Sound localization and word discrimination in reverberant environment in
          children with developmental dyslexia

Castro-Camacho, Wendy; Peñaloza-López, Yolanda; Pérez-Ruiz, Santiago J.; García-Pedroza, Felipe; Padilla-Ortiz, Ana L.; Poblano, Adrián; Villarruel-Rivas, Concepción; Romero-Díaz, Alfredo; Careaga-Olvera, Aidé

doi:10.1590/0004-282X20150005

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Articles • Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 73 (4) • Apr 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20150005 copy

Sound localization and word discrimination in reverberant environment in children with developmental dyslexia

Localización sonora y discriminación de palabras en ambientes reverberantes en niños con dislexia del desarrollo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective

Compare if localization of sounds and words discrimination in reverberant environment is different between children with dyslexia and controls.

Method

We studied 30 children with dyslexia and 30 controls. Sound and word localization and discrimination was studied in five angles from left to right auditory fields (-90^o, -45^o, 0^o, +45^o, +90^o), under reverberant and no-reverberant conditions; correct answers were compared.

Results

Spatial location of words in no-reverberant test was deficient in children with dyslexia at 0º and +90^o. Spatial location for reverberant test was altered in children with dyslexia at all angles, except -90^o. Word discrimination in no-reverberant test in children with dyslexia had a poor performance at left angles. In reverberant test, children with dyslexia exhibited deficiencies at -45^o, -90^o, and +45^o angles.

Conclusion

Children with dyslexia could had problems when have to locate sound, and discriminate words in extreme locations of the horizontal plane in classrooms with reverberation.

dyslexia; reverberation; sound location; word discrimination

	Dyslexics	Controls	p
Gender
male	26	25	0.50 Fisher's test
female	4	5
Age (mounts)	116 ± 13	119 ± 14	0.89 Mann-Whitney's test
School grade (n)
3^o	7	7	0.97 X² test
4^o	11	8
5^o	9	11
6^o	3	4
Vision
abnormal	20	3	0.001 Fisher's test
normal	10	27
Hearing threshold dB
right	12.9 ± 3	11.3 ± 2	0.04* Student t-test
left	12.8 ± 3	10.8 ± 2	0.01*
Tympanometry
abnormal	3	0	0.11 Fisher's test
normal	27	30
Intelligence quotient	94.5 ± 10	104 ± 13	0.002* Student t-test

Angle	Dyslexics	Controls	Test of linearity	p
-90	12	16	1.05	0.30
-45	10	15	1.68	0.19
0	22	33	9.07	0.003*
+45	8	14	1.80	0.18
+90	6	15	5.83	0.01*

Angle	Dyslexics	Controls	Test of linearity	p
-90	10	15	1.68	0.19
-45	8	20	9.48	0.002*
0	22	28	4.24	0.03*
+45	8	18	6.67	0.01*
+90	4	18	13.83	< 0.001*

Angle	Dyslexics	Controls	X² test	p
-90	98.16 ± 3.59	100 ± 0	9.23	0.02*
-45	97.83 ± 3.63	100 ± 0	10.58	0.005*
0	98.83 ± 2.84	99.83 ± 0.91	3.26	0.19
+45	99.16 ± 2.01	100 ± 0	2.06	0.35
+90	99.50 ± 2.65	100 ± 0	3.15	0.20

Angle	Dyslexics	Controls	X²test	p
-90	98.83 ± 2.84	100 ± 0	13.46	0.001*
-45	98.16 ± 3.59	100 ± 0	9.23	0.02*
0	98.33 ± 3.30	99.66 ± 1.26	4.48	0.10
+45	98.50 ± 3.25	100 ± 0	6.66	0.03*
+90	99.50 ± 2.65	100 ± 0	5.45	0.06

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[1] Correspondence
: Adrián Poblano; Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal-Guadalupe, Deleg. Tlalpan, 14389; México City, México; E-mail: drdislexia@yahoo.com.mx