ABSTRACT:
The objective of this research was to evaluate the response of wheat plants to the application of possible elicitor compounds against Bipolaris sorokiniana pathogen. This response was measured through the quantification of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde and flavonoids, evaluation of the severity of brown spot disease and productivity in wheat, greenhouse and field crops. The treatments consisted of suspensions of endophytic fungi Aspergillus japonicus and Trichoderma tomentosum, salicylic acid, acibenzolar-S-methyl and fungicide. In the field trials, in 2015 and 2016, the development of the disease was lower and productivity was higher in all treatments, with emphasis on the fungicide. However, endophytic fungi suspensions demonstrated potential as growth promoters, disease severity reducers and protective antioxidant response activators, as they promoted significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and flavonoid enzymes.
KEYWORDS:
Bipolaris sorokiniana; catalase; ascorbate; glutathione; flavonoids
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Averages followed by distinct letters between treatments differ by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level; bars indicate standard average deviation; T1: suspension of Aspergillus japonicas; T2: suspension of Trichoderma tomentosum; T3: salicylic acid; T4: acibenzolar-s-methyl; T5: fungicide (Azoxystrobin with Tebuconazole); T6: application of sterilized distilled water and with inoculum of Bipolaris sorokiniana; T7: without any application.
Averages followed by distinct letters between treatments differ by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level; T1: suspension of Aspergillus japonicas; T2: suspension of Trichoderma tomentosum; T3: salicylic acid; T4: acibenzolar-s-methyl; T5: fungicide (Azoxystrobin with Tebuconazole); T6: application of sterile distilled water with inoculum of Bipolaris sorokiniana; T7: without any application.
Averages followed by distinct letters between treatments differ by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level; T1: suspension of Aspergillus japonicas; T2: suspension of Trichoderma tomentosum; T3: salicylic acid; T4: acibenzolar-s-methyl; T5: fungicide (Azoxystrobin with Tebuconazole); T6: application of sterile distilled water with inoculum of Bipolaris sorokiniana; T7: without any application.
Averages followed by distinct letters between treatments differ by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level; T1: suspension of Aspergillus japonicas; T2: suspension of Trichoderma tomentosum; T3: salicylic acid; T4: acibenzolar-s-methyl; T5: fungicide (Azoxystrobin with Tebuconazole); T6: application of sterile distilled water with inoculum of Bipolaris sorokiniana; T7: without any application.
Averages followed by distinct letters between treatments differ by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level; T1: suspension of Aspergillus japonicas; T2: suspension of Trichoderma tomentosum; T3: salicylic acid; T4: acibenzolar-s-methyl; T5: fungicide (Azoxystrobin with Tebuconazole); T6: application of sterile distilled water with inoculum of Bipolaris sorokiniana; T7: without any application.
Averages followed by distinct letters between treatments differ by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level; T1: suspension of Aspergillus japonicas; T2: suspension of Trichoderma tomentosum; T3: salicylic acid; T4: acibenzolar-s-methyl; T5: fungicide (Azoxystrobin with Tebuconazole); T6: application of sterile distilled water with inoculum of Bipolaris sorokiniana; T7: without any application.