Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Diferenciação geográfica de Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) na costa brasileira, entre as latitudes 18º36'S e 32º10'S: etapa I

The geographical differentiation of Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in the Brazilian coast between Lat. 18º36'S and 32º10'S: phase I

Resumo

Multiple range tests according to Kramer, 1956 were performed on 3 meristic and 15 morphometric characters of "pescada-foguete" (Macrodon ancylodon) samples collected off coast near Conceição da Barra (Espirito Santo State), Atafona, Macaé, Ubatuba cities, Bom Abrigo Island and Rio Grande do Sul State coast. It was also observed morphological differences in otoliths collected at each region. The number of statistical differences among samples and different morphological characteristics presented by otoliths suggested the existence of four populations along the studied area: (1) along Espírito Santo State coast; (2) near the region between Atafona and Macaé coasts; (3) along São Paulo, Paraná and north Santa Catarina States coasts and (4) along Rio Grande do Sul State coast. Probably the differentiation was caused by different environmental conditions observed among regions. Other papers about life history corroborate these results except for the Espírito Santo population about which there is no biological information up to the moment.


Diferenciação geográfica de Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) na costa brasileira, entre as latitudes 18º36'S e 32º10'S. Etapa I* * - Parte da tese de doutoramento apresentada á Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências.

The geographical differentiation of Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in the Brazilian coast between Lat. 18º36'S and 32º10'S. Phase I

Noriyoshi Yamaguti

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo

SYNOPSIS

Multiple range tests according to Kramer, 1956 were performed on 3 meristic and 15 morphometric characters of "pescada-foguete" (Macrodon ancylodon) samples collected off coast near Conceição da Barra (Espirito Santo State), Atafona, Macaé, Ubatuba cities, Bom Abrigo Island and Rio Grande do Sul State coast. It was also observed morphological differences in otoliths collected at each region. The number of statistical differences among samples and different morphological characteristics presented by otoliths suggested the existence of four populations along the studied area: (1) along Espírito Santo State coast; (2) near the region between Atafona and Macaé coasts; (3) along São Paulo, Paraná and north Santa Catarina States coasts and (4) along Rio Grande do Sul State coast. Probably the differentiation was caused by different environmental conditions observed among regions. Other papers about life history corroborate these results except for the Espírito Santo population about which there is no biological information up to the moment.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

AGRADECIMENTOS

Ao Prof. Dr. Paulo Emilio Vanzolini, meu orientador, que com seu apoio irrestrito permitiu a concretização deste estudo.

Aos Drs. Anna Emilia A. de M. Vazzoler e Gelso Vazzoler pelo precioso auxílio prestado durante a redação e organização deste trabalho.

Ao Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, que através do Fundo de Pesquisas forneceu-me meios para a realização da viagem para a coleta de material ao longo da costa do Espírito Santo; à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo pela utilização do computador Olivetti Programma 101, com o qual foram realizados os cálculos estatísticos; à Srta. Lucy Teixeira, pela padronização das citações bibliográficas, e pelo apoio incondicional durante a fase de preparação grafica final; ao Sr. Renato Herz pelo serviço fotográfico, ao Sr. Zairo de Freitas Pinto, pela confecção final dos gráficos, aos Srs. José Alfredo Paiva Coelho e Oscar Barbosa pelos serviços de datilografia.

Agradeço à Cia. de Pesca Taiyo Ltda pelo fornecimento de amostras de M. ancylodon da costa do Rio Grande do Sul.

Finalmente, agradeço a todos os que, de uma forma ou outra, auxiliaram-me desde a obtenção dos dados até as fases finais de preparação deste trabalho.

BIBLIOGRAFIA

BALECH, E. 1954. División zoogeografica del litoral sulamericano. Revta Biol, mar., 4:184-195.

______ 1964. Caracteres biogeograficos de la Argentina y Uruguay. Boln Inst. Biol, mar., 7:107-111.

BARLOW, G. W. 1958. Geographic variation in the morphology and physiology of the gobiid fishes of the genus Gillichthys. Doct. Diss., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, 219p.

