrophic bacteria. In: The biology of nitrogen fixation (A. Quispel, editor) - North Holnad Publishing Company, Amsterdan.
NEILSON, A.; RIPPKA; KUNISAWA, R., 1971. Heterocyst formation and nitrogenase synthesis in Anabaena sp. Archiv. Mikrobiol. 17: 139-150.
NFSA - THE NATIONAL SOLUTIONS ASSOCIATIONS, 1971. Micronutrients. A new dimension in agriculture National Fertilizer solutions Association - Illinois.
NUTMAN, P.S., 1971. Perspective in Biological nitrogen fixation Sc. Porg. Oxf. 59: 55-74.
PETERS, G.A.; TOIA JR., R.E.; LOUGH, S.M., 1977. Azolla -Anabaena azolae relationships. V. ¹⁵N₂ fixation, acetylene reduction and H₂ production. Plant Physiol. 59: 1021-1025.
POSTGATE, J., 1974. Pre requisites for biological nitrogen fixation in free living heterotrophic bacteria. In: The biology of nitrogen fixation (A. Quispel, editor). North Holand Publiching Company, Amsterdan.
STEWART, T.W.D.P.; FITZGERALD, G.P.; BURRIS, R.H., 1967. Acetylene Reduction by nitrogen-fixing blue green algae, Archiv fur Mikroliologie 62: 336-348.
VENKATARAMAN, G.S., 1961. Studies on nitrogen fixation by bleu green algae. III Nitrogen fixation by anabaena azollae. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 32: 22-23.
WATANABE, I.; ESPINAS, C.R.; ERJA, N.S.B.; ALIMASNO, V.B., 1977. The utilization of the Azolla. Anabaena complex as a nitrogen fertilizer for rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.

*

Com ajuda da CNEN, BNDE e FAPESP.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Maio 2012
Data do Fascículo
1978

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BECKING, J.H;., 1976. Nitrogen fixation in some natural ecosystems in Indonesia. In: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants (Nutman, P.S., Editor) International Biological Programme nş 7, 539-550. Institute for Atomic Science in Agriculture.

[2] BONDE, G., 1968. Some biological aspects of nitrogen fixation. In: Recent aspects of nitrogen metabolism in Plant (HEWITT, E.J. and C.V. CUTTING, editores) Academic Press. London. 15-25.

[3] BURRIS, R.H., 1972. Nitrogen fixation assay methods techniques. Methods in Enzymology, New York, 24: 415-431.

[4] BURRIS, R.H., 1974. Methodology. In: The biology of nitrogen fixation (A. Quispel, editor). North Holand Publishing Company Amsterdan.

[5] IRRI - International Rigg Research Institute, Soil Fertility Management Section. Biological fixation in rice field. Annual report for 1976. IRRI. Los Baños, Philippine.

[6] LEHNINGER, A.L., 1976. Biochemistry. Worth Publishers, Inc.

[7] MALAVOLTA, E., 1976. Manual de Química Agrícola. Editora Agronômica Ceres Ltda. S. Paulo.

[8] MOORE, A.W., 1969. Azolla. Biology and agronomic significance Bot. Rev. 35: 17-34.

[9] MULDER, E.G.; BROTONEGRO, S., 1974. Free living heterotroph heterotrophic bacteria. In: The biology of nitrogen fixation (A. Quispel, editor) - North Holnad Publishing Company, Amsterdan.

[10] NEILSON, A.; RIPPKA; KUNISAWA, R., 1971. Heterocyst formation and nitrogenase synthesis in Anabaena sp. Archiv. Mikrobiol. 17: 139-150.

[11] NFSA - THE NATIONAL SOLUTIONS ASSOCIATIONS, 1971. Micronutrients. A new dimension in agriculture National Fertilizer solutions Association - Illinois.

[12] NUTMAN, P.S., 1971. Perspective in Biological nitrogen fixation Sc. Porg. Oxf. 59: 55-74.

[13] PETERS, G.A.; TOIA JR., R.E.; LOUGH, S.M., 1977. Azolla -Anabaena azolae relationships. V. ¹⁵N₂ fixation, acetylene reduction and H₂ production. Plant Physiol. 59: 1021-1025.

[14] POSTGATE, J., 1974. Pre requisites for biological nitrogen fixation in free living heterotrophic bacteria. In: The biology of nitrogen fixation (A. Quispel, editor). North Holand Publiching Company, Amsterdan.

[15] STEWART, T.W.D.P.; FITZGERALD, G.P.; BURRIS, R.H., 1967. Acetylene Reduction by nitrogen-fixing blue green algae, Archiv fur Mikroliologie 62: 336-348.

[16] VENKATARAMAN, G.S., 1961. Studies on nitrogen fixation by bleu green algae. III Nitrogen fixation by anabaena azollae. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 32: 22-23.

[17] WATANABE, I.; ESPINAS, C.R.; ERJA, N.S.B.; ALIMASNO, V.B., 1977. The utilization of the Azolla. Anabaena complex as a nitrogen fertilizer for rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.

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Efeitos da nutrição mineral sobre o crescimento, aspecto, composição elementar e fixação de nitrogênio em Azolla

Effects on the mineral nutrition on growth, morphology, composition and nitrogen fixation of Azolla

Resumos

Datas de Publicação