Volume de calda em pulverização por energia hidráulica e centrífuga empregado no controle da ferrugem asiática da soja

O objetivo da realização deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle da ferrugem asiática da soja (Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & P. Sydow) em função do uso de menores volumes de aplicação associados a bicos de pulverização de energia hidráulica e centrífuga. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com a cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) cultivar "BRS Valiosa RR', em área experimental da Unesp, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos volumes de 50, 100 e 150 L ha^-1 (gotas produzidas por energia hidráulica) e 17, 35 e 50 L ha^-1 (gotas produzidas por energia centrífuga), mais um tratamento adicional sem aplicação do fungicida. O volume de 150 L ha^-1 com gotas formadas por energia hidráulica proporcionou maior controle do patógeno pelo fungicida azoxystrobina e cyproconazole em relação aos demais tratamentos. Aplicações com o volume de 17 L ha^-1 com gotas formadas por energia centrífuga foi menos eficiente com maior severidade da ferrugem asiática e menor produtividade.

Palavras-chave
bico de pulverização; cobertura; deposição; Glycine max; Phakopsora pachyrhizi; severidade da doença

Autoria

Lilian Lúcia Costa ^**Author for correspondence. E-mail:lilianlcosta@yahoo.com.br

Departamento de Fitossanidade, Núcleo de Estudo e Desenvolvimento em Tecnologia de Aplicação, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n,14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita FilhoBrazilJaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Fitossanidade, Núcleo de Estudo e Desenvolvimento em Tecnologia de Aplicação, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n,14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.

Marcelo da Costa Ferreira

Henrique Borges Neves Campos

Giorge Gomes França de Carvalho

José Calos Barbosa

Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"BrazilJaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências Exatas, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.

*Author for correspondence. E-mail:lilianlcosta@yahoo.com.br

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Figuras | Tabelas | Fórmulas

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (5)
Fórmulas (1)

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Figure 1
Mixture deposition (10^-6 L cm^-2 of leaf surface) on the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the soybean plants. NH - The hydraulic energy nozzle. NC - The centrifugal energy nozzle. 50; 100; 150; 17; 35 and 50 L ha^-1.

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Figure 2
The coverage, as a percentage, of the water sensitive paper on the upper, middle and lower thirds of the soybean plants. NH - The hydraulic energy nozzle. NC - The centrifugal energy nozzle. 50; 100; 150; 17; 35 and 50 L ha^-1.

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Figure 3
Soybean grain yield (kg ha^-1) after application of the treatments. NH - The hydraulic energy nozzle. NC - The centrifugal energy nozzle. CT - The check treatment. 50; 100; 150; 17; 35 and 50 L ha^-1. Means followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different at the 5% level of probability, according to Tukey's test. *Means followed by an asterisk differ significantly from the check treatment at the level of 5% of probability, according to Dunnet's test.

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Table 1
The characteristics of the necessary conditions for the studied treatments.

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Table 2
The prevailing meteorological conditions during the experiment.

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Table 3
Analysis of variance and comparisons between the means of the data of median volumetric diameter (Dv0.5); the percentage of droplets smaller than 100 µm (% < 100 µm) and the uniformity coefficient (Coef. Unif.).

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Table 4
The areas below the progress curves, calculated based on the severity of the disease at the upper, middle, and lower plant thirds after treatment application.

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Table 5
Correlation coefficients between ASR severity (AACPD) and the deposition (Dep.) and coverage (Cov.) of the mixture volume sprayed on the upper (U), middle (M), and lower (L) plant thirds.

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Figure 1 Mixture deposition (10^-6 L cm^-2 of leaf surface) on the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the soybean plants. NH - The hydraulic energy nozzle. NC - The centrifugal energy nozzle. 50; 100; 150; 17; 35 and 50 L ha^-1.

Figure 2 The coverage, as a percentage, of the water sensitive paper on the upper, middle and lower thirds of the soybean plants. NH - The hydraulic energy nozzle. NC - The centrifugal energy nozzle. 50; 100; 150; 17; 35 and 50 L ha^-1.

Figure 3 Soybean grain yield (kg ha^-1) after application of the treatments. NH - The hydraulic energy nozzle. NC - The centrifugal energy nozzle. CT - The check treatment. 50; 100; 150; 17; 35 and 50 L ha^-1. Means followed by the same lower case letter are not significantly different at the 5% level of probability, according to Tukey's test. *Means followed by an asterisk differ significantly from the check treatment at the level of 5% of probability, according to Dunnet's test.

Table 1 The characteristics of the necessary conditions for the studied treatments.

Table 2 The prevailing meteorological conditions during the experiment.

SD - The soybean plant stage of development, which was based on the phenological scale byRITCHIE et al. (1982RITCHIE, S.; HANWAY, J. J.; THOMPSON, H. E. How a soybean plant develops. Ames: Iowa State University of Science and Technology/Coop. Ext. Serv., Special Report, 53. 1982.). Temp. - The temperature. RH -The relative humidity of the air. WS - The wind speed.

Table 3 Analysis of variance and comparisons between the means of the data of median volumetric diameter (Dv0.5); the percentage of droplets smaller than 100 µm (% < 100 µm) and the uniformity coefficient (Coef. Unif.).

NH - The hydraulic energy nozzle. NC - The centrifugal energy nozzle. 50; 100; 150; 17; 35 e 50 L ha^-1. CV - The coefficient of variation. In the same column, the means followed by the same small case letter are not significantly different at the level of 5% of probability, according to Tukey's test. By the F test ** significant at 1% of probability.

Table 4 The areas below the progress curves, calculated based on the severity of the disease at the upper, middle, and lower plant thirds after treatment application.

NH - The hydraulic energy nozzle. NC - The centrifugal energy nozzle. 50; 100; 150; 17; 35 and 50 L ha^-1. CV: The coefficient of variation. Means in the same column, followed by the same small case letter, are not significantly different at the level of 5% of probability, according to Tukey's test. Means followed by a space bar (׀) differ significantly from the check treatment according to the test by Dunnet at the 5% level of probability. By the F test, **significant at the 1% level of probability. F and CV_Treat. refer to the values found for comparisons between plots treated with fungicides. F and CV_{Check x Treat.} refer to the values found for comparisons between the blank treatment and the plots treated with fungicides.

Table 5 Correlation coefficients between ASR severity (AACPD) and the deposition (Dep.) and coverage (Cov.) of the mixture volume sprayed on the upper (U), middle (M), and lower (L) plant thirds.

⁽¹⁾
The number of pairs used for the correlation is equal to 24. According to the F test, ^ns not significant; *significant at the 5% level of probability, **significant at the 1% level of probability.

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Volume de calda em pulverização por energia hidráulica e centrífuga empregado no controle da ferrugem asiática da soja

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail:lilianlcosta@yahoo.com.br