Efeito da matéria orgânica e de um inibidor da nitrificação na absorção de 15NH4 e 15NO3 pelo milho

Saito, Siu Mui Tsai; Neptune, André Martin Louis

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761976000100060

Resumos

O presente experimento, conduzido em casa de vegetação, teve como objetivo verificar o efeito das formas 15NH4 e 15NO3 em presença ou ausência de matéria orgânica e de um inibidor da nitrificação "AM" (2-amino-4-cloro-6-metil-pirimidina) na produção de massa e no teor de nitrogênio na planta proveniente do solo e do fertilizante. A planta indicadora, foi o milho híbrido Centralmex. Os adubos (15NH4)2SO4 e Na15NO3, foram adicionados em dois níveis: 40 e 120 kg N/ha, sendo o primeiro com 1,02% de 15N em excesso e o segundo com 1,48% de 15N em excesso. Três solos de características físicas e químicas diferentes foram usados: Regossol "intergrade", Latossol Roxo e Podzolizado de Lins e Marília var. Marília. Pelos resultados obtidos, a forma nítrica apresentou melhor efeito na absorção de nitrogênio do que a forma amoniacal, quando ambas as formas estavam em presença da matéria orgânica. A presença da matéria orgânica contribui para aumentar o aproveitamento do fertilizante nos solos Regossol e Podzolizado, não apresentando porém efeito significativo no Latossol Roxo. O inibidor da nitrificação "AM" não foi efetivo nem para a produção de matéria seca, nem aumentou a eficiência do fertilizante. Há evidências também de que a presença da matéria orgânica contribui para um aumento no Valor "A" do Latossol Roxo e Podzolizado, não acontecendo porém para o Regossol, pois o uso apenas do nitrato superou os tratamentos com matéria orgânica e "AM". A forma amoniacal do fertilizante foi superior à nítrica somente no Latossol Roxo, no aumento da disponibilidade do nitrogênio existente no solo. Os altos Valores "A" obtidos no experimento podem ser atribuídos, em parte, ao curto período do experimento. Ele pode pois, não exprimir o potencial nutritivo real do nitrogênio do solo.

The present experiment, carried out in greenhouse, had the aim to verify the effect of the forms 15NH4 and 15NO3 in presence or absence of organic matter and of the nitrification inhibitor "AM" (2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyil-pyrimidme) in dry matter weight and nitrogen content of the plant derived from soil and from fertilizer. The test plant was the hibrid maize Centralmex. The fertilizers (15NH4)2SO4 and Na15NO3, were added in two levels: 40 and 120 kg N/ha, with 1,02% of 15N and 1,4% of 15N in excess, respectively. Three soils of different physical and chemical characteristics were used: Regossol «intergrade", Latossol Roxo and Podzolizado de Lins e Marília var. Marília. The results showed a better effect of the nitrate form, mainly in the presence of the organic matter, on the absorption of nitrogen by the plants. The presence of organic matter contributed to increase the use of the nitrogen fertilizer in the soils Regossol and Podzolizado, but did not show any significative effect in the Latossol Roxo. The nitrification inhibitor "AM" was neither effective on dry matter weight nor increased the efficiency of the fertilizer. There are also evidences that the presence of the organic matter increased the "A" Value of Latossol Roxo and Podzolizado, but this did not happen in the Regossol, because in this soil, the use of nitrate form alone was better than the treatments with organic mater and "AM". The high "A" Values obtained in the experiment can be attributed, in part, to the short period of the experiment, The "A" Value may not express the real nutritive potential of the soil nitrogen.

Efeito da matéria orgânica e de um inibidor da nitrificação na absorção de ¹⁵NH₄ e ¹⁵NO₃ pelo milho^* * Trabalho realizado com o auxílio da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear.

