Growth, Yield and Quality Performance of Pear (Pyrus communis L.) cv. ‘Santa Maria’ under High Density Planting

Ozturk, Ahmet; Faizi, Zaki Ahmad

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2023220414

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Article - Agriculture, Agribusiness and Biotechnology • Braz. arch. biol. technol. 66 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023220414 copy

Growth, Yield and Quality Performance of Pear (Pyrus communis L.) cv. ‘Santa Maria’ under High Density Planting

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of quince rootstocks (BA29, QA and MC) on plant growth, fruit quality and yield of ‘Santa Maria’ pear cultivar in 2020 and 2021. In this study, significant differences were determined by all growth, yield and quality parameters except for trunk diameter (TD), trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), canopy volume, fruit stalk thickness, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS) in terms of research years and rootstocks from analysis of variance. Tree height, annual shoot length, leaf area, fruit weight, fruit width, and fruit length was lower in the MC rootstock than in the others. In the case of research years, out of annual shoot growth in 2020, all other parameters were higher in 2021. Fruit stalk length, fruit stalk thickness and fruit firmness were higher on MC rootstock than BA29 and QA. There was an insignificant difference between rootstocks in terms of TSS. The highest L* was in QA and MC; chroma was in QA and hue angle was in BA29 rootstock. The number of fruit was the highest (139.01 pieces/tree) in BA29 in 2021 and the lowest in MC (11.97 pieces/tree) in 2020. The highest yield per tree (30.62 kg), yield per hectare (58484.2 kg), yield per trunk cross-sectional area (2.24 kg/cm²) and yield per canopy volume (71.21 kg/m³) were measured in QA in 2021. In conclusion, the yield efficiency of ‘Santa Maria’ pear cultivar under high density planting on QA was better than other combinations in 2021. Since the plants on which the research is carried out are still young, it may be recommended to continue the research for many years to determine the most suitable rootstock.

Keywords:
Pear; Pyrus communis L; Quality; Rootstocks; ‘Santa Maria’; Yield Properties

HIGHLIGHTS

• Performances of ‘Santa Maria’ pear cultivar on different quince rootstocks were evaluated under high density planting systems.

• Yield efficiency of ‘Santa Maria’ pear cultivar under high density planting on QA rootstocks determined better than other quince rootstocks were used in the experiment.

Years	Rootstocks	Trunk Diameter (mm)	Tree Height (cm)	Annual Shoot Growth (cm)	Trunk Cross-Sectional Area (cm²)	Tree Canopy Volume (m³)	Leaf Area (cm²)
2020	BA29	29.35 a*	176.94 b	48.86 b	8.12 c	0.17 bc	12.86 c
	QA	28.02 a	169.16 b	69.89 a	6.91 c	0.11 c	14.67 b
	MC	27.54 a	169.00 b	41.11 b	7.04 c	0.24 abc	4.72 d
2021	BA29	36.21 a	243.45 a	38.27 bc	10.51 b	0.31 ab	18.19 a
	QA	41.99 a	240.05 a	28.92 cd	16.69 a	0.43 a	15.77 b
	MC	37.83 a	191.66 b	20.93 d	13.09 a	0.25 abc	4.86 d
Main Effects
Rootstocks	BA29	32.78 a	210.20 a	43.57 a	9.32 a	0.24 a	15.53 a
	QA	35.01 a	204.61 a	49.41 a	10.30 a	0.27 a	15.22 a
	MC	32.69 a	180.33 b	31.02 b	10.07 a	0.25 a	4.79 b
Years	2020	28.30 b	171.70 b	53.29 a	7.36 b	0.17 b	10.75 b
Years	2021	38.67 a	225.05 a	29.37 b	12.43 a	0.33 a	12.94 a
Significance
Rootstocks		0.430	0.001	0.001	0.393	0.871	0.001
Years		0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.007	0.001
Years x Rootstocks		0.231	0.023	0.004	0.023	0.048	0.001

