Remaining Innovative: The Role of Past Performance, Absorptive Capacity, and Internationalization

Garrido, Ivan Lapuente; Parente, Ronaldo Couto; Gonçalo, Cláudio Reis; Vasconcellos, Sílvio Luís de

doi:10.15728/bbr.2017.14.6.1

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Articles • BBR, Braz. Bus. Rev. 14 (06) • Nov-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2017.14.6.1 copy

Remaining Innovative: The Role of Past Performance, Absorptive Capacity, and Internationalization

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Emerging markets firms are tardy regarding innovativeness and international orientation. Despite that, some of these firms are becoming increasingly competitive regarding innovation and internationalization. It is still unclear how these firms acquire and maintain an innovative capacity. To address this gap we propose and test a framework that integrates the role of past performance as a proxy to investment capacity, realized and potential absorptive capacity and internationalization and their influences on innovativeness, through a survey of 202 Brazilians firms from the Information Technology industry. The results showed the potential and realized absorptive capacity partially mediates the relationship between past performance and innovativeness, and internationalization moderates the relationship between potential absorptive capacity and innovativeness.

Keywords:
Innovative capacity; Absorptive capacity; Past performance; Internationalization; Information technology

	Average	Standard Deviation
Experience (EX -age/years)	6.90	6.59
Size (SZ - employees)	20.77	90.04
Potential Absorptive Capacity (PAC)	4.50	0.59
Realized Absorptive Capacity (RAC)	4.38	0.64
Innovativeness (IN)	4.33	0.68
Past performance (PP)	4.36	0.74

Constructs		( IN )	(AC)	(PP)
Indicators		( IN )	(AC)	(PP)
Fitness index (CFA)	X²/DF	1.87	1.93	2.56
	p	0.06	0.00	0.04
	GFI	0.97	0.96	0.98
	AGFI	0.93	0.92	0.92
	NFI	0.97	0.94	0.98
	TLI	0.97	0.95	0.97
	CFI	0.98	0.97	0.99
	RMSEA	0.06	0.07	0.09
CR		0.84	0.853	0.89
EV		0.46	0.423	0.62
CA		0.84	0.854	0.88
Indicators		6	8	5
FL		0.67 to 0.75	0.56 to 0.73	0.57 to 0.87

	Model I PP-IN SZ EX	Model II PAC/RAC-IN SZ EX	Model III PP PAC RAC IN SZ EX	Model IV PP AC IN IT IT^* * significant at 0.1; Past performance (PP); Size (SZ); Experience (EX); Innovativeness (IN); Potential absorptive capacity (PAC); Realized absorptive capacity (RAC); Internationalization (IT); Absorptive capacity-internationalization interaction (AC*IT). (absorptive-internationalization interaction). AC SZ EX
R2	0.38	0.49	0.55	0.57
F	40.78^ significant at 0.05;	47.00^ significant at 0.05;	47.99^ significant at 0.05;	32.24^ significant at 0.05;
R2 CHAN			0.17^ significant at 0.05;	0.19^ significant at 0.05;
F CHAN			36.73^ significant at 0.05;	17.14^ significant at 0.05;
Beta PP	0.58^ significant at 0.05;		0.30^ significant at 0.05;	0.30^ significant at 0.05;
Beta SZ	0.10^* * significant at 0.1; Past performance (PP); Size (SZ); Experience (EX); Innovativeness (IN); Potential absorptive capacity (PAC); Realized absorptive capacity (RAC); Internationalization (IT); Absorptive capacity-internationalization interaction (AC*IT). (absorptive-internationalization interaction).		0.08^* * significant at 0.1; Past performance (PP); Size (SZ); Experience (EX); Innovativeness (IN); Potential absorptive capacity (PAC); Realized absorptive capacity (RAC); Internationalization (IT); Absorptive capacity-internationalization interaction (AC*IT). (absorptive-internationalization interaction).	0.09^ significant at 0.05;
Beta EX	-0.73		-0.03	-0.36
Beta PAC		0.27^ significant at 0.05;	0.21^ significant at 0.05;	0.18^ significant at 0.05;
VIF PAC			1.39	1.39
Beta RAC		0.44^ significant at 0.05;	0.37^ significant at 0.05;	0.31^ significant at 0.05;
VIF RAC			1.44	1.44
Beta IT				-0.05
Beta IT^* * significant at 0.1; Past performance (PP); Size (SZ); Experience (EX); Innovativeness (IN); Potential absorptive capacity (PAC); Realized absorptive capacity (RAC); Internationalization (IT); Absorptive capacity-internationalization interaction (AC*IT). (absorptive-internationalization interaction). PAC				0.22^ significant at 0.05;
VIF IT^* * significant at 0.1; Past performance (PP); Size (SZ); Experience (EX); Innovativeness (IN); Potential absorptive capacity (PAC); Realized absorptive capacity (RAC); Internationalization (IT); Absorptive capacity-internationalization interaction (AC*IT). (absorptive-internationalization interaction). PAC				1.02
Beta IT^* * significant at 0.1; Past performance (PP); Size (SZ); Experience (EX); Innovativeness (IN); Potential absorptive capacity (PAC); Realized absorptive capacity (RAC); Internationalization (IT); Absorptive capacity-internationalization interaction (AC*IT). (absorptive-internationalization interaction). RAC				-0.10
VIF IT^* * significant at 0.1; Past performance (PP); Size (SZ); Experience (EX); Innovativeness (IN); Potential absorptive capacity (PAC); Realized absorptive capacity (RAC); Internationalization (IT); Absorptive capacity-internationalization interaction (AC*IT). (absorptive-internationalization interaction). RAC				1.03

