Glicocorticóides em afecções do sistema nervoso. Mecanismo de ação

Spina-França, A.

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1968000400002

Resumos

Avaliação dos conhecimentos sobre 0s possíveis mecanismos da atuação glicocorticóide em afecções do sistema nervoso. Os dados sobre os hormônios glicocorticóides, a corticotrofina e o fator liberador da corticotrofina são revistes, bem como aqueles sobre a interação respectiva e o papel desempenhado por estruturas do sistema nervoso. As funções metabólicas dos glicocorticóides são revistas nos aspectos de maior interesse para o tema, após o que é discutida a atuação glicocorticóide em diversos grupos de afecções do sistema nervoso.

Literature data were reviewed in order to evaluate the possible mode of action of glucocorticoid hormones in diseases of the nervous system. Several reports concerning to the glucocorticoid hormones, adrenocorticotrophin and corticotrophin-releasing factor as well as on their interaction were quoted. The role played by structures of the nervous system in the control mechanisms of hormonal interaction and several metabolic aspects of glucocorticoid action were considered. Those related to the possible mechanisms admitted to explain the therapeutic action of glucocorticoids in several diseases of the nervous system were pointed out.

Glicocorticóides em afecções do sistema nervoso. Mecanismo de ação

Mode of action of glucocorticoids in diseases of the nervous system

A. Spina-França

Docente-Livre de Clínica Neurológica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

RESUMO

Avaliação dos conhecimentos sobre 0s possíveis mecanismos da atuação glicocorticóide em afecções do sistema nervoso. Os dados sobre os hormônios glicocorticóides, a corticotrofina e o fator liberador da corticotrofina são revistes, bem como aqueles sobre a interação respectiva e o papel desempenhado por estruturas do sistema nervoso. As funções metabólicas dos glicocorticóides são revistas nos aspectos de maior interesse para o tema, após o que é discutida a atuação glicocorticóide em diversos grupos de afecções do sistema nervoso.

SUMMARY

Literature data were reviewed in order to evaluate the possible mode of action of glucocorticoid hormones in diseases of the nervous system. Several reports concerning to the glucocorticoid hormones, adrenocorticotrophin and corticotrophin-releasing factor as well as on their interaction were quoted. The role played by structures of the nervous system in the control mechanisms of hormonal interaction and several metabolic aspects of glucocorticoid action were considered. Those related to the possible mechanisms admitted to explain the therapeutic action of glucocorticoids in several diseases of the nervous system were pointed out.

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Clinica Neurológica Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo Caixa Postal 3461 Sño Paulo. SP Brasil.

Parte desta atualização foi apresentada, como relatório, no III Congresso Brasileiro de Neurologia (Recife, julho-1968).