______ 1961. Causes and significance of morphological variation in fishes. Syst. Zool., 10(3):105-117.

BERRY, F. H. & BARRET, I. 1963. Gilbraker analysis and speciation in the thread herring genus Ophistonema. Bull. Inter-Amer. Trop. Tuna Comn, 7(2):130-190.

BILTON, H. T.; JENKISON, D. W. & SHEPARD, M. P. 1964. A key to five species of Pacific salmon (genus Onaorhynohus) based on scale characters. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 21(5):1267-1288.

BOLTOVSKOY, E. 1959. La corriente de Malvinas (un estudio en base a la investigación de foraminiferos). Argentina, Publ. H. Serv. hidrogr. naval, B. Aires., H 1025:1-96.

______ 1968. Hidrologia de las águas superficiales en la parte occidental del Atlantico sur. Revta Mus. argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia Inst. nac. Invest. Cienc nat., Hidrobiol., 2(6):199-224.

BOSCHI, E. E. 1963. Los camarones comerciales de la familia Penaeidae de la costa atlántica de America del Sur. Boln Inst. Biol mar., 3:1-39.

______ 1964. Los peneidos de Brasil, Uruguay y Argentina. Boln Inst. Biol. mar., 7:37-42.

CARCELLES, A. 1944. Catalogo de los moluscos marinos de Puerto Quequén. Revta Mus. La Plata, (n.s.) Zool., 3:233-309.

CARTER, G. S. 1951. Animal evolution. London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 368p.

CERVIGON, F. M. 1966. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Caracas, Inst. Inv. mar. Margarita, vol.2.

DAMUTH, J. E. & FAIRBRIDGE, R. W. 1970. Equatorial Atlantic deep-sea arkosic sands and ice-age aridity in tropical South America. Bull. geol. Soc.Am., 81:189-206.

DANNEVIG, A. 1949. Cod scales as indicator of local stocks. Report on Norwegian fishery and marine investigations. FiskDir. Skr., ser Havunderscøkelser, 9(6):13-21.

DIRETORIA DE HIDROGRAFIA E NAVEGAÇÃO, BRASIL. 1957. Relatório dos cruzeiros oceanográficos do NE "Almirante Saldanha". Pubis DG-06-II e DG-06-III.

______ 1960. Estudo das condições oceanográficas entre Cabo Frio e Vitória, durante o outono (abrilmaio). Publ. DG-06-X.

DOBZHANSKY, T. 1955. Genética y el origem de las especies. Madrid, Revta Occid., 391p.

DUNCAN, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11(1):1-42.

EINARSSON, H. 1951. Racial analysis of Icelandic herring by means of otoliths. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 128(1):55-74.

EKMAN, S. 1967. Zoogeography of the sea. London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 417p.

EMÍLSSON, I. 1961. The shelf and coastal waters off southern Brazil. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 11(2):101-112.

FITCH, J. E. 1951. Age composition of the southern California catch of Pacific mackerel 1939-40 through 1950-51. Fish Bull., (83):1-73.

FOWLER, J. A. 19 70. Control of vertebral number in téleosts-an embriological problem. Q. Rev. Biol., 45:149-167.

FUSTER DE PLAZA, M. L. F. & BOSCHI, E. E. 1958. Estudio biológico pesquero de la anchoita (Engraulis anchoita) de Mar del Plata. I. Análisis de los caracteres merísticos. Secr. Agr. y Ganaderia, Publ. Depto. Inv. Pesq., 7.

GABRIEL, M. L. 1944. Factors affecting the number and form of vertebrae in Fundulus heteroclitus. J. exp. Zool., 95:105-143.

GINES, H. & CERVIGON, F. 1968. Exploración pesquera en las costas de Guyana y Surinam, ano 1967. Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 28(79):5-96.

HAGEN, D. W. 1967. Isolating mechanisms in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus). J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 24:1637-1692.

______ & MacPHAIL, J. D. 1970. The species problem within Gasterosteus aculeatus on the Pacific coast of North America. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 27:147-155.