	N	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Std. Deviation
Experience (age/years)	202	0	40	6.90	6.59
Size (employees)	202	0	1200	20.77	90.04
PP - Past Performance	202	1.00	5.00	4,36	0.74
AC - Absorptive Capacity	202	2.25	5.00	4.44	0.58
PAC – Potential AC	202	2.00	5.00	4.50	0.59
RAC – Realized AC	202	2.50	5.00	4.38	0.64
IN - Innovativeness	202	1.67	5.00	4.33	0.68
Valid N	202

	PP	IN	PAC	RAC	IT	SZ	EX
PP	1
IN	0.61^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	1
PAC	0.51^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	0.63^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	1
RAC	0.55^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	0.66^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	0.95^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
IT	-0.01	-,05	-,033	-0.01	1
SZ	0.13	,18^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	,13	0.10	,24^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	1
EX	-0.17^* * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).	-,180^* * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).	-,18^* * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).	-0.15^* * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).	-,021	-,12	1

Absorptive capacity
Potential AC
Employees and different sectors of our company share information that allows developing current and new products	0.68
Our company has systems, methods or tools to keep and manage information about clients, markets and technologies	0.63
Our company has employees trained to discuss and comprehend the clients' needs	0.62
Our company constantly analyze the possibility to adopt new technologies	0.56
Realized AC
Our company has resources (systems, tools, equipment) that allow it to improve its process	0.70
Our company promotes actions such as meetings and workshops to improve its process	0.52
Our company has employees trained to improve/develop current and new products	0.69
Our company has established routines to improve/develop current and new products	0.81
Innovativeness
Our company has capacity or propensity to introduce new ideas, process or technologies	0.64
In the last three years, our company has focused on innovation instead of current products and services	0.66
Our company stimulates the employees' commitment to creativity and innovation of the process	0.72
Our company offers formal training programs to qualify employees	0.64
Our company has reward mechanisms to value employees ideas	0.75
Our company encourages employees to make decisions in their activities and sectors	0.70
Past Performance
In the last three years, our company has increased its sales to new clients	0.57
In the last three years, our company has increased its productivity	0.84
In the last three years, our company has improved its competitiveness	0.77
In the last three years, our company has improved its strategic competitive positioning	0.84
In the last three years, our company has increased its market share	0.87

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[1] † Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS. E-mail: igarrido@unisinos.br