1. ASSIS, J. L. & TETNER, J. Cortieotrofina e corticóides em neurologia: avaliaçăo critica dos resultados em 518 pacientes hospitalizados. Arq. Neuro-Psiquiat. (Săo Paulo) 26:273, 1968.
2. BARRETT, A. M. The role of plasma free fatty acids in the elevation of plasma cholesterol and phospholips produced by adrenaline. J, Endocr. 36: 301, 1966.
3. BEARN, J. G. Role of the fetal pituitary and adrenal glands in the development of the fetal thymus of the rabbit. Endocrinol. 80:979, 1967.
4. BERNARD-WEIL, E. Effects de l'ocytocine dans les syndromes de secretion inappropriée d'hormone antidiurétique et en particulier chez les malades cancéreux. Schw. med. Wschr. 96:212, 1966.
5. BERNARD-WEIL, E. & DAVID, M. Association ACTH-ocytocine dans le traitement de l'oedeme cerebral des accidents vasculaires ct des traumatismes craniens. Psychiat. Neurol. (Basel) 154:78, 1987.
6. BRIDGES P. K. & JONES, M. T. Relationship of personality and physique to plasma Cortisol levels in response to anxiety. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 31:57, 1968.
7. CACIAGLI, P. & TUSINI, G. Iponatremia neurogena. Omnia med. terap. 15:548, 1967.
8. CENDROWSKI, W. S. Follow-up on corticotorphin treatment of multiple sclerosis. Psychiat. Neurol. (Basel) 154:65, 1967.
9. CHAMBERS, W. F.; DUNIHUE, F. W.; SMITH, C. J.; BLANCHARD, R. R.; TAYLOR, C. H. & HILL, D. B. Effect of vasopressin and adrenal steroids on cortical responses evoked at the midbrain level in aged rats. Gerontol. 12:65, 1966.
10. CHOWERS, I.; CONFORTI, N. & FELDMAN, S. Effect of corticosteroids on the hipothalamic corticotropin releasing factor and the pituitary ACTH content. Neuroendocrinol. 2:193, 1967.
11. CROMPTON, M. R. & TEARE, R. D. Encephalitis after the reduction of steroid maintenance therapy. Lancet 2:1318, 1965.
12. DALLMAN, M. F. & YATES, F. E. Anatomical and functional mapping of central neural imput and feed back pathways of adrenocortical system. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:904, 1967.
13. De VENUTO, F. & CHADER, G. Interactions between Cortisol or corticosterone and fractions of rat thymus, brain and heart cell. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 121:151, 1966.
14. de WIED, D.; BOHUS, B.; ERNST, A. M.; de JONG, W.; NIEURVEHUIZEN, W.; PIEPER, E. E. M. & YASUMURA, S. Several aspects of the influence of vasopressin on pituitary-adrenal activity. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:907, 1967.
15. EGDAHL, R. H. Excitation and inhibition of ACTH secretion. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:904, 1967.
16. FARESE, R. V. Quantitative comparison on the effects of ACTH administration on the activities of soluble cell fraction and microsomes for incorporation of amino-acid into protein. Endocrinol. 76:795, 1965.
17. FARKAS-BARGETON, E.; SARRUT, S.; PHILIPPART, M. & LAUNAY, C. Démyélinisation du systčme nerveux central associée ŕ une atrophie cortico-surrenale. Rev. neurol. (Paris) 117:627, 1967.
18. FAZEKAS, I. G. & FAZEKAS, A. T. Die Corticosteroide-Fraktionnen des menschichen Gehirns. Endokrinol. 51:183, 1967. Resumo inExcerpta Med. 8A, 21:1546, 1968.
19. FLEISCHER, N.; ABE, K.; LIDDLE, G. W.; ORTH, D. N. & NICHOLSON, W. E. ACTH antibodies in patients receiving depot porcine ACTH to hasten recovery from pituitary adrenal suppression. J. clin. Invest. 46:196, 1967.
20. FONT AN, A.; BATTIN, J. J. & GAMBETTI, P. Leucoencéphalite sclerosante subaguę, corticotherapie prolongée, varicelle grave. Essai d'interprétation du caractčre oedemateux et nécrosant des lesions. J. neurol. Sci. 4:455, 1967.
21. FOSTER, J. B. The use of adrenal steroids in diseases of the nervous system. InModern Trends in Neurology, ed. por D. Williams, vol. 3, pg. 292. Butterworths, Londres, 1962.