Years	Rootstocks	Fruit Weight (g)	Fruit Width (mm)	Fruit Length (mm)	Fruit Stalk Length (mm)	Fruit Stalk Thickness (mm)	Fruit Firmness (kg/cm²)
2020	BA29	188.22 a	61.98 a	91.09 a	26.48 a	4.41 b	8.64 b
	QA	193.71 a	65.54 a	88.19 a	21.80 a	4.02 b	8.45 b
	MC	156.96 a	60.78 a	84.22 a	28.56 a	4.14 b	8.64 b
2021	BA29	163.06 a	58.66 a	88.43 a	16.48 a	3.77 b	7.30 c
	QA	161.40 a	59.64 a	86.80 a	18.09 a	3.67 b	6.34 c
	MC	104.08 a	51.34 a	76.98 a	22.79 a	6.58 a	10.05 a
Main Effects
Rootstocks	BA29	175.65 a	60.33 a	89.76 a	21.48 ab	4.10 b	7.97 b
	QA	177.56 a	62.59 a	87.50 a	19.95 b	3.85 b	7.40 b
	MC	130.52 b	56.07 b	80.60 b	25.68 a	5.36 a	9.35 a
Years	2020	179.63 a	62.77 a	87.83 a	25.61 a	4.19 a	8.58 a
Years	2021	142.84 b	56.55 b	84.07 b	19.12 b	4.67 a	7.89 b
Significance
Rootstocks		0.001	0.012	0.001	0.047	0.036	0.001
Years		0.001	0.001	0.045	0.005	0.296	0.025
Years x Rootstocks		0.442	0.283	0.417	0.422	0.028	0.001

Years	Rootstocks	Total Soluble Solids (%)	Acidity (%)	Fruit Skin Color
Years	Rootstocks	Total Soluble Solids (%)	Acidity (%)	L*	Chroma	Hue Angle
2020	BA29	10.64 a*	0.82 a	58.14 c	31.62 d	126.35 a
	QA	10.60 a	0.42 c	70.72 b	41.46 b	121.62 a
	MC	9.25 a	0.68 ab	51.90 c	21.15 e	124.26 a
2021	BA29	10.48 a	0.43 bc	53.08 c	24.43 e	118.24 a
	QA	10.45 a	0.58 abc	74.64 b	35.51 c	116.37 a
	MC	8.40 a	0.44 bc	87.84 a	45.50 a	115.75 a
Main Effects
Rootstocks	BA29	10.56 a	0.63 a	55.61 b	28.03 c	122.30 a
	QA	10.53 a	0.50 a	72.68 a	38.49 a	119.00 b
	MC	8.83 b	0.56 a	69.87 a	33.33 b	120.01 ab
Years	2020	10.16 a	0.64 a	60.25 b	31.41 b	124.08 a
Years	2021	9.78 a	0.48 b	71.85 a	35.15 a	116.79 b
Significance
Rootstocks		0.001	0.311	0.001	0.001	0.041
Years		0.265	0.028	0.001	0.001	0.001
Years x Rootstocks		0.613	0.011	0.001	0.001	0.424

Years	Rootstocks	Number of Fruits (pieces/tree)	Yield (kg/tree)	Yield (kg/ha)	Yield per Trunk Cross Sectional Area (kg/cm²)	Yield per Canopy Volume (kg/m³)
2020	BA29	19.05 c*	3.56 c	6799.6 c	0.44 c	20.94 c
	QA	9.21 c	1.77 c	3380.7 c	0.26 cd	16.09 c
	MC	11.97 c	1.87 c	3571.7 c	0.27 cd	7.79 c
2021	BA29	139.01 a	20.29 b	38753.9 b	1.93 b	65.45 b
	QA	80.46 b	30.62 a	58484.2 a	2.24 a	71.21 a
	MC	17.00 c	1.97 c	3762.7 c	0.15 d	7.88 c
Main Effects
	BA29	79.03 a	11.93 b	22776.7 b	1.18 b	43.20 a
Rootstocks	QA	44.84 b	16.20 a	30932.5 a	1.25 a	43.65 a
	MC	14.49 c	1.93 c	3667.2 c	0.21 c	7.84 b
Years	2020	13.41 b	2.40 b	4584.0 b	0.32 b	14.94 b
Years	2021	78.82 a	17.63 a	33666.9 a	1.44 a	48.18 a
Significance
Rootstocks		0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
Years		0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
Years x Rootstocks		0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001

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[1] *Correspondence: ozturka@omu.edu.tr(A.O.).