Yield of sweet corn varieties and response to sulfonylurea and mix herbicides

Chitband, Ali Asghar; Noghondar, Mahbubeh Nabizade; Sarabi, Vahid

doi:10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2021;39:00018

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

RESEARCH ARTICLE • Adv Weed Sci 39 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2021;39:00018 copy

Yield of sweet corn varieties and response to sulfonylurea and mix herbicides

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

Sweet corn is susceptible to weed competition for nutrients, moisture, and light interception. Herbicides labeled for use on sweet corn are limited. Hence, it is necessary to provide information about the POST sulfonylurea herbicides and mixtures and their different degrees of sensitivity in sweet corn varieties.

Objective

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the efficacy of sulfonylureas and nicosulfuron+bromoxynil/MCPA and mesotrione/s-metolachlor/terbuthylazine as post herbicide mixtures on broadleaves and grasses weed species, sweet corn grain yield and crop injury.

Methods

Field experiments were conducted in 2017-19 to investigate the efficacy of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides nicosulfuron at 80 g a.i. (active ingredient) ha^-1, nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron (37.5+37.5)% at 131.25 g a.i. ha^-1, foramsulfuron at 45 g a.i. ha^-1, and mixture of herbicides nicosulfuron at 80 g a.i. ha^-1+bromoxynil/MCPA (20+20)% at 600 g a.i. ha^-1, mesotrione/s-metolachlor/terbuthylazine (3.75+37.5+12.5)% at 1343.75 g a.i. ha^-1 on the grain yield of three sweet corn varieties . Results: The results indicated that nicosulfuron, nicosulfuron+bromoxynil/MCPA and nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron, respectively, controlled ≥ 90% of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Solanum nigrum L. at Mashhad. A reduction in biomass nearly ≥ 80% was observed in A. retroflexus , Cyperus rotundus L., Heliotropium europaeum L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Abutilon theophrasti Medik. by these herbicides in Sari, Iran. The applications of nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron and mesotrione/s-metolachlor/terbuthylazine at 80, 45 and 1343.75 g a.i. ha^-1 respectively, to ‘Golden KSC403su’, mesotrione/s-metolacholor/terbuthlazine at 1343.75 g a.i. ha^-1 to ‘Merit’ and nicosulfuron and mesotrione/s-metolachlor/terbuthylazine at 80 and 1343.75 g a.i. ha^-1 respectively, to ‘Chase’ were associated with the maximum sweet corn yield.

Conclusion

The experiment showed that weed control improved grain yield on sweet corn varieties through sulfonylurea herbicide applications.

ALS inhibitor; grain yield; herbicide sensitivity; recommended dose; Zea mays L

Month	Air temperature (ºC)						Total rainfall (mm)

	Mashhad			Sari			Mashhad		Sari

	2017/18	2018/19	Mean	2017/18	2018/19	Mean	2017/18	2018/19	2017/18	2018/19
October	17.1	16.6	16.9	20	18	19.0	0.51	0.003	134.5	79
November	15.5	14.6	15.1	12.6	10.7	11.7	0.01	0.21	67.2	80.7
December	6.2	5.3	5.7	9.1	8.5	8.8	0.03	0.09	52	46.3
January	7.3	5. 9	6.7	9.4	7.7	8.6	0.04	0.03	73.2	76.7
February	6.8	4.5	5.7	9.4	6.8	8.1	1.1	0.3	135.5	69.4
March	13.3	11.1	12.2	13.2	11.3	12.3	2.8	2.4	74.7	37.7
April	14.7	13.7	14.2	16.3	15.2	15.8	2.2	2.4	70.9	71.9
May	20.4	21	20.7	21.3	21.9	21.6	1.9	0.6	54	2.1
June	26.9	27.3	27.1	25.5	25.3	25.4	1.3	0.09	43.7	2
July	26.1	28.2	27.2	26.3	28.1	27.2	1.4	0.03	107.2	6.2
August	26.3	27.9	27.1	28.5	29.4	29.0	0.2	0.13	2	1

Location	Varieties	Planting time	Soil properties				pH	EC⁽¹⁾
			Sandy silt loam
	Golden KSC403su	May 15, 2018	Sand	Clay	Silt	Organic matter	7.4	1.5 dS m^-1
Mashhad	Merit	May 14, 2019	52%	13%	41%	0.91%
	Chase
			Silty clay
	Golden KSC403su	May 22, 2018	Sand	Clay	Silt	Organic matter	6.8	1.2 dS m^-1
Sari	Merit	May 21, 2019	48%	15%	36%	2.26%
	Chase