Effect of organic matter and of a nitrification inhibitor "AM" on the uptake of ¹⁵NH₄ and ¹⁵NO₃ by maize

Siu Mui Tsai Saito^I; André Martin Louis Neptune^II

^IPesquisador do Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA) ESALQ, "USP

^IIDepartamento de Solos e Geologia e Divisão de Ciências do Solo do Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura - ESALQ, USP

RESUMO

O presente experimento, conduzido em casa de vegetação, teve como objetivo verificar o efeito das formas ¹⁵NH₄ e ¹⁵NO₃ em presença ou ausência de matéria orgânica e de um inibidor da nitrificação "AM" (2-amino-4-cloro-6-metil-pirimidina) na produção de massa e no teor de nitrogênio na planta proveniente do solo e do fertilizante. A planta indicadora, foi o milho híbrido Centralmex.

Os adubos (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ e Na¹⁵NO₃, foram adicionados em dois níveis: 40 e 120 kg N/ha, sendo o primeiro com 1,02% de ¹⁵N em excesso e o segundo com 1,48% de ¹⁵N em excesso.

Três solos de características físicas e químicas diferentes foram usados: Regossol "intergrade", Latossol Roxo e Podzolizado de Lins e Marília var. Marília.

Pelos resultados obtidos, a forma nítrica apresentou melhor efeito na absorção de nitrogênio do que a forma amoniacal, quando ambas as formas estavam em presença da matéria orgânica.

A presença da matéria orgânica contribui para aumentar o aproveitamento do fertilizante nos solos Regossol e Podzolizado, não apresentando porém efeito significativo no Latossol Roxo.

O inibidor da nitrificação "AM" não foi efetivo nem para a produção de matéria seca, nem aumentou a eficiência do fertilizante.

Há evidências também de que a presença da matéria orgânica contribui para um aumento no Valor "A" do Latossol Roxo e Podzolizado, não acontecendo porém para o Regossol, pois o uso apenas do nitrato superou os tratamentos com matéria orgânica e "AM".

A forma amoniacal do fertilizante foi superior à nítrica somente no Latossol Roxo, no aumento da disponibilidade do nitrogênio existente no solo.

Os altos Valores "A" obtidos no experimento podem ser atribuídos, em parte, ao curto período do experimento. Ele pode pois, não exprimir o potencial nutritivo real do nitrogênio do solo.

SUMMARY

The present experiment, carried out in greenhouse, had the aim to verify the effect of the forms ¹⁵NH₄ and ¹⁵NO₃ in presence or absence of organic matter and of the nitrification inhibitor "AM" (2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyil-pyrimidme) in dry matter weight and nitrogen content of the plant derived from soil and from fertilizer. The test plant was the hibrid maize Centralmex.

The fertilizers (¹⁵NH₄)₂SO₄ and Na¹⁵NO₃, were added in two levels: 40 and 120 kg N/ha, with 1,02% of ¹⁵N and 1,4% of ¹⁵N in excess, respectively.

Three soils of different physical and chemical characteristics were used: Regossol «intergrade", Latossol Roxo and Podzolizado de Lins e Marília var. Marília.

The results showed a better effect of the nitrate form, mainly in the presence of the organic matter, on the absorption of nitrogen by the plants.

The presence of organic matter contributed to increase the use of the nitrogen fertilizer in the soils Regossol and Podzolizado, but did not show any significative effect in the Latossol Roxo.

The nitrification inhibitor "AM" was neither effective on dry matter weight nor increased the efficiency of the fertilizer.

There are also evidences that the presence of the organic matter increased the "A" Value of Latossol Roxo and Podzolizado, but this did not happen in the Regossol, because in this soil, the use of nitrate form alone was better than the treatments with organic mater and "AM".

The high "A" Values obtained in the experiment can be attributed, in part, to the short period of the experiment, The "A" Value may not express the real nutritive potential of the soil nitrogen.

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Entregue para publicação em 30.12.1976.

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ZSOLDOS, F., 1971. Amnion ium and nitrate ion uptake by plants. IAEA - PL - 341/7: 81-89.

*

Trabalho realizado com o auxílio da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
29 Maio 2012
Data do Fascículo
1976

Histórico

Recebido
30 Dez 1976

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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Brasil

Brasil

Efeito da matéria orgânica e de um inibidor da nitrificação na absorção de 15NH4 e 15NO3 pelo milho

Effect of organic matter and of a nitrification inhibitor "AM" on the uptake of 15NH4 and 15NO3 by maize

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