22. FRIEDMAN, M. & GREENWOOD, F. C. The effects of prolonged ACTH or corticosteroid therapy in children on growth and on pituitary adrenal function. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:910, 1967.
23. GANDIGLIO, G. & PINELLI, P. EMG analysis of myasthenic ACTH deterioration. Europ. Neurol. 1:2, 1968.
24. GANONG, W. F. Review of Medical Physiology. Ed. 2. Lange Med. Publ., Los Anos (Calif.), 1965, pg. 288.
25. GANONG, W. F. Neuroendocrine integrating mechanisms. InNeuroendocrinology, ed. por L. Martini & W. F. Ganong, vol. 1, pg. 1. Academic Press, New York, 1966.
26. GANONG, W. F.; BORYESKA, A. T. & SHACKELFORD, R. Effect of renin on adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH and angiotensin II. in dogs. Endocrinol. 80:703, 1967.
27. GRANT, J. K.; GRIFFITHS, K. & LOWE, M. Biochemical investigations of the actions of corticotrophin on the adrenal cortex. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:906, 1967.
28. GROSSER, B. I. 11-beta-hydroxysteroid metabolism by mouse brain and glioma 261. J. Neurochem. 13:475, 1966.
29. GUILLEMIN, R. Hypothalamic control of concomitant secretion of ACTH and TSH. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:903, 1987.
30. HEDGE, G. A.; YATES, R. M. & YATES, F. E. Site of action of vasopressin in causing corticotrophin release. Endocrinol. 79:328, 1966.
31. HEDNER, L. P. Quantitative assay of the acute hypothalamo-pituitary depressing effect of corticosteroids in man. J. Endocr. 37:57, 1967.
32. HODGES, J. R. The influence of corticosteroids on the stress-induced release of corticotrophin. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:905, 1967.
33. IMMS, F. J. & JONES, M. T. Catecholamine excretion and adrenocortical hormones. J. Endocr. 38:xvii, 1967.
34. JAMES, V. H. T. & LANDON, J. Some observations on the control of Cortisol secretion in man. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:907, 1967.
35. JEFFERIES, W. Mc. K. Low dosage glucocorticoid therapy. Arch. int. Med. 119:265, 1967.
36. KLAUSNER, H. & HEIMBERG, M. Effect of adrenalcortical hormones on release of triglycerides and glucoce by liver. Amer. J. Physiol. 212:1236, 1967.
37. KOSTYO, J. I. & REDMOND, A. F. Role of protein synthesis in the inhibitory action of adrenal steroid hormones on amino-acid transport by muscle. Endocrinol. 79:531, 1967.
38. KRÜGER, E.; LANG, U. & KüHNER, K. Polyneuritis Guillain-Barré im Verlaufe von Korfikosteroid-Langzeit Behandlungen. Psychiat. Neurol. (Basel) 154:266, 1967.
39. KUROSOMI, K. & KOBAYASHI, Y. Corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland of normal and adrenalectomised rats as revealed by electron microscopy. Endocrinol. 78:745, 1986.
40. LE BEAU, J.; FONCIN, J. F. & NICOLAIDIS, S. Neurological and physiological comments on the section of the pituitary stalk in humans (mischotomy). Arq. Neuro-Psiquiat. (Săo Paulo) 25:239, 1967.
41. LIPSCOMB, H. S. & CRITCHLOW, B. V. A study of compensatory adrenal hypertrophy and hyperfunction. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:905, 1967.
42. MANGILI, G.; MOTTA, M. & MARTINI, L. Control of adrenocorticotronic hormone secretion. InNeuroendocrinology, ed. por L. Martini & W. F. Ganong, vol. 1, pg. 297. Academic Press, New York, 1966.
43. Mc CANN, S. M.; ANTUNES-RODRIGUES, J. & NALLAR, R. Pituitary Adrenal cortical levels in human cerebrospinal fluid. Canad. Med. Assoc. J.
44. Mc CANN, S. M. & DHARIVAL, A. P. S. Hypothalamic releasing factors and neurovascular link between the brain and the anterior pituitary. InNeuroendocrinology, ed. por L. Martini & W. F. Ganong, vol. 1, pg. 261. Academic Press, New York, 1966.
45. Mc KERNS, K. Hormone regulation of the genetic potential through the pentose phosphate pathway. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 121:207, 1966.