Active ingredient	Application rate	Mode of action	Manufacturer
	g a.i. ha^-1
Nicosulfuron (Cruz®) 4% SC	80	ALS Inhibitor	Biesterfeld, Greece
Nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron (37.5+37.5)% (Ultima) 75% WG	131.25	ALS Inhibitor	Golsam Gorgan Chemicals Corporation, Gorgan, Iran
Foramsulfuron (Equip) 2.25% OD	45	ALS Inhibitor	Bayer Crop Science, Tehran, Iran
Nicosulfuron (Cruz®) 4% SC + bromoxynil/MCPA (20+20)% (Bromicide MA) 40% EC	80+600	ALS Inhibitor+ PSII Inhibitor+ Synthetic auxins	Biesterfeld, Greece+Nufarm, France
Mesotrione/s-metolachlor/terbuthylazine (3.75+37.5+12.5)% (Lumax) 53.75% SE	1343.75	Pigment Inhibitor+ DNA_S Inhibitor+ PSII Inhibitor	Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Post Fach, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland

Treatments	Dose	Weed species

	g a.i.ha^-1	Amaranthus retroflexus		Portulaca oleracea		Convolvulus arvensis		Chenopodium album		Solanum nigrum		Cyperus rotundus		Other ⁽²⁾

		Density reduction	Biomass reduction	Density reduction	Density reduction	Density reduction	Density reduction	Density reduction	Density reduction	Density reduction	Biomass reduction	Density reduction	Biomass reduction	Density reduction	Biomass reduction
		(%)
Nicosulfuron	80	84.5b ⁽¹⁾	90.3b	66.3b	64.4b	66.3b	57.0b	82.2b	81.3b	80.1b	95.7b	62.4bc	48.8c	56.0b	66.1c
Nicosulfuron+ Bromoxinyl/ MCPA	80 + 600	82.4b	94.1ab	60.5b	62.2b	67.2b	65.1b	71.9c	76.5bc	73.1bc	90.8c	43.6c	37.1c	62.5b	74.3a
Nicosulfuron/ Rimsulfuron	131.25	60.8c	89.4b	60.7b	56.4b	75.4b	40.0b	82.1b	70.0c	77.5b	95.3b	69.8b	76.4b	60.0b	69.9bc
Foramsulfuron	45	39.6d	51.4d	60.4b	53.5b	73.6b	58.5b	74.1c	78.1bc	77.7b	96.4b	48.6bc	43.2c	54.3b	65.9c
Mesotrion/ S-Metolacholor/ Terbuthlazine	1343.75	39.0d	74.9c	62.2b	65.3b	73.0b	54.1b	72.6c	95.7a	68.8c	94.5b	50.4bc	54.3bc	57.4b	70.2bc
Hand weeding	-	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a
Weed infested	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
LSD_0.05 sweet corn variety (V)		4.03	3.31	5.97	7.27	4.46	4.58	4.04	2.12	4.44	0.93	4.74	4.69	6.09	3.78
LSD_0.05 herbicide type (H)		6.15	5.06	9.12	11.11	6.81	7.00	6.17	3.24	6.78	1.42	7.24	7.17	9.31	5.78
LSD_0.05 V × H		10.66	8.77	15.79	19.23	11.80	12.12	10.70	5.60	11.74	2.45	12.54	12.42	16.12	10.01

Treatments	Dose	Weed species

	g a.i.ha^-1	Amaranthus retroflexus		Convolvulus arvensis		Heliotropium europaeum		Abutilon theophrasti		Sorghum halepense		Cyperus rotundus		Echinochloa crus-galli		Other ⁽²⁾

