Health-related quality of life after stroke

Cross-sectional study conducted at a rehabilitation center for stroke survivors with 104 patients. The Mini-mental state examination (MMSE); an instrument for collection of sociodemographic, economic, clinical, and family related information; and the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale were applied.

Results

Of the 104 people investigated, 77 did not have cognitive deficit and answered the instruments. Their mean at the MMSE was 24.9 (±4.3). 51.9% were men and their mean age was 57.3 (±17.2) years. Most of them were married (48.1%) and had eight or more years of schooling (50.7%). Their health-related quality of life was affected (146.8±36.3), mainly in the social and family relations domains.

Conclusion

An impairment in the health-related quality of life and negative consequences of the stroke were observed, together with dyslipidemia, left-side hemiplegia, and speech difficulty.

Quality of life; Stroke; Nursing research; Public health nursing

Characteristics	Mean±SD	n(%)
MMSE Score	24.9(4.3)
Sex
Male		40(51.9)
Female		37(48.1)
Age (years)	57.3(17.2)
Skin color
White		19(24.7)
Black		13(16.9)
Brown		44(57.1)
Yellow		1(1.3)
Marital status
Single		19(24.7)
Married		37(48.1)
Divorced/separated		8(10.4)
Widowed		5(6.5)
Living with a partner		8(10.4)
Schooling
Illiterate		11(14.3)
1 to 8 years, unfinished		27(35)
8 or more years		39(50.7)
Individual income (MW)*	1.333.0(1.616.3)
≤1		42(54.4)
Greater than 1 up to 2		21(27.3)
>2		14(18.3)
Has a caretaker
Yes		54(70.1)
No		23(29.9)
Who the caretaker is
Spouse		19(35.2)
Child		16(29.6)
Other		19(35.2)
Stroke type
Ischemic		49(63.6)
Hemorrhagic		22(28.6)
No answer		6(7.8)
Had a stroke before
Yes		15(19.5)
No		62(80.5)
Hospitalization (days)	20.42(25.42)
No		2(2.6)
1		3(3.8)
2-7		21(27.3)
8-15		24(31.2)
>15		25(32.5)
No answer		2(2.6)
Risk factors
Systemic high blood pressure		56(72.7)
Diabetes		12(15.6)
Cardiopathies		16(20.8)
Dyslipidemia		37(48.1)
Sedentariness		56(72.7)
Smoking		25(32.5)
Frequent intake of alcohol		28(36.4)
Sequelae
Left-sided hemiparesis		30(39)
Right-sided hemiparesis		32(41.6)
Right-sided hemiplegia		6(7.8)
Visual impairment		9(11.7)
Speech impairment		22(28.6)

Health-related quality of life-SS-QOL	Mean ± SD Total score per domain	Mean ± SD Score per answer
Domain personal care	17.0(5.2)	3.4(1.1)
Domain sight	12.8(2.6)	4.3(0.9)
Domain language	18.8(5.5)	3.8(1.1)
Domain mobility	17.79(7.5)	3.3(1.0)
Domain work/productivity	8.6(3.5)	2.9(1.2)
Domain upper members' function	14.9(5.4)	3.0(1.1)
Domain way of thinking	9.0(3.6)	3.0(1.2)
Domain behavior	7.7(4.3)	2.6(1.4)
Domain stamina	14.2(5.5)	2.8(1.1)
Domain family relations	7.3(3.7)	2.4(1.2)
Domain social relations	10.6(5.3)	2.1(1.1)
Domain energy	8.1(4.2)	2.7(1.4)
Total score - Health-related quality of life	146.8(36.3)	3.1(0.8)

Variables	n	HRQoL**	Statistic	p-value
MMSE score	77		0.4*	0.0
Sex			-0.3†	0.8
Female	37	145.7 (39.6)
Male	40	147.9 (33.5)
Age			-0.2‡	0.1
Skin color			1.2‡	0.3
White	19	157.7 (43.6)
Black	13	148.4 (31.3)
Brown	44	142.2 (34.3)
Marital status			1.1†	0.3
Married	37	152.3 (40.7)
Not married	40	143.0 (32.8)
Schooling			6.4§	0.0
Illiterate	11	131.3 (24.3)
1 to 8 years, unfinished	27	133.5 (29.5)
8 or more years	39	160.5 (38.7)
Monthly individual income (MW)¶			0.1*	0.3
≤1	42	144.2 (36.6)
>1 up to 2	21	139.3 (36.5)	2.1§	0.1
>2	9	158.6 (31.6)
Type of stroke			-1.3†	0.2
Ischemic	49	142.2 (34.2)
Hemorrhagic	22	154.9 (42.2)
Had a stroke before			-0.8†	0.4
Yes	15	140.2 (38.8)
No	62	148.5 (35.8)
Hospitalization days			0.1†	0.5
Sequelae
Left-sided hemiparesis			-0.5†	0.6
Yes	30	144.1 (37.8)
No	47	148.6 (35.7)
Right-sided hemiparesis			2.0†	0.0
Yes	32	156.4 (35.3)
No	45	140.0 (35.8)
Variables	n	HRQoL**	Statistic	p-value
Left-sided hemiplegia			-2.1†	0.0
Yes	6	118.2 (26.5)
No	71	149.27(36.1)		to be continued
Variables	n	HRQoL**	Statistic	p-value
Sight impairment			-0.6†	0.1
Yes	9	140.0 (28.1)
No	68	147.8 (37.3)
Speech impairment			-2.2†	0.0
Yes	22	134.7 (26.7)
No	55	151.7 (38.7)
Other sequelae			-1.3†	0.2
Yes	13	135.2 (36.1)
No	64	149.2 (36.2)
Risk factors
Systemic high blood pressure			-1.6†	0.1
Yes	56	142.8 (34.2)
No	21	157.8 (40.2)
Diabetes			-0.9†	0.4
Yes	12	140.0 (25.0)
No	65	148.1 (38.0)
Cardiopathies			-0.2†	0.8
Yes	16	145.2 (33.4)
No	61	147.3 (37.3)
Dyslipidemia			-2.2†	0.0
Yes	37	137.7 (31.4)
No	40	155.4 (38.8)
Sedentariness			-0.6†	0.6
Yes	56	145.4 (37.1)
No	21	150.6 (34.7)
Smoking			-0.4†	0.7
Yes	25	144.7 (38.9)
2No	52	147.9 (35.4)
Frequent alcohol use			-0.6†	0.6
Yes	28	143.5 (40.4)
No	49	148.8 (34.0)

Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo R. Napoleão de Barros, 754, 04024-002 São Paulo - SP/Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 5576 4430 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: actapaulista@unifesp.br

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[1] Corresponding author. Mary Ângela de Oliveira Canuto Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil. maryangela.canuto@yahoo.com.br