Requirement for digestible lysine in Nile tilapias (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) with live weight between 500 and 600 g

The present study was carried out with the objective of determining the requirements for digestible lysine in Nile tilapia during the 500 to 600 g live weight stage. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were tested with increasing amounts of digestible lysine. L-lysine HCl (78%) were used to replace glutamic acid at increasing levels, resulting in treatments of 9.3, 12.3, 15.3, 18.3 and 21.3 g kg^-1 of digestible lysine. Three hundred Nile tilapias with an average weight of 519 ± 27.23 g were used and distributed among 25 tanks. The physical and chemical parameters of the water were pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, conductivity and temperature. The mortality rate was registered daily. Two slaughters were performed at 28 and 50 days after the beginning of the experiment. It was estimated that an amount of 13.1 g kg^-1 of digestible lysine was ideal for obtaining higher WG. Fish slaughtered after 50 days, the digestible lysine requirements were determined to be 14.5 g kg^-1 for the lowest carcass humidity and 14.6 g kg^-1 for the greatest carcass ethereal extract. Nile tilapias with live weight between 500 and 600 grams require 13.1 g kg^-1 of digestible lysine in the diet for greater WG (90.53 g) and better FCR (2.55).

Keywords:
Amino acids; fillet yield; performance; specific growth rate

Authorship

José Claudio Bezerra Muniz Junior^** Author for correspondence. E-mail: jose.claudio.bmjr@gmail.com

Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Postboks 1490, 8049, Bodø, Norway. Nord UniversityNorwayBodø, NorwayFaculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Postboks 1490, 8049, Bodø, Norway.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-8702

Suzana Linhares Haidamus

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroBrazilSeropédica, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Noédson de Jesus Beltrão Machado

Colegiado de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil. Universidade Federal do AmazonasBrazilParintins, Amazonas, BrazilColegiado de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Parintins, Amazonas, Brazil.

Felipe Dilelis

Departamento de Nutrição Animal e Pastagens, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroBrazilSeropédica, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDepartamento de Nutrição Animal e Pastagens, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Ronner Joaquim Mendonça Brasil

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Universidade do Estado do AmazonasBrazilManaus, Amazonas, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Débora Vaccari Quaresma

Cristina Amorim Ribeiro de Lima

* Author for correspondence. E-mail: jose.claudio.bmjr@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (4)

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Table 1
Ingredient and nutrient compositions of basal diets used in experiments.

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Table 2
Performance, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency for gain (PEG), lysine efficiency for gain (LEG) of 500 to 600 g Nile tilapia fed increasing amounts of digestible lysine.

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Table 3
Yield, humidity, protein, ethereal extract (EE) and ashes of carcass and fillet and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of Nile tilapia from 500 to 600 g, at 28 days of experiment, fed increasing amounts of digestible lysine.

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Table 4
Yield, humidity, protein, ethereal extract (EE) and ashes of carcass and fillet and hepatosomatic index (HSI), of Nile tilapia from 550 to 600 g, at 50 days of experiment, fed increasing amounts of digestible lysine.

Table 1 Ingredient and nutrient compositions of basal diets used in experiments.

Ingredients	(g kg^-1 as fed)
Corn (7,64% PB)¹	571.72
Soybean meal (45,36% PB)¹	233.14
Corn gluten feed (60% PB)¹	163.81
Dicalcium phosphate	17.02
Glutamic acid	15.00
Mineral and vitamin feed²	14.00
Limestone	8.59
Common salt	6.35
Starch	5.00
Soybean oil	5.00
L-Threonine	4.00
DL-Methionine	2.72
L- Tryptophan	2.44
Kaolin	1.00
BHT	0.20
L-Lysine HCl	0.00
Total	1000.00
Nutritional composition	(g kg^-1 as fed)
Crude protein	259.2
Digestible protein	246.9
Digestible energy (Kcal kg^-1)	3041.20
Raw fiber	23.07
Calcium	8.20
Chlorine	4.31
Available phosphorus	4.50
Sodium	2.70
Digestible lysine	9.32
Total Lysine³	9.45
Digestible arginine	11.41
Digestible threonine	11.10
Digestible tryptophan	3.80
Digestible methionine	6.21
Digestible methionine + cystine	9.00

¹Value determined in the food science laboratory of the Animal Science Institute of the UFRRJ. 2Vitamin A (min.) 860,000 IU kg^-1; vitamin D3 (min.) 240.00 IU kg^-1; vitamin E (min.) 10,500 IU kg^-1; vitamin K3 (min.) 1,400 mg kg^-1; vitamin B1 (min.) 2,100 mg kg^-1; vitamin B2 (min.) 2.150 mg kg-1; vitamin B6 (min.) 2,100 mg kg^-1; vitamin B12 (min.) 2,200 mg kg^-1; vitamin C (min.) 25 g kg^-1; niacin (min) 10 g kg^-1; calcium pantothenate (min.) 5,600 mg kg^-1; folic acid (min.) 580 mg kg^-1; biotin (min.) 17 mg kg^-1; choline chloride (min.) 60 g kg^-1; inositol (min.) 3.570 mg kg^-1; copper (min.) 1.800 mg kg^-1; manganese (min.) 5,000 mg kg^-1; zinc (min.) 8,000 mg kg^-1; iodine (min.) 90 mg kg^-1; selenium (min.) 36 mg kg^-1; cobalt (min.) 55 mg kg^-1; Analyzed amino acid.