46. MILLS, I. H. Clinical Aspects of Adrenal Function. Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford, 1964.
47. MOTTA, M.; FRASCHINI, F.; PIVA, F. & MARTINI, L. Hypothalamic mechanisms controlling adrenocorticotrophin secretion. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60: 903, 1967.
48. MURPHY, E. P.; COSGROVE, J. B.; Mc ILQUHAM, M. C. & PATTEE, J. C. Adrenal cortical levels in human cerebrospinal fluid. Canad. Med. Assoc. J. 97:13, 1967.
49. NAUMENKO, V. Role of adrenergic and cholinergic structures in the control of the pituitary-adrenal system. Endocrinol. 80:69, 1987.
50. OP DE COUL, A. A. W. The effect of ACTH and corticosteroids on the brain. Phychiat. Neurol. Neurochir. (Amst.) 69:385, 1966.
51. POHL, O. & HAITS, G. über die Corticosteroid-Depression. Nervenarzt 37: 406, 1967.
52. PORTER, J. C; DHARIWAL, A. P .S. & Mc CANN, S. M. Response of the anterior pituitary-adrenocortical axis to purified CRF. Endocrinol. 80:679, 1967.
53. RAITI, S.; KOWARSKI, A.; MORRIS Jor., R. E. & MIGEON, C. J. Some aspects of the control of aldosterone secretion in man. Bull. J. Hopkins Hosp. 119:276, 1966.
54. RAWSON, M. D. & LIVERSEDGE, L. A. Treatment of acute retrobulbar neuritis with corticotrophin. Lancet 2:1044, 1966.
55. REYNOLDS, R. C. Pneumococcal meningitis. The effect of adrenal steroids on the level of consciousness. Bull. J. Hopkins Hosp. 119:276, 1966.
56. RINNE, U. K. Studies on myopathy during corticotrophin treatment in multiple sclerosis patients. Psychiat. Neurol. (Basel) 153:226, 1967.
57. RINNE, U. K. Corticotrophin secretion capacity in multiple sclerosis. Europ. Neurol. 1:221, 1968.
58. RINNE, U.; SONNINEN, V. & TUOVINEN, T. Corticotrophin treatment in multiple sclerosis. Acta neurol. scandinav. 44:207, 1968.
59. ROVIT, R. L. & HAGAN, R. Steroids and cerebral edema: the effects of glucocorticoids on abnormal capillary permeability following cerebral injury in cats. J. Neuropath, experiment. Neurol. 27:277, 1968.
60. SAWYER, W. H. & MILLS, E. Control of vasopressin secretion. InNeuroendocrinology, ed. por L. Martiin & W. F. Ganong, vol. 1, pg. 187, Academic Press, New York, 1966.
61. SMELIK, P. G. ACTH secretion after depletion of hypothalamic monoamines by reserpine implants. Neuroendocrinol. 2:247, 1967.
62. STARK, E.; VARGA, B. & ACS, Z. An extraadrenal effect of corticotrophin. J. Endocr. 37:247, 1967.
63. STRICKLAND Jor., G. T. & MOSER, K. M. Sarcoidosis with a Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome and clinical response to corticosteroids. Amer. J. Med. 43:131, 1967.
64. SUZUKI, T.; OTSUDA, K.; MATSUI, H.; OHUKUSI, S.; SAKAI, K. & HARADA, Y. Effect of muscular exercise on adrenal 17-hydroxicorticosteroid secretion in the dog. Endocrinol. 80:1148, 1967.
65. SYTCHEV, Y. M. Le traitement hormonal des nevrites du nerve facial. J. Neuropatol. Psiquiat. (Moscou) 65:1335, 1985.
66. TARQUINI, B.; DELLA CORTE, M. & ORZALESI, R. Circadian studies on plasma Cortisol in subjects with peptic ulcer. J. Endocr. 38:475, 1967.
67. UETE, T. Mode of action of glucocorticoids: Early effects of triamcinolone on amino-acid incorporation into various tissues in vivo.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 121:386, 1966.
68. UETE, T. Mode of action of glucocorticoids: The inhibition of amino-acid incorporation in vitrofollowing administration of triamcinolone. Bioch. Biophys. Acta 121:395, 1966.
69. WINKLER, G. & KUHN, E. Beitrag zur Nebennierenrindenfunktion bei Dystrophia myotonica. Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilk. 191:91, 1967.
70. WYNN, V. The assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical function in man. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:909, 1967.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
13 Maio 2013
Data do Fascículo
Dez 1968

