Osteoporosis is a systemic disorder characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. Consequently, there is an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture, which is considered the most important clinical outcome of this process. Several studies using twins or parents- offspring models have confirmed the strong heritability of peak bone mass, in fact, the major risk factor of fracture. In this review article, we focused on the candidate genes involved in osteoporosis, pointing out the importance of the interaction between gene-gene and gene-environment. Concerning the environmental influence itself, we approach about life style, nutrition and smoke habit related with the disease onset. During the coming years, knowledge on the genetic molecular basis will elucidate the osteoporosis process. At the same way, clinical studies will expand in order to contribute to early detection of the disease, thus allowing application of adequate preventive and therapeutic measures.
Osteoporosis; Genetic aspects; Prevention; Detection