Brazilian studies on tropical spastic paraparesis: a meta-analysis

Costa, C.M. de Castro; Carton, H.; Goubau, P.; D'Almeida, J.A.C.

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1994000400023

Abstracts

Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) is a chronic progressive myelopathy and in most of the cases has a retroviral (HTLV-1) etiology, when it is denominated HTLV-1 associated-mielopathy (HAM/TSP). Around 433 cases of TSP have been described in Northeast and Southeast Brazil. Among these cases, 157 (36.2%) are HTLV-1 positive and 276 (63.7%) are negative. Their mean age is 43.8 years with a slight predominance of females and mulattoes, although white patients are also numerous. Clinically all patients exhibit a spastic paraparesis with variable sphincter and sensory disturbance. Pain and autonomic symptoms seem to be expressive in the HTLV-1 positive HAM/TSP Brazilian patients.

tropical spastic paraparesis; HTLV-1; Brazil

A paraparesia espástica tropical (PET) é uma mielopatia crônica progressiva e em muitos casos tem etiologia retroviral (HTLV-1), quando é denominada mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1 (MAH/PET). Cerca de 433 casos de PET têm sido descritos no Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, dos quais 157 (36,2%) são HTLV-1 positivos e 276 (63,7%) são negativos. A média de idade dos pacientes é de 43,8 anos. Ocorre discreto predomínio de mulheres e mulatos, embora haja numerosos pacientes brancos. Clinicamente todos os pacientes exibem uma paraparesia espástica com variável distúrbio sensitivo e esfincteriano. Dor e sintomas autonômicos parecem expressivos nos pacientes brasileiros com MAH/PET HTLV-1 positivos.

paraparesia espástica tropical; HTLV-1; Brasil

Brazilian studies on tropical spastic paraparesis: a meta-analysis

Estudos brasileiros sobre paraparesia espástica tropical: meta-análise

C.M. de Castro Costa^I; H. Carton^II; P. Goubau^II; J.A.C. D'Almeida^I

^IHospital das Clínicas, Serviço de Neurologia e Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFCE), Brasil

^IIDepartment of Neurology and Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium

SUMMARY

Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) is a chronic progressive myelopathy and in most of the cases has a retroviral (HTLV-1) etiology, when it is denominated HTLV-1 associated-mielopathy (HAM/TSP). Around 433 cases of TSP have been described in Northeast and Southeast Brazil. Among these cases, 157 (36.2%) are HTLV-1 positive and 276 (63.7%) are negative. Their mean age is 43.8 years with a slight predominance of females and mulattoes, although white patients are also numerous. Clinically all patients exhibit a spastic paraparesis with variable sphincter and sensory disturbance. Pain and autonomic symptoms seem to be expressive in the HTLV-1 positive HAM/TSP Brazilian patients.

Key words: tropical spastic paraparesis, HTLV-1, Brazil.

RESUMO

A paraparesia espástica tropical (PET) é uma mielopatia crônica progressiva e em muitos casos tem etiologia retroviral (HTLV-1), quando é denominada mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1 (MAH/PET). Cerca de 433 casos de PET têm sido descritos no Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, dos quais 157 (36,2%) são HTLV-1 positivos e 276 (63,7%) são negativos. A média de idade dos pacientes é de 43,8 anos. Ocorre discreto predomínio de mulheres e mulatos, embora haja numerosos pacientes brancos. Clinicamente todos os pacientes exibem uma paraparesia espástica com variável distúrbio sensitivo e esfincteriano. Dor e sintomas autonômicos parecem expressivos nos pacientes brasileiros com MAH/PET HTLV-1 positivos.

Palavras-chave: paraparesia espástica tropical, HTLV-1, Brasil.

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Aceite: 9-abril-1994.

Dr. Carlos Maurício de Castro Costa - Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia (Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental) e Serviço de Neurologia - HUWC (UFCE) - Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127 - Caixa Postal 3157-60430-160 Fortaleza CE - Brasil.