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ASSIS, J. L. & TETNER, J. Cortieotrofina e corticóides em neurologia: avaliaçăo critica dos resultados em 518 pacientes hospitalizados. Arq. Neuro-Psiquiat. (Săo Paulo) 26:273, 1968.

[2] 2. BARRETT, A. M. The role of plasma free fatty acids in the elevation of plasma cholesterol and phospholips produced by adrenaline. J, Endocr. 36: 301, 1966.

[3] 3. BEARN, J. G. Role of the fetal pituitary and adrenal glands in the development of the fetal thymus of the rabbit. Endocrinol. 80:979, 1967.

[4] 4. BERNARD-WEIL, E. Effects de l'ocytocine dans les syndromes de secretion inappropriée d'hormone antidiurétique et en particulier chez les malades cancéreux. Schw. med. Wschr. 96:212, 1966.

[5] 5. BERNARD-WEIL, E. & DAVID, M. Association ACTH-ocytocine dans le traitement de l'oedeme cerebral des accidents vasculaires ct des traumatismes craniens. Psychiat. Neurol. (Basel) 154:78, 1987.

[6] 6. BRIDGES P. K. & JONES, M. T. Relationship of personality and physique to plasma Cortisol levels in response to anxiety. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 31:57, 1968.

[7] 7. CACIAGLI, P. & TUSINI, G. Iponatremia neurogena. Omnia med. terap. 15:548, 1967.

[8] 8. CENDROWSKI, W. S. Follow-up on corticotorphin treatment of multiple sclerosis. Psychiat. Neurol. (Basel) 154:65, 1967.

[9] 9. CHAMBERS, W. F.; DUNIHUE, F. W.; SMITH, C. J.; BLANCHARD, R. R.; TAYLOR, C. H. & HILL, D. B. Effect of vasopressin and adrenal steroids on cortical responses evoked at the midbrain level in aged rats. Gerontol. 12:65, 1966.

[10] 10. CHOWERS, I.; CONFORTI, N. & FELDMAN, S. Effect of corticosteroids on the hipothalamic corticotropin releasing factor and the pituitary ACTH content. Neuroendocrinol. 2:193, 1967.

[11] 11. CROMPTON, M. R. & TEARE, R. D. Encephalitis after the reduction of steroid maintenance therapy. Lancet 2:1318, 1965.

[12] 12. DALLMAN, M. F. & YATES, F. E. Anatomical and functional mapping of central neural imput and feed back pathways of adrenocortical system. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:904, 1967.

[13] 13. De VENUTO, F. & CHADER, G. Interactions between Cortisol or corticosterone and fractions of rat thymus, brain and heart cell. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 121:151, 1966.

[14] 14. de WIED, D.; BOHUS, B.; ERNST, A. M.; de JONG, W.; NIEURVEHUIZEN, W.; PIEPER, E. E. M. & YASUMURA, S. Several aspects of the influence of vasopressin on pituitary-adrenal activity. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:907, 1967.

[15] 15. EGDAHL, R. H. Excitation and inhibition of ACTH secretion. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:904, 1967.

[16] 16. FARESE, R. V. Quantitative comparison on the effects of ACTH administration on the activities of soluble cell fraction and microsomes for incorporation of amino-acid into protein. Endocrinol. 76:795, 1965.

[17] 17. FARKAS-BARGETON, E.; SARRUT, S.; PHILIPPART, M. & LAUNAY, C. Démyélinisation du systčme nerveux central associée ŕ une atrophie cortico-surrenale. Rev. neurol. (Paris) 117:627, 1967.

[18] 18. FAZEKAS, I. G. & FAZEKAS, A. T. Die Corticosteroide-Fraktionnen des menschichen Gehirns. Endokrinol. 51:183, 1967. Resumo inExcerpta Med. 8A, 21:1546, 1968.

[19] 19. FLEISCHER, N.; ABE, K.; LIDDLE, G. W.; ORTH, D. N. & NICHOLSON, W. E. ACTH antibodies in patients receiving depot porcine ACTH to hasten recovery from pituitary adrenal suppression. J. clin. Invest. 46:196, 1967.

