Detection and characterization of Salmonella spp. in recreational aquatic environments in the Northeast of Argentina

Tracogna, María Fernanda; Lösch, Liliana Silvina; Alonso, José Mario; Merino, Luis Antonio

doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.1145

Abstracts

The aim of this work was to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. in recreational aquatic environments in the Northeast of Argentina and to relate it with water and environmental parameters. Sixty eight samples of water from recreational aquatic environments in the provinces of Chaco and Corrientes, Argentina, were studied. Salmonellae were detected in 6 samples (8.8%). Salmonella spp. isolates belonged to the following species and serovars: S. enterica serovar Give, S. enterica subespecie IV, S. enterica ser. Bredeney, S. enterica ser. Rubislaw, and S. enterica ser. Enteritidis (two isolates). None of the isolates were resistant to tested antimicrobials. There were no significant differences among sampling sites as a reservoir of bacteria Salmonella spp. and the other variables. The presence of Salmonella spp. in our recreational aquatic environments reaffirms the need for monitoring in order to minimize the risks of infection to exposed persons.

surface water; enteropathogens

O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar a presença de Salmonella spp. em ambientes aquáticos para uso recreativo no Nordeste da Argentina e relacioná-la com parâmetros ambientais e das águas. Foram estudados sessenta e oito amostras de água de ambientes aquáticos de lazer nas províncias de Chaco e Corrientes, Argentina. Salmonella spp. foi detectada em seis amostras (8,8%). Salmonella spp. isolados pertenciam às espécies e sorovares S. enterica ser. Give, S. enterica subespécie IV, S. enterica ser. Bredeney, S. enterica ser. Rubislaw e S. enterica ser. Enteritidis (dois isolados). Nenhum dos isolados testados foram resistentes aos antimicrobianos. Não existiam diferenças significativas entre os isolamentos de Salmonella spp. e os locais de amostragem e o restante das variáveis. A presença de Salmonella spp. em nossos ambientes aquáticos para uso recreativo reafirma a necessidade de vigilância, a fim de minimizar os riscos de infecção das pessoas suscetíveis expostas.