1. Araújo AQ-C. A biologia do protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1). Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 3-9.
2. Araújo AQ-C. Neuropatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): aspectos históricos. Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 40-46.
3. Araújo AQ-C. Aspectos epidemiológicos das neuropatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1). Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 51-56.
4. Araújo AQ-C. Neuropatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): aspectos laboratoriais do seu diagnóstico. Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 103-107.
5. Araújo AQ-C. Diagnóstico diferencial das mielopatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): parte 1. Rev Bras Neurol 1992,28: 152-156.
6. Araújo AQ-C. Diagnóstico diferencial das mielopatias associadas ao protovirus linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): parte 2. Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 159-164.
7. Araújo AQ-C. Neuropatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): aspectos terapêuticos e prognósticos. Rev.Bras.Neurol. 1993, 29: 15-16.
8. Araújo AQ-C, Afonso CR, Leite ACB, Dultra SV. Intravenous methylprednisolone in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1993, 51: 325-328.
9. Araújo AQ-C, Afonso CR, Schor D, Andrade-Serpa MJ. Spastic paraparesis of obscure origin: a case-control study of HTLV-1 positive and negative patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Neurol Sci 1993, 116: 165-169.
10. Araújo AQ-C, Afonso CR, Schor D, Leite AC, Andrade-Serpa MJ. Clinical and demographic features of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Neurol Scand 1993, 88: 59-62.
11. Araújo AQ-C, Ali A, Newell A, Dalgleish AG and Rudge P. HTLV-1 infection and neurological disease in Rio de Janeiro. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992, 55: 153-155.
12. Araújo AQ-C, Freitas MRG, Nascimento O. Da patogenia das neuropatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1). Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 57-63.
13. Araújo AQ-C, Freitas MRG, Nascimento, OJM. Neuropatias associadas à infecção pelo protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): aspectos clínicos. Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 85-89.
14. Bucher B, Poupard JA, Vernant JC, Freitas EC. Tropical neuromyelopathies and retroviruses: a review. Revs InfDis, 1990, 12: 890-899.
15. Castro LHM, Chaves CJ, Callegaro D, Nóbrega JPS, Scaff M. HTLV-1 associated myelopathy in Brazil: a preliminary report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1989, 47: 501.
16. Cavalcanti M, Ferreira O, Puccioni M, Novis S, Schechter M. HTLV-1 associated neurologic manifestations in four generation of a brazilian family. J Acquir Imm Defic Syndr 1993, 6: 213-217.
17. De Castro-Costa CM, do Vale OC, Goubau P, Desmyter J, Carton H. HTLV-1 and tropical spastic paraparesis in Fortaleza (Northeastern-Brazil). J Trop Geogr Neurol 1991, 1: 45-48.
18. De Castro-Costa CM, Goubau P, Carton H, Santos TJT, de Figueiredo EG. HTLV e neurologia. Rev Bras Med 1993, 50: 944-952.
19. De Castro-Costa CM, Salgueiro MR, Carton H, do Vale OC, de Arruda AM. Tropical spastic paraparesis in northeastern Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1989, 47: 134-138.
20. Gessain A, Vernant JC, Maurs L, Barin F, Gout O, Calender A, De-Thé G. Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet 1985, 24: 407-410.
21. Guedes T, Mesquita SD, Codeceira A Jr., Ataíde L Jr, Silva AB. New cases of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy in Northeastern Brazil. Neurobiol (Recife) 1993, 56: 1-8.
22. Lessa I, Moraes D, Moura L, Melo A. HTLV-1 and myelopathy in Salvador (Northeastern Brazil): a case-control study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1993, 51: 447-451.
23. Mattos K, Queiroz C, Peçanha-Martins AC, Publio L, Vinhas V, Melo A. Lymphocyte alveolitis in HAM/ TSP patients. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr 1993, 51: 134-136.
24. Meireles A, Moreira E Jr, Moreno-Carvalho OA, Badaró R, Melo A. HTLV-1 associated myelopathy in Salvador (Northeastern Brazil). Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1992, 50: 189-190.
25. Melo A, Moura L, Meireles A, Costa G. Danazol, a new perspective in the treatment of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (preliminary report). Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1992, 50: 402-403.
26. Melo A, Moura L, Rios S, Machado M, Costa G. Magnetic ressonance imaging in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1993, 51: 329-332.
27. Moreno-Carvalho OA, Santos JI, Di Credico G, Galvão-Castro B, Evidence of preferencial female prevalence of HTLV-1 associated tropical spastic paraparesis in Bahia-Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1992, 50: 183-188.
28. Roman GC. The neuroepidemiology of tropical spastic paraparesis. Ann Neurol 1988, 23 (Suppl): S113-S120.
29. Spina-França A, Livramento JA, Machado LR, Gomes HR, Viana LS, Castro LHM, Nóbrega JPS, Bacheschi LA. HTLV-1 antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in tropical spastic paraparesis in Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1990, 48: 441-447.
30. Takayanagui OM, Cantos JL, Jardim E. Tropical spastic paraparesis in Brazil (Letter). Lancet 1991,2: 309.
31. Yasuda M. Considerations on HAM/TSP: rediscovering Tumaco. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1993, 51: 137-146.
32. Zaninovic V, Biojó R, Barreto P. Paraparesia espástica del Pacífico. Colombia Med 1981, 12: 111-117.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
19 Jan 2011
Date of issue
Dec 1994

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. Araújo AQ-C. A biologia do protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1). Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 3-9.

[2] 2. Araújo AQ-C. Neuropatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): aspectos históricos. Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 40-46.

[3] 3. Araújo AQ-C. Aspectos epidemiológicos das neuropatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1). Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 51-56.

[4] 4. Araújo AQ-C. Neuropatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): aspectos laboratoriais do seu diagnóstico. Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 103-107.

[5] 5. Araújo AQ-C. Diagnóstico diferencial das mielopatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): parte 1. Rev Bras Neurol 1992,28: 152-156.

[6] 6. Araújo AQ-C. Diagnóstico diferencial das mielopatias associadas ao protovirus linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): parte 2. Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 159-164.

