Influence of guava residue on tambaqui growth performance

Fruit residues represent alternative ingredients that can be included in diets of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. This study evaluated the growth performance of tambaqui fed diets containing different levels of guava agroindustrial residue. The experiment was based on a completely randomised design, with 105 fish randomly distributed in 15 plastic 60 L^-1 boxes with a water recirculation system. Feeding was carried out to apparent satiety for 45 days, using diets with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 inclusion of guava residue. Biometrics were performed every 15 days. Quadratic effect (p < 0.05) was observed for daily feed intake and apparent feed conversion, with optimum levels of 4.86 and 6.05% inclusion of guava residue, respectively. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in relation to final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, hepato-somatic index, survival rate and protein efficiency rate by the dietary treatments. The inclusion of up to 150 g kg^-1 of the guava agroindustrial residue in the feed did not compromise the performance of tambaqui juveniles.

Keywords:
agroindustrial residues; Psidium guajava; fish nutrition; Colossoma macropomum

Authorship

Ubatã Corrêa Pereira ^** Author for correspondence. E-mail: ubata.med.vet@gmail.com

Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil. Universidade Federal de SergipeBrazilSão Cristóvão, Sergipe, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9972-1208

Romy Gleyse Chagas Barros

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil. Universidade Federal de SergipeBrazilSão Cristóvão, Sergipe, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.

Priscila Monise Dos Santos Santana

Anailton Carlos Alves de Almeida

Jodnes Sobreira Vieira

Nataly Meira Matos

Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.Universidade Federal de SergipeBrazilSão Cristóvão, Sergipe, BrazilDepartamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.

Carolina Nunes Costa Bomfim

* Author for correspondence. E-mail: ubata.med.vet@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Scatter plot of the means and quadratic regression equation showing the effect of rations containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg⁽¹ of guava agroindustrial residue on the daily feed intake of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum.

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Figure 2
Scatter plot of the means and quadratic regression equation showing the effect of rations containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 of guava agroindustrial residue on the apparent feed conversion of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum.

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Table 1
Proximate composition: crude energy (CE), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibers (NDF), total carbohydrate (TCHO), ethereal extract (EE), crude protein (CP) and ashes (ASH) of the guava residue (% dry matter).

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Table 2
Formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 inclusion of guava agroindustrial residue.

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Table 3
Mean values (±SD) of initial weight (IW), final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), daily feed intake (DFI), apparent feed conversion (FC), specific growth rate (SGR), hepato-somatic index (HSI), survival rate (SR) and protein efficiency rate (PER) of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, fed rations containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 inclusion of guava residue.

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Table 4
Proximate composition: dry matter (CM), crude protein (CP), ethereal extrfact (EE) and asches (ASH) of tambaqui, Collossoma macropomum fed diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 inclusion of grava residue (neam ± SD, % dry matter).

Figure 1 Scatter plot of the means and quadratic regression equation showing the effect of rations containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg⁽¹ of guava agroindustrial residue on the daily feed intake of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum.

Figure 2 Scatter plot of the means and quadratic regression equation showing the effect of rations containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 of guava agroindustrial residue on the apparent feed conversion of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum.

Table 1 Proximate composition: crude energy (CE), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibers (NDF), total carbohydrate (TCHO), ethereal extract (EE), crude protein (CP) and ashes (ASH) of the guava residue (% dry matter).

CE (kcal kg^-1)^⁋	4652.90
DM (%)	91.70
NDF (%)	73.31
TCHO (%)^⸹	70.96
EE (%)	15.49
CP (%)	10.51
ASH (%)	3.04

^⁋ CE = {[(CP x 4.0 kcal g^-1) + (EE x 9.0 kcal g^-1) + (TCHO x 4.0 kcal g^-1)] x 10}. ^⸹ TCHO = 100% - (CP + EE + ASH).

Table 2 Formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 inclusion of guava agroindustrial residue.

Ingredient	Diets
Ingredient	0	50	100	150	200
Guava residue	0.00	5.00	10.00	15.00	20.00
Soybean meal	32.00	31.50	30.50	30.00	31.00
Corn gluten	7.95	7.80	7.60	7.60	5.00
Fish meal	22.00	22.50	23.00	22.85	22.95
Corn meal	15.00	12.00	11.00	6.00	5.00
Wheat bran	10.45	8.40	7.00	7.85	5.00
L-Lysine	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
DL-Methionine	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Soy oil	5.50	5.22	4.20	4.02	3.73
Dicalcium phosphate	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Vitamin C⸶	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Common salt	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Premix min,vit,aa^⸸	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
BHT	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
Proximate composition
Crude energy (kcal kg¹)^⁋	3727.4	3705.2	3778.6	3728.7	3722.3
Dry matter (%)	93.96	96.07	95.44	96.44	95.54
Neutral detergent fibers (%)	37.46	44.60	50.33	49.27	50.43
Total carbohydrate (%)^⸹	43.06	43.90	44.08	44.41	44.29
Crude protein (%)	32.17	31.80	31.42	31.73	31.33
Ashes (%)	16.79	16.62	16.48	16.27	16.63
Ethereal extract (%)	7.98	7.68	8.02	7.59	7.75