[20] 20. FONT AN, A.; BATTIN, J. J. & GAMBETTI, P. Leucoencéphalite sclerosante subaguę, corticotherapie prolongée, varicelle grave. Essai d'interprétation du caractčre oedemateux et nécrosant des lesions. J. neurol. Sci. 4:455, 1967.

[21] 21. FOSTER, J. B. The use of adrenal steroids in diseases of the nervous system. InModern Trends in Neurology, ed. por D. Williams, vol. 3, pg. 292. Butterworths, Londres, 1962.

[22] 22. FRIEDMAN, M. & GREENWOOD, F. C. The effects of prolonged ACTH or corticosteroid therapy in children on growth and on pituitary adrenal function. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:910, 1967.

[23] 23. GANDIGLIO, G. & PINELLI, P. EMG analysis of myasthenic ACTH deterioration. Europ. Neurol. 1:2, 1968.

[24] 24. GANONG, W. F. Review of Medical Physiology. Ed. 2. Lange Med. Publ., Los Anos (Calif.), 1965, pg. 288.

[25] 25. GANONG, W. F. Neuroendocrine integrating mechanisms. InNeuroendocrinology, ed. por L. Martini & W. F. Ganong, vol. 1, pg. 1. Academic Press, New York, 1966.

[26] 26. GANONG, W. F.; BORYESKA, A. T. & SHACKELFORD, R. Effect of renin on adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH and angiotensin II. in dogs. Endocrinol. 80:703, 1967.

[27] 27. GRANT, J. K.; GRIFFITHS, K. & LOWE, M. Biochemical investigations of the actions of corticotrophin on the adrenal cortex. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:906, 1967.

[28] 28. GROSSER, B. I. 11-beta-hydroxysteroid metabolism by mouse brain and glioma 261. J. Neurochem. 13:475, 1966.

[29] 29. GUILLEMIN, R. Hypothalamic control of concomitant secretion of ACTH and TSH. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:903, 1987.

[30] 30. HEDGE, G. A.; YATES, R. M. & YATES, F. E. Site of action of vasopressin in causing corticotrophin release. Endocrinol. 79:328, 1966.

[31] 31. HEDNER, L. P. Quantitative assay of the acute hypothalamo-pituitary depressing effect of corticosteroids in man. J. Endocr. 37:57, 1967.

[32] 32. HODGES, J. R. The influence of corticosteroids on the stress-induced release of corticotrophin. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:905, 1967.

[33] 33. IMMS, F. J. & JONES, M. T. Catecholamine excretion and adrenocortical hormones. J. Endocr. 38:xvii, 1967.

[34] 34. JAMES, V. H. T. & LANDON, J. Some observations on the control of Cortisol secretion in man. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:907, 1967.

[35] 35. JEFFERIES, W. Mc. K. Low dosage glucocorticoid therapy. Arch. int. Med. 119:265, 1967.

[36] 36. KLAUSNER, H. & HEIMBERG, M. Effect of adrenalcortical hormones on release of triglycerides and glucoce by liver. Amer. J. Physiol. 212:1236, 1967.

[37] 37. KOSTYO, J. I. & REDMOND, A. F. Role of protein synthesis in the inhibitory action of adrenal steroid hormones on amino-acid transport by muscle. Endocrinol. 79:531, 1967.

[38] 38. KRÜGER, E.; LANG, U. & KüHNER, K. Polyneuritis Guillain-Barré im Verlaufe von Korfikosteroid-Langzeit Behandlungen. Psychiat. Neurol. (Basel) 154:266, 1967.

[39] 39. KUROSOMI, K. & KOBAYASHI, Y. Corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland of normal and adrenalectomised rats as revealed by electron microscopy. Endocrinol. 78:745, 1986.

[40] 40. LE BEAU, J.; FONCIN, J. F. & NICOLAIDIS, S. Neurological and physiological comments on the section of the pituitary stalk in humans (mischotomy). Arq. Neuro-Psiquiat. (Săo Paulo) 25:239, 1967.