água de superfície; enteropatógenos

ABULREESH, H. H. Salmonellae in the environment. In: ANNOUS, B.; GURTLER, J. B. (Eds.). Salmonella - Distribution, adaptation, control measures and molecular technologies [S.l.]: InTech, 2012. p. 19-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2470
ADINGRA, A. A.; KOUADIO, A. N.; BLÉ, M. C.; KOUASSI, A. Bacteriological analysis of surface water collected from the Grand-Lahou lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire. African Journal of Microbiology Research, v. 6, n. 13, p. 3097-3105, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.904
ANDERSON, K. A.; DAVIDSON, P. Drinking water and recreational water quality: microbiological criteria. Idaho, 1997. Avalaible in: http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/CIS/CIS1069.pdf Access: Apr. 2013.
ANSELMO, R. J.; VIORA, S.; BARRIOS, H.; TERRAGNO, R.; ALCAÍN, A.; CAFFER, M. I. Serotipos of Salmonella aislados del Río Luján, Argentina. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología, v. 41, n. 2, p. 77-82, 1999.
ARGENTINA. Geografía y clima de la Argentina Avalaible in: http://www.argentina.gob.ahttp//www.argentina.gob.ar/pais/57-geografia-y-clima.php Access: Apr. 2013.
CABRAL, J. P. S. Water microbiology. Bacterial pathogens and water. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 7, n. 10, p. 3657-703, out. 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph7103657
CAFFER, M. I.; TERRAGNO, R.; BINSZTEIN, N. Manual de procedimientos diagnóstico y caracterización de Salmonella spp. 2008. Available in: http://fos.panalimentos.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=TBG6ogqxF1U%3D&tabid=783&mid=1713&language=es-ES Access: Apr. 2013.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STANDARDS INSTITUTE -CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing eighteenth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S18. Wayne, 2008.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STANDARDS INSTITUTE - CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing nineteenth informational supplement CLSI document M100-S19. Wayne, 2009.
DECHESNE, M.; SOYEUX, E. Assessment of source water pathogen contamination. Journal of Water and Health, v. 5, Suppl 1, p. 39-50, 2007.
EDGE, T.; BYRNE, J. M.; JOHNSON, R.; ROBERTSON, W.; STEVENSON, R. Waterborne pathogens. In: ENVIRONMENTAL CANADA. Threats to sources of drinking water and aquatic ecosystem health in Canada Burlington: National Water Research Institute, 2001. p. 1-3.
GIMÉNEZ MARTÍ, M. J.; HIDALGO SÁNCHEZ, J.; ROS DIE, A.; MORAGUES COLOMAR, V. Presencia de Salmonella en la cuenca norte-oeste de l'Albufera de Valencia. Revista de Sanidad e Higiene Pública, v. 64, n. 9-10, p. 535-45, 1990.
GORSKI, L.; PARKER, C. T.; LIANG, A.; COOLEY, M. B.; JAY-RUSSELL, M. T.; GORDUS, A. G. et al.. Prevalence, distribution, and diversity of Salmonella enterica in a major produce region of California. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 77, n. 8, p. 2734-48, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02321-10
HALEY, B. J.; COLE, D. J.; LIPP, E. K. Distribution, diversity, and seasonality of waterborne salmonellae in a rural watershed. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 75, n. 5, p. 1248-55, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01648-08
HEALTH PROTECTION AGENCY - HPA. Detection of Salmonella species National Standard Method W7 Issue 2. London, 2004.
HEALTH PROTECTION AGENCY - HPA. Enumeration of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli by membrane filtration National Standard Method W2 Issue 4.1. London, 2007.
JOKINEN, C.; EDGE, T. A.; HO, S.; KONING, W.; LAING, C.; MAURO, W. et al. Molecular subtypes of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from faecal and surface water samples in the Oldman River watershed, Alberta, Canada. Water Research, v. 45, n. 3, p. 1247-57, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.001
POLO, F.; FIGUERAS, M. J.; INZA, I.; SALA, J.; FLEISHER, J. M.; GUARRO, J. Prevalence of Salmonella serotypes in environmental waters and their relationships with indicator organisms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, v. 75, n. 4, p. 285-92, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001817305779
RAJABI, M.; JONES, M.; HUBBARD, M.; RODRICK, G.; WRIGHT, A. C. Distribution and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica in the Upper Suwannee River. International Journal of Microbiology, v. 2011, p. 461321, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/461321
ROLLAND, D.; BLOCK, J. C. Simultaneous concentration of Salmonella and enterovirus from surface water by using micro-fiber glass filters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 39, n. 3, p. 659-61, 1980.
ROSE, J. B.; ATLAS, R. M.; GERBA, C. P.; GILCHRIST, M. J.; LECHEVALLIER, M. W.; SOBSEY, M. D. et al. Microbial pollutants in our Nation's water: environmental and public health issues. Washington, D.C., 1999. Available in: http://www3.abe.iastate.edu/AE520/MicrobialPollution.pdf Access: Apr. 2013.
SANTO DOMINGO, J. W.; HARMON, S.; BENNETT, J. Survival of Salmonella species in river water. Current Microbiology, v. 40, n. 6, p. 409-17, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010079
THRELFALL, E. J. Antimicrobial drug resistance in Salmonella: problems and perspectives in food- and water-borne infections. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, v. 26, n. 2, p. 141-8, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00606.x
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - WHO. Waterborn zoonoses: identification, causes and control. In: COTRUVO, J. A.; DUFOUR, A.; REES, G.; CARR, R.; CLIVER, D. O.; CRAUN G. F. et al.(Eds.). Waterborn zoonoses: identification, causes and control. London: IWA Publishing, 2004.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - WHO. Guidelines for safe recreational water environments Volume 1: coastal and fresh waters. World Health Organization, 2009. Available in: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/bathing/srwe1execsum/en/index.html Access: Apr. 2013.
WINFIELD, M.; GROISMAN, E. Role of nonhost environments in the lifestyles of Salmonella and Escherichia coli Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 69, n. 7, p. 3687-3694, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3687-3694.2003
YAM, W. C.; CHAN, C. Y.; HO BELLA, S. W.; TAM, T. Y.; KUEH, C.; LEE, T. Abundance of clinical enteric bacterial pathogens in coastal waters and shellfish. Water Research, v. 34, n. 1, p. 51-56, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)001050
ZENG, B.; ZHAO, G.; CAO, X.; YANG, Z.; WANG, C.; HOU, L. Formation and resuscitation of viable but non-culturable Salmonella Typhi. BioMed Research International, v. 2013, p. 1-7, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/907170