^⁋ CE = {[(CP x 4.0 kcal g^-1) + (EE x 9.0 kcal g^-1) + (TCHO x 4.0 kcal g^-1)] x 10}. ⸶ Ascorbic acid polyphosphate = 350.000 g kg^-1. ^⸸ Premix min,vit e aa - Composition per pound of product: Vit. A = 2,000,000 UI kg^-1; Vit. D3 = 800,000 UI kg^-1; Vit. E = 20,000 UI kg^-1; Vit. K3 = 1,000 mg kg^-1; Vit. B1 = 5,000 mg kg^-1; Vit. B2 = 5,000 mg kg^-1; Vit. B6 = 5,000 mg kg^-1; Vit. B12 = 6,000 mg kg^-1; Ac. folic = 1,000 mg kg^-1; Ac. Pantothenic = 10 g kg^-1; Ac. ascorbic = 75 g kg^-1; Biotine = 160 mg kg^-1; Choline = 200 g kg^-1; Co = 40 mg kg^-1; Cu = 2,800 mg kg^-1; Fe = 20 g kg^-1; Mn = 5,200 mg kg^-1; I = 120 mg kg^-1; K = 28 g kg^-1; Niacine = 20 g kg^-1 e Methionine = 2,600 mg kg^-1.

Table 3 Mean values (±SD) of initial weight (IW), final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), daily feed intake (DFI), apparent feed conversion (FC), specific growth rate (SGR), hepato-somatic index (HSI), survival rate (SR) and protein efficiency rate (PER) of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, fed rations containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 inclusion of guava residue.

	0	50	100	150	200	P*
IW (g)	6.20 ± 0.4	5.96 ± 0.6	6.38 ± 0.0	6.02 ± 0.4	5.94 ± 0.2	0.701
FW (g)	54.97 ± 7.3	55.09 ± 3.6	72.47 ± 9.9	55.18 ± 4.2	60.32 ± 6.3	0.038
WG (g)	48.77 ± 7.0	49.13 ± 4.2	66.09 ± 9.9	49.16 ± 4.7	54.38 ± 6.2	0.044
DFI (% fish^-1 day^-1)	3.47 ± 0.0a	3.44 ± 0.1a	3.63 ± 0.2a	3.63 ± 0.0a	4.36 ± 0.5b	0.001
FC (g g^-1)	0.98 ± 0.0a	0.96 ± 0.0a	0.97 ± 0.0a	1.01 ± 0.0a	1.19 ± 0.1b	0.003
SGR (%)	4.84 ± 0.2	4.95 ± 0.3	5.38 ± 0.3	4.92 ± 0.3	5.15 ± 0.1	0.255
HSI (%)	1.07 ± 0.1	1.12 ± 0.0	0.92 ± 0.0	0.94 ± 0.1	0.92 ± 0.0	0.093
SR (%)	100.0 ± 0.0	100.0 ± 0.0	100.0 ± 0.0	100.0 ± 0.0	100.0 ± 0.0	0.000
PER (%)	1.51 ± 0.2	1.54 ± 0.1	2.10 ± 0.3	1.55 ± 0.1	1.74 ± 0.1	0.033

*Different letters between lines represent a significant difference at 5% (p < 0.05).

Table 4 Proximate composition: dry matter (CM), crude protein (CP), ethereal extrfact (EE) and asches (ASH) of tambaqui, Collossoma macropomum fed diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 inclusion of grava residue (neam ± SD, % dry matter).

	0	50	100	150	200	P*
DM (%)	95.79 ± 0.7	95.05 ± 0.8	95.38 ± 0.4	95.01 ± 0.6	95.13 ± 0.3	0.612
CP (%)	61.21 ± 3.7	59.79 ± 1.5	59.66 ± 1.3	61.63 ± 0.7	63.13 ± 0.9	0.389
EE (%)	23.91 ± 1.9b	21.03 ± 1.1ab	20.75 ± 1.1ab	19.42 ± 0.8a	19.12 ± 1.5a	0.023
ASH (%)	15.14 ± 0.6	15.17 ± 0.0	15.12 ± 0.4	15.75 ± 0.7	15.69 ± 0.5	0.457

* Different letters between lines represent a significant difference at 5% (p < 0.05).

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[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: ubata.med.vet@gmail.com