EGFR, VEGF, and angiogenesis promote the development of lipoma in the oral cavity

Silva, Weslay Rodrigues da; Pires, Hévila de Figueiredo; França, Glória Maria de; Freitas, Roseana de Almeida; Morais, Hannah Gil de Farias; Galvão, Hébel Cavalcanti

doi:10.1590/0103-6440202305117

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Article • Braz. Dent. J. 34 (2) • Mar-Apr 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202305117 copy

EGFR, VEGF, and angiogenesis promote the development of lipoma in the oral cavity

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to detect, quantify and compare the immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and VEGF and microvessel count (MVC) in oral lipomas, and to correlate the findings with clinical and morphological characteristics of the cases studied. The sample consisted of 54 oral lipomas (33 classic and 21 non-classic) and 23 normal adipose tissue specimens. Cytoplasmic and/or nuclear immunohistochemical staining of EGFR and VEGF was analyzed. The angiogenic index was determined by MVC. Cells were counted using the Image J® software. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for data analysis, adopting a level of significance of 5% for all statistical tests. A statistically significant difference in EGFR immunoexpression (p=0.047), especially, between classic lipomas and normal adipose tissue. There was a significant difference in MVC between non-classic lipomas and normal adipose tissue (p=0.022). In non-classic lipomas, only VEGF immunoexpression showed a significant moderate positive correlation (r=0.607, p=0.01) with MVC. In classic lipomas, the number of EGFR-immunostained adipocytes was directly proportional to the number of VEGF-positive cells, demonstrating a significant moderate positive correlation (r=0.566, p=0.005). The results suggest that EGFR, VEGF, and angiogenesis participate in the development of oral lipomas but are not primarily involved in the growth of these tumors.

Key Words:
mesenchymal tumor; oral lipoma; growth factor receptor; angiogenesis; angiogenic index

Clinical-morphological parameters	Classic lipomas		Non-classical lipomas		Total
Clinical-morphological parameters	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender
Female	20	60.6	13	61.9	33	61.1
Male	13	39.4	8	38.1	21	38.9
Total	33	100	21	100	54	100
Race
Leukoderma	8	24.2	7	33.3	15	27.7
Melanoderma	7	21.2	3	14.2	10	18.5
Pheoderm	18	54.6	11	52.5	29	53.8
Total	33	100	21	100	54	100
Symptomatology
Yes	1	3.0	5	23.8	6	11.4
No	32	97.0	16	76.2	48	88.6
Total	33	100	21	100	54	100
Localization
Cheek mucosa	6	18.3	5	23.8	11	20.3
LIP	9	27.3	2	9.5	11	20.3
Alveolar ridge	2	6.0	1	4.9	3	5.5
Tongue	3	9.0	5	23.8	8	14.8
Palate	4	12.1	2	9.5	6	11.4
Floor	1	3.0	2	9.5	3	5.5
Retromolar trigone	2	6.0	2	9.5	4	7.4
Vestibule background	6	18.3	2	9.5	8	14.8
Total	33	100	21	100	54	100
Clinical aspect ^#
Nodule	19	61.3	11	84.6	30	55.5
Tumor	12	38.7	2	15.4	14	25.9
Total	31	100	13	100	44	81.4
Implantation
Sessile	19	57.6	12	57.1	31	57.4
Pedunculated	14	42.4	9	42.9	23	42.6
Total	33	100	21	100	54	100
Lesion color
Normochromic	16	48.4	10	47.7	26	48.1
Yellow	11	33.3	7	33.3	18	33.3
Red	6	18.3	2	9.5	8	14.8
Blue	0	0.0	2	9.5	2	3.8
Total	33	100	21	100	54	100
Consistency
Soft	22	66.7	13	61.9	35	64.8
Fibrous	11	33.3	8	38.1	19	35.2
Total	33	100	21	100	54	100
Inflammatory infiltrate
Yes	19	57.6	3	14.2	22	40.7
No	14	42.4	18	85.8	32	59.3
Total	33	100	21	100	54	100
Capsule
Yes	23	69.3	7	33.3	30	55.5
No	10	30.3	14	66.7	24	44.5
Total	33	100	21	100	54	100

Histological type	n	EGFR % Median (Q25-Q75)	p	VEGF Adipócitos Median (Q25-Q75)	p	MVC Median (Q25-Q75)	p
CL	33	65.0 (41.6 - 82.0)	0.047*	64.3 (44.0 - 90.4)	0.142	1.8 (0.9 - 3.1)	0.022*
NCL	21	42.4 (24.9 - 79.5)		57.7 (43.1 - 78.2)		3.0 (1.5 - 4.1)
NAT	23	33.8 (5.7 - 67.1)		52.8 (19.8 - 74.0)		1.0 (0.6 - 2.6)

Variables	Lipomas				Normal adipose tissue
	Classics		Non-classics		Normal adipose tissue
	r	p	r	p	r	p
EGFR % X VEGF %	0.566	0.005*	-0.151	0.658	-0.341	0.213
Size X EGFR%	-0.131	0.542	-0.190	0.534	-0.311	0.381
Size X VEGF%	-0.272	0.198	0.276	0.339	0.131	0.805
EGFR% X MVC	0.199	0.387	-0.242	0.473	0.439	0.102
VEGF % X MVC	0.101	0.616	0.607	0.010*	-0.162	0.549
Size X MVC	-0.032	0.888	-0.381	0.179	-0.655	0.158

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[1] Correspondence: Weslay Rodrigues da Silva Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Department of Oral Pathology, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59056-000, Natal, RN, Brazil. E-mail: weslayrodriguesilva@gmail.com.