Mercury bioaccumulation in fishes of a paddy field in Southern of Brazil

Kütter, Vinicius Tavares; Kütter, Mateus Tavares; Silva-Filho, Emmanoel Vieira; Marques, Eduardo Duarte; Gomes, Olga Venimar de Oliveira; Mirlean, Nicolai

doi:10.1590/S2179-975X5314

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Articles • Acta Limnol. Bras. 27 (2) • June 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X5314 linkcopy

Mercury bioaccumulation in fishes of a paddy field in Southern of Brazil

Bioacumulação de mercúrio em peixes em uma lavoura de arroz no Sul do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstracts

Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate the Hg concentration in two species of fish (Astyanax sp and Corydoras paleatus) and its potential use as a biomonitor, in order to know if the use of pesticides and fertilizers in paddy can enhance the Hg contamination to adjacent aquatic environment.

Methods Soil, suspended particulate matter and fish samples were sampled in a paddy field in South Brazil_. A cold vapor system, coupled with a GBC 932 atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for total Hg determinations in samples.

Results The paddy soil shows Hg concentration 2-fold higher (mean 31 ng g^-1) in comparison to background areas (not cultivated). Suspended particle matter Hg concentration in paddy channels (mean 232.5 ± 44.2 ng g^–1) are 1.5 times higher than the regional background. The analyzed fish specimens Astyanax sp in paddy showed Hg concentration 4-fold higher and significant different to background area. The mean Hg concentration in fish was: 51.7 ± 19.5 ng g^–1 in Astyanax sp and 156.8 ± 44.0 ng g^–1 in Corydoras paleatus.

Conclusions Considering the linear regression and Man whitney test hypothesis to Hg concentration in fish tissue from paddy suggests that Astyanax sp. can be a good biomonitor of Hg contamination, whereas Corydoras paleatus is a potential biomonitor. However, more studies with Corydoras are necessary in order to aggregate consistency to this hypothesis.

biomonitoring; fish; mercury; contamination; Pampa biome

Site	Deep (cm)	Hg concentration (ng g^-1)
		Soil (fraction <63 µm) (n=3)	Soil (Total) (n=3)
Paddy field	0-15	57.0 ± 4.0	28.5 ± 4.1
	15-30	63.5 ± 2.7	29.5 ± 3.6
	30-40	54.3 ± 3.3	34.8 ± 1.2

Site	Hg ng g^–1 average (range)	Reference
Domestic effluent – Rio Grande City	5530 (460 - 21140)	Mirlean et al. (2003)
Mixes effluent – Rio Grande City	1180 (120 - 3970)	Mirlean et al. (2003)
Industrial effluent – Rio Grande City	650 (140 - 1940)	Mirlean et al. (2003)
Rain water runoff – Rio Grande City	350 (70 - 1100)	Mirlean et al. (2003)
Paddy channel - Rio Grande City	232.5 (170.3 - 275)	This work
Industrial Area – Pelotas RS	258.8	Kütter (2006)
Natural Reserve (background regional) - Rio Grande City	163.4	Kütter (2006)
Gold mining area – Viseu City – Pará	201.5 (< 8 – 900)	Vieira & Passarelli (1996)
Acre State rivers – Amazon Forest	60 (1 - 220)	Brabo et al. (2003)
Gold mining tailing deposit – Poconé city	(< 20 – 610)	Lacerda et al. (1991)
Paraíba do Sul River – Rio de Janeiro	522.8 (233 - 964)	Molisani et al. (2007)
Acre River – Amazon Forest	98 (67 – 220)	Mascarenhas et al. (2004)

Specie	Tropic class	Fork length, Range (cm)	Hg concentration Mean ± SD (range)	Site	Biome	Reference
Astyanax sp (n=25)	Omnivore	4.2 -7.0	51.7 ± 19.5 (26.1 - 51.7)	Paddy field-RS Brazil	Pampa	Present work
Astyanax sp (n=18)	Omnivore	2.5 -14.0	134.9 ± 32.8 (89.4 - 195.8)	Industrial area-RS, Brazil	Pampa	Mirlean et al. (2005)
Astyanax sp (n=15)	Omnivore	2.5 -14.0	69.1 ± 50.5 (14.1 -166.2)	Suburban area-RS, Brazil	Pampa	Mirlean et al. (2005)
Astyanax sp (n=13)	Omnivore	2.5 -14.0	20.5 ± 13.4 (7.0 - 58.5)	Taim Reserve-RS, Brazil	Pampa	Mirlean et al. (2005)
Astyanax sp (n=3)	Omnivore	29.0	203.6 (76.3 - 346.6)	Patos Lagoon-RS, Brazil	Pampa	Kütter et al. (2009)
Atyanax aff bimaculatus (n=22)	Omnivore	9.7 -11.0	(96.0 - 157.0)	Vigário Reservoir-RJ, Brazil	Atlantic Forest	Kasper et al. (2009)
Astyanax integer (n=4)	Omnivore		277.5*	Las Marías River - Venezuela	Amazon Forest	Kwon et al. (2012)
Astyanax/Moenkhausia spp (n=1)	Omnivore	16.7	180.0	Maroni River, French Guiana	Amazon Forest	Fujimura et al. (2012)
Astyanax Bimaculatus (n=6)	Omnivore	9.2	547.5*	Petit-Saut reservoir – French Guiana	Amazon Forest	Durrieu et al. (2005)
Corydoras paleatus (n=10)	Detritivore	5.5 - 7.0	156.8 ± 44.0 (85.4 - 222.3)	Paddy field-RS, Brazil	Pampa	Present work
Rineloricaria cadeae (n=46)	Detritivore	9.0-12.4	59.0 (46.0-71.0)	Cadeia and Feitosa Rivers-RS, Brazil (Impacted area)	Pampa	Rodrigues & Formoso (2006)
Rineloricaria cadeae (n=22)	Detritivore	9.4-12.8	222.0 (178.0-355.0)	Cadeia and Feitosa Rivers-RS, Brazil (unpolluted area)	Pampa	Rodrigues & Formoso (2006)
Hypostomus affinis (n=30)	Detritivore	18.0-28.0	(<17.9 - 33.4)	Muriaé River-RJ, Brazil	Atlantic Forest	Araujo et al. (2010)
Hypostomus c.f.luetkini (n=30)	Detritivore	12.0-28.0	(<17.9 -39.5)	Muriaé River-RJ, Brazil	Atlantic Forest	Araujo et al. (2010)

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Value converted to wet weight employing 75% moisture according Durrieu et al. (2005).