		Density reduction	Biomass reduction	Density reduction	Biomass reduction	Density reduction	Biomass reduction	Density reduction	Biomass reduction	Density reduction	Biomass reduction	Density reduction	Biomass reduction	Density reduction	Biomass reduction	Density reduction	Biomass reduction
		(%)
Nicosulfuron	80	84.9b ⁽¹⁾	81.8b	43.7bc	55.2b	84.7b	91.4b	73.4c	79.0b	72.7b	71.8b	81.1cd	81.5c	77.7c	78.9bc	47.9b	62.1c
Nicosulfuron+ Bromoxinyl/ MCPA	80+600	83.9bc	80.8b	58.2b	65.8b	80.8bc	80.7c	89.5b	91.8a	59.8bc	70.4b	90.1b	89.6b	82.7bc	86.5b	53.7b	69.7b
Nicosulfuron/ Rimsulfuron	131.25	77.2bcd	75.0cd	52.6bc	51.1b	81.2bc	81.3c	73.1c	78.3b	69.5bcd	66.7bc	84.5bc	88.0b	77.6c	86.3b	51.7b	65.8bc
Foramsulfuron	45	76.3cd	74.2cd	59.8b	64.1b	76.2cd	81.4c	53.1d	53.2c	47.2cd	45.3cd	83.9c	88.8b	71.8d	73.5c	45.7b	61.5c
Mesotrion/ S-Metolacholor/ Terbuthlazine	1343.75	69.6d	66.2c	37.5c	50.1b	72.1d	81.5c	43.4e	44.9c	45.9d	44.2d	77.7d	75.9c	87.5b	90.2ab	48.4b	65.8bc
Hand weeding	-	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a	100a
Weed infested	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
LSD_0.05 sweet corn variety (V)		3.68	3.49	12.28	9.16	5.95	5.39	6.15	6.79	8.84	9.19	3.77	4.00	3.93	4.04	7.53	4.16
LSD_0.05 herbicide type (H)		5.63	5.33	18.75	14.00	9.09	8.23	9.39	10.38	13.51	14.04	5.76	6.11	6.00	6.17	11.51	6.36
LSD_0.05 V × H		9.74	9.24	32.48	24.22	15.75	14.25	16.26	17.97	23.39	24.31	9.98	10.57	10.39	10.69	10.61	11.01

Treatments	Dose	Mashhad			Sari

	(g a.i. ha^-1)	Golden KSC403su	Merit	Chase	Golden KSC403su	Merit	Chase
		(%)
Nicosulfuron	80	8.7cdef ⁽¹⁾	80b	3.9ghi	7de	59.3b	2.8fg
Nicosulfuron+Bromoxinyl/MCPA	80+600	12.7c	79.3b	5.6efgh	11c	58.3b	4ef
Nicosulfuron/Rimsulfuron	131.25	9.7cde	81b	7.7defg	7.8cde	61b	4.6def
Foramsulfuron	45	10.2cd	89.2a	5.8efgh	8.3cd	68.3a	4.3ef
Mesotrion/S-Metolacholor/Terbuthlazine	1343.75	5.1fgh	0i	3.4hi	4ef	0g	2fg
Hand weeding		0i	0i	0i	0g	0g	0g
Weed infested		0i	0i	0i	0g	0g	0g
LSD_0.05 sweet corn variety (V)		2.20			2.55
LSD_0.05 herbicide type (H)		3.37			3.89
LSD_0.05 V × H		5.83			6.74

Treatments	Dose	Mashhad			Sari

	(g a.i. ha^-1)	Golden KSC403su	Merit	Chase	Golden KSC403su	Merit	Chase
		(kg ha^-1)
Nicosulfuron	80	364.1bcdef ⁽¹⁾	0h	404.4bcd	660.9fg	0k	847.1b
Nicosulfuron+Bromoxinyl/ MCPA	80+600	281.6defg	0h	380.4bcdef	623.3gh	0k	781.5c
Nicosulfuron/Rimsulfuron	131.25	257.4gh	0h	348.6cdefg	635.6fg	0k	685ef
Foramsulfuron	45	490ab	0h	345.6cdefg	795.5c	0k	723de
Mesotrion/S-Metolacholor/Terbuthlazine	1343.75	345.6cdefgh	400.9bcde	566.5a	775.2c	771.1cd	976.9a
Hand weeding		269.6efg	269.3efg	440.7abc	770.4cd	774.6c	979.2a
Weed infested		275.8defg	219.9g	428bc	457.4i	345j	574h
LSD_0.05 sweet corn variety (V)		50.39			19.35
LSD_0.05 herbicide type (H)		76.97			29.56
LSD_0.05 V × H		133.32			51.20

Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas - SBCPD Rua Santa Catarina, 50, sala 1302 , 86010-470 - Londrina - Paraná / Brasil , +55 (51) 3308-6006 - Londrina - PR - Brazil
E-mail: sbcpd@sbcpd.org

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] * Corresponding author: chitband.a.a@lu.ac.ir