OBJECTIVE: To report a case series of benign transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy (BTHI). DESCRIPTION (CASE REPORT): A series of four girls with BTHI is described. The age range was 11-45 months (median: 13 months). At diagnosis, the serum alkaline phosphatase was 1.1- 6.1 times (median: 1.36) above the reference values. Return to normal values occurred between 7-11 months (median: 9 months). There was no evidence of bone, liver, or endocrine disease, and none of the patients were using medications that could lead to serum alkaline phosphatase level rise. One of the patients presented with upper airway infection before the hyperphosphatasemia was diagnosed. Aspartate-aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels were normal in all children. Parathyroid hormone was normal in the three patients tested. In two patients, the investigation for hepatitis A, B and C was negative. Alkaline phosphatase was normal in three of four parent couples tested. COMMENTS: BTHI is a self-limited and benign disease with spontaneous resolution affecting children younger than five years old, without clinical or laboratorial evidence of osseous, hepatic and endocrine disorders. The etiology remains unclear. BTHI potential should be considered in the diagnostic evaluation of hyperphosphatasemia in order to avoid unnecessary tests.
Hypophosphatasia; Alkaline phosphatase; Child
