Replacing corn silage with extruded forage in sheep feeding

The objective was to evaluate levels of replacement of corn silage with extruded forage (Foragge^®) in sheep feeding. Twenty adult Santa Inês ewes in maintenance, and 55.8 kg average weight were housed in metabolic cages, and the treatments consisted of 20, 40, 60 and 80% replacement of corn silage with Foragge^® extruded forage with 60% Uruchloa brizantha in the diet. The design was completely randomized, with regression analysis and non-parametric analysis at 5% probability. The supply of up to 80% extruded roughage to replace corn silage increased dry matter intake and digestibility, and fecal output in dry matter (p < 0.05). Also, it increased the efficiency of ingestion, rumination and chewing activities of sheep, but did not alter urinary parameters and energy metabolites (p > 0.05). However, it reduced the concentration of uric acid (p < 0.05). Foragge^® extruded roughage can replace corn silage by up to 80% with changes in intake, digestibility, fecal parameters, ingestive behavior and concentration of uric acid and urea, with no modifications in urinary parameters and energy metabolites.

Keywords:
nutrition; sheep; extrusion

Authorship

Débora Adriana de Paula Silva

Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Universidade Federal de UberlândiaBrazilUberlândia, Minas Gerais, BrazilFaculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Matheus Borges Naves Loreno

Erica Beatriz Schultz ^** Author for correspondence: ericabeatrizschultz@gmail.com

Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Universidade Federal de ViçosaBrazilViçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1916-2117

Marco Tulio Santos Siqueira

Karla Alves Oliveira

Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.Universidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilJaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilDepartamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.

Gilberto de Lima Macedo Junior

* Author for correspondence: ericabeatrizschultz@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (6)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Blood glucose level as a function of collection hours.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Chemical composition of Foragge® 60%, corn silage and diets according to the treatments.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Effect of replacing corn silage with extruded forage on dry matter intake and digestibility of ewes.

Thumbnail

Table 3
Effect of replacing corn silage with extruded forage in sheep diet on fecal and urinary parameters and water consumption.

Thumbnail

Table 4
Effect of replacing corn silage with extruded forage in sheep diet on ingestive behavior.

Thumbnail

Table 5
Effect of extruded forage: corn silage ratio on glucose level.

Thumbnail

Table 6
Effect of the extruded forage: corn silage ratio on the concentration of energy and protein metabolites.

Figure 1 Blood glucose level as a function of collection hours.

Table 1 Chemical composition of Foragge® 60%, corn silage and diets according to the treatments.

				Nutrient concentration (g kg^-1)
Item	DM	CP	NDF	ADF	TDN	MM	Starch
Foragge^® 60% (F)¹	884.3	70	503.3	333.8	650	44	243
Corn silage (S)²	312	80	571.1	361.7	625.2	103	256.3³
Treatments			DM	CP	NDF	ADF	TDN
20F:80S			426.5	78	557.5	356.1	629.1
40F:60S			540.9	76	544	350.5	633
60F:40S			655.4	74	530.4	345	636.9
80F:20S			769.8	72	516.9	339.4	640.8

DM: Dry matter; CP: Crude Protein; NDF: Neutral Detergent Fiber; ADF: Acid Detergent Fiber; TDN: Total Digestible Nutrients. ¹Values provided by the manufacturer Nutratta^®. ²Values obtained by chemical analysis conducted at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia. ³Data taken from the Brazilian Food Composition Tables for Cattle, by Valadares Filho, Magalhães, Rocha Júnior and Cappelle (2006Valadares Filho, S. C., Magalhães, K. A., Rocha Júnior, V. R., & Cappelle, E. R. (Ed.). (2006). Tabelas brasileiras de composição de alimentos para bovinos. Viçosa, MG: UFV.).

Table 2 Effect of replacing corn silage with extruded forage on dry matter intake and digestibility of ewes.

