Temporal coherence of physical, chemical and biological variables in four tropical lakes (Minas Gerais, Brazil)

Bezerra, Mariana Peifer; Barbosa, Pedro Maia; Barbosa, Francisco Antônio Rodrigues; Bezerra Neto, José Fernandes

doi:10.1590/S2179-975X6716

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Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia

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Sumário

Original Article • Acta Limnol. Bras. 29 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X6716 copy

Temporal coherence of physical, chemical and biological variables in four tropical lakes (Minas Gerais, Brazil)

Coerência temporal de variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas em quatro lagos tropicais (Minas Gerais, Brasil)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of temporal coherence of limnological variables and pairs of lakes considering four tropical lakes of the Rio Doce State Park, using monthly data from the Long-Term Ecological Research Program (LTER) between the years of 2004 to 2009.

Methods

Subsurface data (0.5 meters) from the Carioca, Dom Helvécio, Gambazinho, and Jacaré Lakes were used in the analysis. We estimated the temporal coherence from the creation of time series for each of the variables. Through these series, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient between all pairs of lakes (N=6) and performed the average. We also analyzed the correlation between the temporal coherence found for the different pairs of lakes and two predictors of spatial patterns: proximity and exposure to climatic factors. The spatial proximity of the lake pairs was calculated in kilometers, and the exposure to climatic factors was estimated using two metrics: surface area and surface area/mean depth ratio.

Results

The largest temporal coherence levels were recorded for water temperature (0.97), pH (0.78), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (0.74). The lowest levels were found for chlorophyll-a (0.25) and phytoplankton richness (-0.02). The average temporal coherence was 0.58. Different from other studies, no significant correlation was found between the synchronicity of the lake pairs and the differences in their exposure to climatic factors. Also, no relation was found with the spatial proximity.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the existence of temporal coherence in tropical lakes to compatible levels with those found in temperate regions. Our work contributes to the knowledge of how synchronicity works at different set of lakes and climatic regions.

Keywords:
synchronicity; temporal coherence; spatial heterogeneity; tropical lakes

Lake	Latitude	Longitude	A (Km²)	Trophic status	Zmax (m)	z̅ (m)	Circulation patterns	A: z̅ (mx10⁴)
Carioca	19°45’S	42°37’W	0.14	Mesotrophic	11.8	4.76	Warm- monomictic	2.9
Dom Helvécio	19°46’S	42°35’W	5.27	Oligo-mesotrophic	39.2	11.3	Warm-monomictic	46.6
Gambazinho	19°47’S	42°34’W	0.09	Oligotrophic	10.3	4.56	Polimictic	2
Jacaré	19°48’S	42°38’W	1.20	Oligo-mesotrophic	9.4	3.6	Warm-monomictic	33.8

Type of variable	Variable	Units	Length of record (years)
Physical	Water temperature	°C	6
	Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)	mg/L	4.5
	Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM)	m^-1	3.5
	Dissolved oxygen	mg/L	6
Chemical	pH		6
	Total phosphorus	µg/L	4.5
	Total nitrogen	µg/L	4.5
Biological	Chlorophyll-a	µg/L	6
Biological	Phytoplankton richness		4

Variable	Lake
	Carioca			Dom Helvécio			Gambazinho			Jacaré
	Mean	Range	N	Mean	Range	N	Mean	Range	N	Mean	Range	N
Water temperature	27.4	21.9-32	71	28.1	23.5-31.8	70	28.7	22.9-33	72	27.6	22.4-32	69
DOC	6.3	6.0-12.0	49	5.2	1.3-13.2	49	4.6	2.2-11.5	45	6.1	2.1-14.1	47
CDOM	6.3	3.6-10.1	38	3.1	1.3-5.8	40	2.5	1.0-4.7	39	4.3	2.4-8.8	40
Dissolved oxygen	8.6	1.3-20	70	8.8	2.8-18.8	70	8.1	2.2-11.7	72	8.2	0.5-16.5	71
pH	6.2	4.6-9.8	70	6.3	4.8-8.5	70	6.1	2.6-9.5	72	6.3	4.7-9.3	71
Total phosphorus	18	7.8-39.3	52	15.4	5.5-41.3	52	13.7	2.9-34.6	51	19.5	6.8-50.1	51
Total nitrogen	432	48-1642.6	52	408	95.5-914.5	52	334	34.9-765.6	53	400.9	51-1310.2	51
Chlorophyll-a	29.3	7-80.2	68	14	0.8-31	68	15.2	4.3-41.4	69	16.3	5.9-37.4	68
Phytoplankton richness	24	7.0-37	46	27	11.0-45	47	10	4.0-35	46	22	3.0-44	44

Variable	Pairs of lakes												N
	Car/Dom		Car/Gamb		Car/Jac		Dom/Gamb		Dom/Jac		Gamb/Jac
	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p
Water temperature	0.96	<0.001	0.97	<0.001	0.97	<0.001	0.98	<0.001	0.97	<0.001	0.98	<0.001	67
DOC	0.7	<0.001	0.74	<0.001	0.79	<0.001	0.65	<0.001	0.76	<0.001	0.78	<0.001	38
CDOM	0.73	<0.001	0.45	<0.05	0.59	<0.001	0.51	<0.05	0.62	<0.001	0.44	<0.05	36
Dissolved oxygen	0.84	<0.001	0.64	<0.001	0.59	<0.001	0.8	<0.001	0.76	<0.001	0.77	<0.001	68
pH	0.75	<0.001	0.72	<0.001	0.79	<0.001	0.77	<0.001	0.81	<0.001	0.84	<0.001	68
Total phosphurus	0.42	<0.05	0.46	<0.05	0.36	<0.05	0.74	<0.001	0.54	<0.001	0.58	<0.001	47
Total nitrogen	0.62	<0.001	0.76	<0.001	0.65	<0.001	0.7	<0.001	0.59	<0.001	0.77	<0.001	50
Chlorophyll-a	0.15	NS	0.65	<0.001	0.09	NS	0.28	<0.05	0.24	<0.05	0.07	NS	66
Phytoplankton richness	-0.12	NS	0.27	NS	0	NS	-0.05	NS	0	NS	-0.2	NS	39

Variable	Temporal coherence
Water temperature	0.97
pH	0.78
DOC	0.74
Dissolved oxygen	0.73
TN	0.68
CDOM	0.56
TP	0.52
Chl-a	0.25
Phytoplankton richness	-0.02

Pairs of lake	Temporal coherence
Carioca – Gambazinho	0.63
Dom Helvécio – Jacaré	0.61
Dom Helvécio – Gambazinho	0.60
Carioca – Dom Helvécio	0.56
Gambazinho – Jacaré	0.56
Carioca – Jacaré	0.54

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