[7] 7. Araújo AQ-C. Neuropatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): aspectos terapêuticos e prognósticos. Rev.Bras.Neurol. 1993, 29: 15-16.

[8] 8. Araújo AQ-C, Afonso CR, Leite ACB, Dultra SV. Intravenous methylprednisolone in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1993, 51: 325-328.

[9] 9. Araújo AQ-C, Afonso CR, Schor D, Andrade-Serpa MJ. Spastic paraparesis of obscure origin: a case-control study of HTLV-1 positive and negative patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Neurol Sci 1993, 116: 165-169.

[10] 10. Araújo AQ-C, Afonso CR, Schor D, Leite AC, Andrade-Serpa MJ. Clinical and demographic features of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Neurol Scand 1993, 88: 59-62.

[11] 11. Araújo AQ-C, Ali A, Newell A, Dalgleish AG and Rudge P. HTLV-1 infection and neurological disease in Rio de Janeiro. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992, 55: 153-155.

[12] 12. Araújo AQ-C, Freitas MRG, Nascimento O. Da patogenia das neuropatias associadas ao protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1). Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 57-63.

[13] 13. Araújo AQ-C, Freitas MRG, Nascimento, OJM. Neuropatias associadas à infecção pelo protovirus T-linfotrópico humano (HTLV-1): aspectos clínicos. Rev Bras Neurol 1992, 28: 85-89.

[14] 14. Bucher B, Poupard JA, Vernant JC, Freitas EC. Tropical neuromyelopathies and retroviruses: a review. Revs InfDis, 1990, 12: 890-899.

[15] 15. Castro LHM, Chaves CJ, Callegaro D, Nóbrega JPS, Scaff M. HTLV-1 associated myelopathy in Brazil: a preliminary report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1989, 47: 501.

[16] 16. Cavalcanti M, Ferreira O, Puccioni M, Novis S, Schechter M. HTLV-1 associated neurologic manifestations in four generation of a brazilian family. J Acquir Imm Defic Syndr 1993, 6: 213-217.

[17] 17. De Castro-Costa CM, do Vale OC, Goubau P, Desmyter J, Carton H. HTLV-1 and tropical spastic paraparesis in Fortaleza (Northeastern-Brazil). J Trop Geogr Neurol 1991, 1: 45-48.

[18] 18. De Castro-Costa CM, Goubau P, Carton H, Santos TJT, de Figueiredo EG. HTLV e neurologia. Rev Bras Med 1993, 50: 944-952.

[19] 19. De Castro-Costa CM, Salgueiro MR, Carton H, do Vale OC, de Arruda AM. Tropical spastic paraparesis in northeastern Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1989, 47: 134-138.

[20] 20. Gessain A, Vernant JC, Maurs L, Barin F, Gout O, Calender A, De-Thé G. Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet 1985, 24: 407-410.

[21] 21. Guedes T, Mesquita SD, Codeceira A Jr., Ataíde L Jr, Silva AB. New cases of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy in Northeastern Brazil. Neurobiol (Recife) 1993, 56: 1-8.

[22] 22. Lessa I, Moraes D, Moura L, Melo A. HTLV-1 and myelopathy in Salvador (Northeastern Brazil): a case-control study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1993, 51: 447-451.

[23] 23. Mattos K, Queiroz C, Peçanha-Martins AC, Publio L, Vinhas V, Melo A. Lymphocyte alveolitis in HAM/ TSP patients. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr 1993, 51: 134-136.

[24] 24. Meireles A, Moreira E Jr, Moreno-Carvalho OA, Badaró R, Melo A. HTLV-1 associated myelopathy in Salvador (Northeastern Brazil). Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1992, 50: 189-190.

[25] 25. Melo A, Moura L, Meireles A, Costa G. Danazol, a new perspective in the treatment of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (preliminary report). Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1992, 50: 402-403.

[26] 26. Melo A, Moura L, Rios S, Machado M, Costa G. Magnetic ressonance imaging in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1993, 51: 329-332.

[27] 27. Moreno-Carvalho OA, Santos JI, Di Credico G, Galvão-Castro B, Evidence of preferencial female prevalence of HTLV-1 associated tropical spastic paraparesis in Bahia-Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1992, 50: 183-188.

[28] 28. Roman GC. The neuroepidemiology of tropical spastic paraparesis. Ann Neurol 1988, 23 (Suppl): S113-S120.

[29] 29. Spina-França A, Livramento JA, Machado LR, Gomes HR, Viana LS, Castro LHM, Nóbrega JPS, Bacheschi LA. HTLV-1 antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in tropical spastic paraparesis in Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1990, 48: 441-447.

[30] 30. Takayanagui OM, Cantos JL, Jardim E. Tropical spastic paraparesis in Brazil (Letter). Lancet 1991,2: 309.

[31] 31. Yasuda M. Considerations on HAM/TSP: rediscovering Tumaco. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1993, 51: 137-146.

[32] 32. Zaninovic V, Biojó R, Barreto P. Paraparesia espástica del Pacífico. Colombia Med 1981, 12: 111-117.