[41] 41. LIPSCOMB, H. S. & CRITCHLOW, B. V. A study of compensatory adrenal hypertrophy and hyperfunction. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60:905, 1967.

[42] 42. MANGILI, G.; MOTTA, M. & MARTINI, L. Control of adrenocorticotronic hormone secretion. InNeuroendocrinology, ed. por L. Martini & W. F. Ganong, vol. 1, pg. 297. Academic Press, New York, 1966.

[43] 43. Mc CANN, S. M.; ANTUNES-RODRIGUES, J. & NALLAR, R. Pituitary Adrenal cortical levels in human cerebrospinal fluid. Canad. Med. Assoc. J.

[44] 44. Mc CANN, S. M. & DHARIVAL, A. P. S. Hypothalamic releasing factors and neurovascular link between the brain and the anterior pituitary. InNeuroendocrinology, ed. por L. Martini & W. F. Ganong, vol. 1, pg. 261. Academic Press, New York, 1966.

[45] 45. Mc KERNS, K. Hormone regulation of the genetic potential through the pentose phosphate pathway. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 121:207, 1966.

[46] 46. MILLS, I. H. Clinical Aspects of Adrenal Function. Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford, 1964.

[47] 47. MOTTA, M.; FRASCHINI, F.; PIVA, F. & MARTINI, L. Hypothalamic mechanisms controlling adrenocorticotrophin secretion. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 60: 903, 1967.

[48] 48. MURPHY, E. P.; COSGROVE, J. B.; Mc ILQUHAM, M. C. & PATTEE, J. C. Adrenal cortical levels in human cerebrospinal fluid. Canad. Med. Assoc. J. 97:13, 1967.

[49] 49. NAUMENKO, V. Role of adrenergic and cholinergic structures in the control of the pituitary-adrenal system. Endocrinol. 80:69, 1987.

[50] 50. OP DE COUL, A. A. W. The effect of ACTH and corticosteroids on the brain. Phychiat. Neurol. Neurochir. (Amst.) 69:385, 1966.

[51] 51. POHL, O. & HAITS, G. über die Corticosteroid-Depression. Nervenarzt 37: 406, 1967.

[52] 52. PORTER, J. C; DHARIWAL, A. P .S. & Mc CANN, S. M. Response of the anterior pituitary-adrenocortical axis to purified CRF. Endocrinol. 80:679, 1967.

[53] 53. RAITI, S.; KOWARSKI, A.; MORRIS Jor., R. E. & MIGEON, C. J. Some aspects of the control of aldosterone secretion in man. Bull. J. Hopkins Hosp. 119:276, 1966.

[54] 54. RAWSON, M. D. & LIVERSEDGE, L. A. Treatment of acute retrobulbar neuritis with corticotrophin. Lancet 2:1044, 1966.

[55] 55. REYNOLDS, R. C. Pneumococcal meningitis. The effect of adrenal steroids on the level of consciousness. Bull. J. Hopkins Hosp. 119:276, 1966.

[56] 56. RINNE, U. K. Studies on myopathy during corticotrophin treatment in multiple sclerosis patients. Psychiat. Neurol. (Basel) 153:226, 1967.

[57] 57. RINNE, U. K. Corticotrophin secretion capacity in multiple sclerosis. Europ. Neurol. 1:221, 1968.

[58] 58. RINNE, U.; SONNINEN, V. & TUOVINEN, T. Corticotrophin treatment in multiple sclerosis. Acta neurol. scandinav. 44:207, 1968.

[59] 59. ROVIT, R. L. & HAGAN, R. Steroids and cerebral edema: the effects of glucocorticoids on abnormal capillary permeability following cerebral injury in cats. J. Neuropath, experiment. Neurol. 27:277, 1968.

[60] 60. SAWYER, W. H. & MILLS, E. Control of vasopressin secretion. InNeuroendocrinology, ed. por L. Martiin & W. F. Ganong, vol. 1, pg. 187, Academic Press, New York, 1966.

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