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
08 Oct 2013
Date of issue
Aug 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ABULREESH, H. H. Salmonellae in the environment. In: ANNOUS, B.; GURTLER, J. B. (Eds.). Salmonella - Distribution, adaptation, control measures and molecular technologies [S.l.]: InTech, 2012. p. 19-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2470

[2] ADINGRA, A. A.; KOUADIO, A. N.; BLÉ, M. C.; KOUASSI, A. Bacteriological analysis of surface water collected from the Grand-Lahou lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire. African Journal of Microbiology Research, v. 6, n. 13, p. 3097-3105, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.904

[3] ANDERSON, K. A.; DAVIDSON, P. Drinking water and recreational water quality: microbiological criteria. Idaho, 1997. Avalaible in: http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/CIS/CIS1069.pdf Access: Apr. 2013.

[4] ANSELMO, R. J.; VIORA, S.; BARRIOS, H.; TERRAGNO, R.; ALCAÍN, A.; CAFFER, M. I. Serotipos of Salmonella aislados del Río Luján, Argentina. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología, v. 41, n. 2, p. 77-82, 1999.

[5] ARGENTINA. Geografía y clima de la Argentina Avalaible in: http://www.argentina.gob.ahttp//www.argentina.gob.ar/pais/57-geografia-y-clima.php Access: Apr. 2013.

[6] CABRAL, J. P. S. Water microbiology. Bacterial pathogens and water. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 7, n. 10, p. 3657-703, out. 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph7103657

[7] CAFFER, M. I.; TERRAGNO, R.; BINSZTEIN, N. Manual de procedimientos diagnóstico y caracterización de Salmonella spp. 2008. Available in: http://fos.panalimentos.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=TBG6ogqxF1U%3D&tabid=783&mid=1713&language=es-ES Access: Apr. 2013.

[8] CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STANDARDS INSTITUTE -CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing eighteenth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S18. Wayne, 2008.

[9] CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STANDARDS INSTITUTE - CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing nineteenth informational supplement CLSI document M100-S19. Wayne, 2009.

[10] DECHESNE, M.; SOYEUX, E. Assessment of source water pathogen contamination. Journal of Water and Health, v. 5, Suppl 1, p. 39-50, 2007.

[11] EDGE, T.; BYRNE, J. M.; JOHNSON, R.; ROBERTSON, W.; STEVENSON, R. Waterborne pathogens. In: ENVIRONMENTAL CANADA. Threats to sources of drinking water and aquatic ecosystem health in Canada Burlington: National Water Research Institute, 2001. p. 1-3.

[12] GIMÉNEZ MARTÍ, M. J.; HIDALGO SÁNCHEZ, J.; ROS DIE, A.; MORAGUES COLOMAR, V. Presencia de Salmonella en la cuenca norte-oeste de l'Albufera de Valencia. Revista de Sanidad e Higiene Pública, v. 64, n. 9-10, p. 535-45, 1990.