Table 2 Performance, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency for gain (PEG), lysine efficiency for gain (LEG) of 500 to 600 g Nile tilapia fed increasing amounts of digestible lysine.

Variable	Lysine Amounts (g kg^-1)
Variable	9.30	12.30	15.30	18.30	21.30	¹Reg.	²CV
Final weight (g)	608.6	611.8	599.52	566.24	580.56	NS	12.55
Weight gain (g)	72.35	107.63	82.52	59.57	46.89	Q³	10.68
Feed intake (g)	235.25	219.5	232.2	225	214	NS	4.07
Feed conversion ratio (g)	3.277	2.057	2.824	3.8	4.662	Q⁴	13.17
SGR	0.197	0.3	0.23	0.173	0.131	Q⁵	11.4
PEG	1.19	1.9	1.37	1.02	0.84	Q⁶	11.81
LEG	33.11	39.98	23.22	14.47	10.23	L⁷	12.87

¹Regression. NS = not significant; Q = significant quadratic effect; L= significant linear effect, all at 5% significance; ²Coefficient of variation; ³y = -71.857x² + 187.81x - 32.192; R² = 74.01; ⁴y = 3.3586x² - 8.8169x + 8.337; R² = 87.21; ⁵y = -0.2142x² + 0.5716x - 0.1279; R² = 74.50; ⁶y = -1.2183x² + 3.2206x - 0.5878; R² = 64.54; ⁷y = -23.643x + 60.434; R² = 82.09

Table 3 Yield, humidity, protein, ethereal extract (EE) and ashes of carcass and fillet and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of Nile tilapia from 500 to 600 g, at 28 days of experiment, fed increasing amounts of digestible lysine.

Variable (%)	Lysine amount (g kg^-1)
Variable (%)	9.30	12.30	15.30	18.30	21.30	¹Req	²CV
Carcass yield	83.87	84.48	83.39	84.8	85.23	NS	2.0
Carcass humidity	69.65	68.71	68.19	68.6	69.94	NS	5.95
Carcass protein	16.21	17.33	16.64	16.69	16.39	NS	4.5
Carcass EE	7.23	8.09	8.87	7.92	7.91	NS	20.01
Carcass ashes	6.65	5.34	5.17	6.46	4.68	NS	12.38
Filet yield	30.39	30.74	30.98	30.95	30.56	NS	3.46
Filet humidity	79.27	79.04	78.93	79.1	78.45	NS	1.65
Filet protein	18.15	19.25	18.46	18.48	18.95	NS	5.39
Filet EE	1.66	1.3	1.92	1.9	1.77	NS	27.62
Filet ashes	1.16	1.14	1.16	1.13	1.14	NS	4.99
HSI	2.37	2.08	2.23	2.27	1.99	NS	13

¹Regression. NS = not significant; Q = significant quadratic effect; L= significant linear effect, all at 5% significance; ²Coefficient of variation.

Table 4 Yield, humidity, protein, ethereal extract (EE) and ashes of carcass and fillet and hepatosomatic index (HSI), of Nile tilapia from 550 to 600 g, at 50 days of experiment, fed increasing amounts of digestible lysine.

Variable (%)	Lysine amount (g kg^-1)
Variable (%)	9.30	12.30	15.30	18.30	21.30	¹Reg.	²CV
Carcass yield	83.67	85.21	82.55	81.87	84.43	NS	2.56
Carcass humidity	70.68	70.38	69.29	70.31	71.69	³Q	1.66
Carcass protein	16.92	16.17	16.82	16.8	15.95	NS	4.96
Carcass lipid	6.36	7.60	7.42	6.98	5.49	⁴Q	15.15
Carcass ashes	5.42	5.59	5.63	5.42	5.27	NS	13.18
Filet yield	30.22	30.32	29.57	30.31	30.97	NS	4.85
Filet humidity	79.95	79.51	80.38	79.32	79.79	NS	0.47
Filet protein	18.13	18.09	17.85	17.78	18.56	NS	4.39
Filet lipid	0.93	0.89	0.58	0.84	0.25	NS	36.12
Filet ashes	1.18	1.12	1.14	1.16	1.17	NS	4.84
HSI	2.46	2.45	3.04	2.72	2.03	NS	23.03

¹Regression at 5% significance: NS = not significant; Q = significant quadratic effect; ²Coefficient of Variation; ³y = 4.2712x² - 12.467x + 78.765; R² = 85.35; ⁴y = -3.9886x² + 11.658x - 1,1199; R² = 97.26

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Requirement for digestible lysine in Nile tilapias (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) with live weight between 500 and 600 g

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: jose.claudio.bmjr@gmail.com