Treatment	DMI¹(kg day^-1)	DMI/BW²(%)	DMI/MW³	DDM⁴(g kg^-1)
20% F:80% S	1.48	2.70	73.63	618.1
40% F:60% S	1.51	2.68	73.63	467.6
60% F:40% S	1.39	2.55	69.30	408.5
80% F:20% S	2.53	4.48	123.03	571.1
MG	1.73	3.11	84.90	516.3
CV	15.52	11.60	12.07	12.56
p - value	0.0025	0.0015	0.0002	0.0257

¹Y = 2.367355 - 0.054476x + 0.0006 x² R² = 88.38%; ²Y = 4.244650 - 0.095814x + 0.001219x² R² = 90.67%; ³Y = 116.102245 - 2.639097x + 0.033585x² R²= 90.03%; ⁴Y = 95.771340 - 2.056753x + 0.019567x² R² = 96.89%; F = Foragge^®, CS= Corn silage; GM: general mean; CV; coefficient of variation; MW = metabolic weight (Body weight ^0.75); BW = body weight; DMI: dry matter intake; DDM: digestibility of dry matter.

Table 3 Effect of replacing corn silage with extruded forage in sheep diet on fecal and urinary parameters and water consumption.

Treatment	FNM	FDMO³	FDM	FS*
20F:80S	2.18	0.704	344.4	2.36 AB
40F:60S	2.54	0.861	365.0	2.16 B
60F:40S	3.16	0.935	299.8	2.56 A
80F:20S	3.22	1.168	365.2	2.96 A
GM	2.78	0.917	343.6	2.51
CV	27.50	27.71	28.13	-
P-value	0.4587	0.0365	0.8847	0.0075
Treatment	CH₂O¹	CH₂O/DMI²	Ur. Vol.	Ur. Dens.
20F:80S	1.97	1.34	0.871	1.0282
40F:60S	2.49	1.64	1.130	1.0248
60F:40S	3.31	2.42	1.070	1.0250
80F:20S	3.67	1.43	0.473	1.0396
GM	2.86	1.71	0.888	1.0294
CV	29.95	27.77	32.48	1.16
P-value	0.0241	0.0458	0.7745	0.6912

*Non-parametric statistics; FNM= fecal natural matter (kg dia^-1); FDM= fecal dry matter output (g day^-1); FDM = fecal dry matter (g kg^-1); FS= fecal score; CH₂O= water consumption (L day^-1), DMI = dry matter intake (L kg^-1), Ur. Vol. = Urine volume (L day^-1); Ur. Dens. = Urine density (Ml dL^-1); F = Foragge^®, CS= Corn silage; MG: general mean; CV: coefficient of variation. ¹Y = 1.38600 + 0.029600x; R² = 98.01%; ²Y = 0.177785 + 0.086534x - 0.000812x²; R² = 65.29%; ³Y = 0.551380 + 0.007325x; R² = 96.10%

Table 4 Effect of replacing corn silage with extruded forage in sheep diet on ingestive behavior.

Treatment	Ingestion (min day^-1)	Rumination¹ (min day^-1)	Idle² (min day^-1)	Chewing³ (min day^-1)
20F:80S	333.00	510.00	597.00	843.00
40F:60S	365.00	527.00	548.00	892.00
60F:40S	284.00	495.00	661.00	779.00
80F:20S	310.00	342.00	788.00	652.00
GM	323.00	468.50	648.50	791.50
CV	22.34	13.28	15.19	12.45
P-value	0.7425	0.0038	0.0003	0.0059
	Ingestive behavior efficiency (g min^-1)
Treatment	Ingestion⁴	Rumination⁵	Chewing⁶
20F:80S	4.55	2.93	1.76
40F:60S	4.23	2.87	1.70
60F:40S	5.18	2.84	1.79
80F:20S	8.36	7.52	3.93
GM	5.58	4.04	2.30
CV	20.45	18.65	16.04
P-value	0.0001	0.0000	0.0000