[13] GORSKI, L.; PARKER, C. T.; LIANG, A.; COOLEY, M. B.; JAY-RUSSELL, M. T.; GORDUS, A. G. et al.. Prevalence, distribution, and diversity of Salmonella enterica in a major produce region of California. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 77, n. 8, p. 2734-48, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02321-10

[14] HALEY, B. J.; COLE, D. J.; LIPP, E. K. Distribution, diversity, and seasonality of waterborne salmonellae in a rural watershed. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 75, n. 5, p. 1248-55, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01648-08

[15] HEALTH PROTECTION AGENCY - HPA. Detection of Salmonella species National Standard Method W7 Issue 2. London, 2004.

[16] HEALTH PROTECTION AGENCY - HPA. Enumeration of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli by membrane filtration National Standard Method W2 Issue 4.1. London, 2007.

[17] JOKINEN, C.; EDGE, T. A.; HO, S.; KONING, W.; LAING, C.; MAURO, W. et al. Molecular subtypes of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from faecal and surface water samples in the Oldman River watershed, Alberta, Canada. Water Research, v. 45, n. 3, p. 1247-57, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.001

[18] POLO, F.; FIGUERAS, M. J.; INZA, I.; SALA, J.; FLEISHER, J. M.; GUARRO, J. Prevalence of Salmonella serotypes in environmental waters and their relationships with indicator organisms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, v. 75, n. 4, p. 285-92, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001817305779

[19] RAJABI, M.; JONES, M.; HUBBARD, M.; RODRICK, G.; WRIGHT, A. C. Distribution and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica in the Upper Suwannee River. International Journal of Microbiology, v. 2011, p. 461321, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/461321

[20] ROLLAND, D.; BLOCK, J. C. Simultaneous concentration of Salmonella and enterovirus from surface water by using micro-fiber glass filters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 39, n. 3, p. 659-61, 1980.

[21] ROSE, J. B.; ATLAS, R. M.; GERBA, C. P.; GILCHRIST, M. J.; LECHEVALLIER, M. W.; SOBSEY, M. D. et al. Microbial pollutants in our Nation's water: environmental and public health issues. Washington, D.C., 1999. Available in: http://www3.abe.iastate.edu/AE520/MicrobialPollution.pdf Access: Apr. 2013.

[22] SANTO DOMINGO, J. W.; HARMON, S.; BENNETT, J. Survival of Salmonella species in river water. Current Microbiology, v. 40, n. 6, p. 409-17, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010079

[23] THRELFALL, E. J. Antimicrobial drug resistance in Salmonella: problems and perspectives in food- and water-borne infections. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, v. 26, n. 2, p. 141-8, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00606.x

[24] WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - WHO. Waterborn zoonoses: identification, causes and control. In: COTRUVO, J. A.; DUFOUR, A.; REES, G.; CARR, R.; CLIVER, D. O.; CRAUN G. F. et al.(Eds.). Waterborn zoonoses: identification, causes and control. London: IWA Publishing, 2004.

[25] WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - WHO. Guidelines for safe recreational water environments Volume 1: coastal and fresh waters. World Health Organization, 2009. Available in: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/bathing/srwe1execsum/en/index.html Access: Apr. 2013.

[26] WINFIELD, M.; GROISMAN, E. Role of nonhost environments in the lifestyles of Salmonella and Escherichia coli Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 69, n. 7, p. 3687-3694, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3687-3694.2003

[27] YAM, W. C.; CHAN, C. Y.; HO BELLA, S. W.; TAM, T. Y.; KUEH, C.; LEE, T. Abundance of clinical enteric bacterial pathogens in coastal waters and shellfish. Water Research, v. 34, n. 1, p. 51-56, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)001050

[28] ZENG, B.; ZHAO, G.; CAO, X.; YANG, Z.; WANG, C.; HOU, L. Formation and resuscitation of viable but non-culturable Salmonella Typhi. BioMed Research International, v. 2013, p. 1-7, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/907170

Brasil

Brasil

Detection and characterization of Salmonella spp. in recreational aquatic environments in the Northeast of Argentina

Detecção e caracterização de Salmonella spp. em ambientes aquáticos para uso recreativo no Nordeste da Argentina

Abstracts

Publication Dates