Development and Characterization of Poly-ε-caprolactone Nanocapsules Containing β-carotene Using the Nanoprecipitation Method and Optimized by Response Surface Methodology

Lino, Renata Calegari; Carvalho, Sabrina Matos de; Noronha, Carolina Montanheiro; Sganzerla, William Gustavo; Rosa, Cleonice Gonçalves da; Nunes, Michael Ramos; Barreto, Pedro Luiz Manique

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2020190184

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Article - Engineering, Technology and Techniques • Braz. arch. biol. technol. 63 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2020190184 copy

Development and Characterization of Poly-ε-caprolactone Nanocapsules Containing β-carotene Using the Nanoprecipitation Method and Optimized by Response Surface Methodology

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Nanoparticles demonstrate an important role in the protection of bioactive compounds from external factors such as temperature, oxygen and light. In this study, poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles entrapped β-carotene was produced using the nanoprecipitation method. Firstly, was evaluated the lipophilic surfactant effect and carrier agent of the active compound in the nanocapsules formulation. After choosing the most stable formulation, the nanocapsules production was optimized using β-carotene, caprylic/capric triglycerides (CCT) and soybean lecithin. Response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to evaluate the influence of soy lecithin concentration, volume of CCT and β-carotene concentration in the particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency and recovery. Formulations containing soy lecithin and CCT demonstrated better stability comparing to the other formulations tested. The nanoparticle formulations presented an optimized particle size below 200 nm, PDI lower than 0.1 and encapsulation efficiency above 95%. Based on the results obtained, the optimum conditions to prepare PCL nanocapsules were 0.2160 mg/mL of β-carotene, 232.42 μL of CCT and 2.59 mg/mL of soy lecithin, suggesting an applicability to promote controlled released of β-carotene in food system.

Keywords:
nanoparticles; nanoencapsulation; bioactive compounds; carotenoids; optimization

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Variables	Code	Level
Variables	Code	-1	0	+1
β-carotene (mg/mL)	X₁	0.1	0.2	0.3
Oil volume (μL)	X₂	150	250	350
Soybean lecithin (mg/mL)	X₃	2	2.5	3

Test	Coded variables			Uncoded independent variables
Test	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₁, β-carotene (mg/mL)	X₂, Oil volume (μL)	X₃, Soybean lecithin (mg/mL)
1	-1	-1	0	0.1	150	2.5
2	+1	-1	0	0.3	150	2.5
3	-1	+1	0	0.1	350	2.5
4	+1	+1	0	0.3	350	2.5
5	-1	0	-1	0.1	250	2.0
6	+1	0	-1	0.3	250	2.0
7	-1	0	+1	0.1	250	3.0
8	+1	0	+1	0.3	250	3.0
9	0	-1	-1	0.2	150	2.0
10	0	+1	-1	0.2	350	2.0
11	0	-1	+1	0.2	150	3.0
12	0	+1	+1	0.2	350	3.0
13	0	0	0	0.2	250	2.5
14	0	0	0	0.2	250	2.5
15	0	0	0	0.2	250	2.5

Carrier Agent	Properties	Surfactants
Carrier Agent	Properties	Soy Lecithin	Span 80	Tween 20
Caprylic/Capric triglycerides (CCT)	Particle size (nm)	214.06±2.16^{a, B}	290.92±19.90^{b, A}	332.14±13.65^{c, B}
	Polidispersity index	0.141±0.010^{a, A}	0.293±0.063^{b, A}	0.298±0.072^{b, A}
	Zeta potential (mV)	−26.40±1.73^{ab, A}	−29.02±2.48^{a, A}	−25.06±2.97^{b, A}
Sunflower oil	Particle size (nm)	233.72±4.41^{a, C}	357.3±21.27^{b, B}	329.52±21.33^{b, B}
	Polidispersity index	0.166±0.024^{a, A}	0.281±0.092^{ab, A}	0.320±0.091^{b, A}
	Zeta potential (mV)	−33.42±2.82^{b, B}	−30.82±2.48^{ab, A}	−26.66±2.35^{a, A}
Glycerin	Particle size (nm)	177.58±4.94^{a, A}	302.2±31.69^{c, A}	200.88±7.74^{b, A}
	Polidispersity index	0.165±0.033^{a, A}	0.282±0.072^{b, A}	0.205±0.042^{ab, A}
	Zeta potential (mV)	−29.24±2.55^{a, A}	−29.26±2.83^{a, A}	−25.10±1.85^{a, A}

Test	Coded and uncoded values*			PS (nm)	PDI	Zeta Potential (mV)	Encapsulation efficiency (%)	Recovery (%)
Test	X₁	X₂	X₃
1	0.1(-1)	150(-1)	2.5(0)	195.3	0.099	-38.9	99.03	45.0
2	0.3(+1)	150(-1)	2.5(0)	177.7	0.121	-38.7	100	32.0
3	0.1(-1)	350(+1)	2.5(0)	211.2	0.08	-41.9	100	41.4
4	0.3(+1)	350(+1)	2,5(0)	211.0	0.099	-39.1	100	26.9
5	0.1(-1)	250(0)	2.0(-1)	194.8	0.046	-39.2	95.71	28.0
6	0.3(+1)	250(0)	2.0(-1)	194.7	0.094	-39.1	98.89	23.0
7	0.1(-1)	250(0)	3.0(+1)	193.2	0.097	-41.1	100	36.8
8	0.3(+1)	250(0)	3.0(+1)	189.2	0.087	-40.0	98.18	28.2
9	0.2(0)	150(-1)	2.0(-1)	185.9	0.118	-39.3	100	28.8
10	0.2(0)	350(+1)	2.0(-1)	213.8	0.099	-33.6	100	26.9
11	0.2(0)	150(-1)	3.0(+1)	185.1	0.094	-39.7	99.09	21.1
12	0.2(0)	350(+1)	3.0(+1)	212.0	0.113	-41.5	100	28.2
13	0.2(0)	250(0)	2.5(0)	187.0	0.082	-38.0	100	23.0
14	0.2(0)	250(0)	2.5(0)	194.5	0.082	-39.7	100	30.0
15	0.2(0)	250(0)	2.5(0)	195.0	0.096	-39.7	100	24.6

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