F = Foragge^®, CS= Corn silage; MG: general mean; CV: coefficient of variation. ¹Y = 390.00 + 7.9450x - 0.106250x²; R² = 98.81%; ²Y = 477.00 + 3.430x; R² = 72.69%; ³Y = 963.00 - 3.430x; R² = 72.69%; ⁴Y = 6.87452 - 0.157315x + 0.002192x²; R² = 99.56%; ⁵Y = 6.544695 - 0.227925x + 0.02967x²; R² = 93.25%; ⁶Y = 3.400231 - 0.104508x + 0.001375x²; R² = 94.98%.

Table 5 Effect of extruded forage: corn silage ratio on glucose level.

Treatment	Glycemia (mg dL^-1)
20F:80S	71.20
40F:60S	73.48
60F:40S	72.40
80F:20S	70.84
GM	71.98
CV	14.66
p - value	0.8632
Reference value*	30 - 94

*Silva et al. (2020Silva, D. A P., Santana, A. G., Araújo, C. M., Oliveira, K. A., Siqueira, M. T. S. S., & Macedo Júnior, G. L. (2020b). Avaliação dos efeitos nutricionais e metabólicos da substituição de silagem de milho por ração extrusada de Capim-marandu (Urochloa brizantha) em ovinos. Caderno de Ciências Agrárias, 12, 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2020.19833
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35699... b). MG: general mean; CV: coefficient of variation.

Table 6 Effect of the extruded forage: corn silage ratio on the concentration of energy and protein metabolites.

Treatment	Triglycerides (mg dL^-1)	Cholesterol (mg dL^-1)	Total protein (g dL^-1)	Albumin (g dL^-1)	Uric acid¹ (mg dL^-1)	Urea² (mg dL^-1)	Creatinine (mg dL^-1)
20F:80S	39.10	37.00	2.78	3.97	0.72A	21.86	0.68
40F:60S	47.20	37.26	2.33	3.81	0.34B	28.46	0.79
60F:40S	37.93	34.06	4.34	3.36	0.39B	39.66	0.86
80F:20S	48.33	35.53	2.48	3.55	0.26B	32.53	0.78
GM	43.14	35.96	2.98	3.67	-	30.63	0.78
CV	14.17	18.75	30.72	15.68	-	18.11	18.77
RV^*	5 - 71	14 - 126	3.10 - 10.7	1.1 - 5.2	0.0 - 1.7	10 - 92	0.4 - 1.7
P-value	0.7458	0.8869	0.3648	0.6174	0.0487	0.0087	0.8889

¹Non-parametric statistics; GM: general mean; ²Y= 2,66640 + 1.074348x - 0.008584x²; R²= 84.23%; RV (Reference value, according to Silva et al., 2020Silva, D. A P., Santana, A. G., Araújo, C. M., Oliveira, K. A., Siqueira, M. T. S. S., & Macedo Júnior, G. L. (2020b). Avaliação dos efeitos nutricionais e metabólicos da substituição de silagem de milho por ração extrusada de Capim-marandu (Urochloa brizantha) em ovinos. Caderno de Ciências Agrárias, 12, 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2020.19833
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35699... b)

How to cite

copy

Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM Av. Colombo, 5790, bloco 40, CEP 87020-900 , Tel. (55 44) 3011-4253, Fax (55 44) 3011-1392 - Maringá - PR - Brazil
E-mail: actaanim@uem.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Versão para download de PDF

PDF

Inglês

Versões e tradução automática

Versão original do texto

English

Tradução automática

Google Translator
Microsoft Translator

Como citar

RIS

BIBTEX

Outros formatos de citação e exportação:

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 1087 – 9º andar – Vila Clementino 04037-003 São Paulo/SP - Brasil
E-mail: scielo@scielo.org

Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

Replacing corn silage with extruded forage in sheep feeding

PlumX

Mensagem

[1] * Author for correspondence: ericabeatrizschultz@gmail.com