DAROLT, MOACIR ROBERTO; LAMINE, CLAIRE; BRANDENBURG, ALFIO; ALENCAR, MARIA DE CLÉOFAS FAGGION; ABREU, LUCIMAR SANTIAGO

doi:10.1590/1809-4422ASOC121132V1922016

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Sumário

Articles • Ambient. soc. 19 (2) • Apr-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422ASOC121132V1922016 copiar

ALTERNATIVE FOOD NETWORKS AND NEW PRODUCER-CONSUMER RELATIONS IN FRANCE AND IN BRAZIL

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

Este trabajo analiza las redes alternativas de comercialización de productos ecológicos y nuevas relaciones de producción-consumo. El método de investigación se basó en descriptivo de 20 casos seleccionados y entrevistas cualitativas con los actores (agricultores, comercializadores, consumidores y expertos) del mercado de alimentos ecológicos en Francia y en sur de Brasil. Los resultados ofrecen una tipología, las características y la organización de los circuitos cortos. Los sistemas alternativos son muy diversos y dinámicos, siendo una opción social, económica y ambiental para la agricultura familiar, además de fortalecer los mercados locales y reconectar productores y consumidores. En los dos países las iniciativas de éxito de sistemas alternativos ocurren donde hay formas de coordinación de redes y alianzas entre el gobierno, las organizaciones no gubernamentales, empresas, organizaciones de agricultores y consumidores.

Palavras Clave
Mercados Locales; Comida Orgánica; Agroecología; Comercio Justo

Types of Alternative Channels	France	Brazil
Producers' Markets (organic/agroecological)	**	***
Collective Points of Sale (CPS)	***	-
AMAP (Consumers' Association)	***	-
Home boxes	**	**
Independent Organic Shops	***	*
Shops belonging to producers and consumers cooperatives	**	*
Distribution Networks (participatory Certification)	-	***
Farm shops	**	*
Farm hosting (gastronomy, leisure, sports, accommodation and educational activities)	***	*
Government programs (school meals; population at nutritional risk)	**	**
Public or private collective restaurants; traditional restaurants	**	*
Virtual shops (internet sites for ecological products)	**	*

ANPPAS - Revista Ambiente e Sociedade Anppas / Revista Ambiente e Sociedade - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistaambienteesociedade@gmail.com

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[TFN1] Note: - absent or rare; * little developed; ** average; *** well developed (level of development)

[TFN2] Source: produced by the authors.

Actors	Opportunities	Difficulties
Producers	* Greater profit margin, payment with delivery and in shorter periods (weekly); Greater links with consumers via direct contact; Wider range of products, allowing for a reduction in risks; In the case of boxes and organized groups, guarantee of selling all products; Work autonomy and greater financial independence (because payment occurs mostly in the short-term and there's an opportunity to make customers loyal); Reduction in marketing risks, possibility of combining different sales channels; Increase in the value of local plant species (native seeds) and animals; Increase in the value of the profession and recognition for ecological producers; Organize producers to become involved in short distribution networks (product exchange, diversification);	Lack of a specialized workforce, problems related to the Brazilian labor laws, lack of time for production; Need for multiple skills to manage the process of production, transformation and marketing (producers are better prepared for production than for sales); Need to invest in the transformation structure and training for direct sales; Greater investment in logistics (refrigerated transport, equipment for selling in markets, IT); Restrictive health surveillance regulations; Production planning complexity due to greater range of products;
Consumers	-Proximity with producers (knowledge of origin and place of production); Supply of seasonal and regional foods (better taste, fresher and education on dietary consumption); Access to quality products in terms of origin, transparency and fair prices; Learning of new recipes via direct contact with other clients and producers; Education for consumption (less packaging, shop locally, recycling); Introduce new consumers into the process and opportunities for organizing groups of consumers;	More shopping time needed; pre-defined times and difficulties in buying due to weather conditions (outdoor markets); Problems with the regularity of certain products. Product supply can be limited and concentrated at certain periods, according to season; Higher prices for specific products compared to conventionals. Smaller range of products such as fruits, products of animal origin and derived products (meat, dairy, etc.);