HEMPEL, G. & BLAXTER, J. H. S. 1961. The experimental modification of meristic characters in herring (Clupea harengus L.). J. Cons. perm, int. Explor. Mer, 26:336-346.

HEUTS, M. J. 1947. Experimental studies on adaptative evolution in Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.). Evolution, Lancaster, Pa., 1:89-102.

______ 1949. Racial divergence in fin ray variation patterns in Gasterosteus aculeatus. J. Genect., 49:183-191.

HOLDEN, M. J. 1960. Evidence of cod (Gadus morhua L.) migrations from the Norway coast to the Faroes Island. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 26(1):68-72.

HUBBS, C. L. 1926. The structural consequences of modifications of the development rate in fishes, considered in reference to certain problems of evolution. Am. Nat., 60:57-81.

ICES. 1958. Contributions to special herring meetings 1956: On herring "races". Rapp. P. -v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Expl. Mer, 143(2):1-158.

ICES/ICNAF. 1961. Redfish symposium. Rapp. P. -v. Réun. Cons. perm, int. Expl. Mer, 150:1-311.

IRIE, T. 1960. The growth of the otolith. J. Fac Fish. Anim. Husb., Hiroshima Univ., 3:203-229.

JONES, F. R. H. 1968. Fish migration. London, Edward Arnold, 325p.

JOSEPH, J.; ALVERSON, F. G.; FINK, B. D. & DAVIDOFF, E. B. 1964. A review of the population structure of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Bull. Inter-Amer. Trop. Tuna Comn, 9(2):55-112.

KHAN, N. Y. & QADRI, S. U. 1970. Morphological differences in Lake Superior lake char. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 27:161-167.

______ 1971. Intraspecific variations and postglacial distribution of lake char (Salvelinus namaycush). J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 28:465-476.

KINNE, O. 1963. The effects of temperature and salinity on marine and brackish water animals. I. Temperature. In: Barnes, H. , ed. Oceanogr. Mar. biol. A. Rev., 1:301-340.

______ 1964. The effects of temperature and salinity on marine and brackish water animals. II. Salinity and temperature - salinity combinations. In: Barnes, H., ed. - Oceanogr. Mar. biol. A. Rev., 2:281-339.

KRAMER, C. Y. 1956. Extension of multiple range tests to group means with unequal numbers of replications. Biometrics, 12(3):307-310.

LARA, F. J. S. 1951. A study of the history of Macrodon artoylodon (Bloch & Schneider), a Sciaenidae fish occurring on the coast of southern Brazil. Anais Acad. bras. Cienc, 23(3):291-322.

LEA, E. 1929. The herring's scale as a certificate of origin. Its applicability to race investigations. Rapp. P. -v. Réun. Cons, perm int. Explor., Mer, 54:21-34.

LOPES, R. B. 1963a. Problemas sobre la distribución geográfica de los peces marinos. Revta Mus. Argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia, Hidrobiol., 1(3):11-135.

______ 1963b. Peces marinos de la República Argentina. Cons. Fed. inv., Eval. Recur, nat. Arg., 7(3):105-219.

LOVE, R. M. 1970. The chemical biology of fishes. London, Academic Press, 547p.

LOWE-McCONNELL, R. H. 1966. The Sciaenidae fishes of British Guiana. Bull. mar. Sci., 16(1):20-57.

MARR, J. C. 1955. The use of morphometric data in systematic, racial and relative growth studies in fishes. Copeia, (1):23-31.

MARTIN, W. R. 1949. The mechanics of environmental control of body form in fishes. Univ. Toronto Stud. biol. Ser., (58); Publ. Ontario Fish. Res. Lab., (70): 1-91.

MASCARENHAS JR., A. da S.; MIRANDA, L. B. & ROCK, N. J. 1971. A study of the océanographie conditions in the region of Cabo Frio. In: Costlow Jr., J.D., ed. - Fertility of the sea. New York, Gordon & Breach, 2:285-308.

MAYR, E. 1966. Animal species and evolution. Cambridge, Belknap Press, 797p.

MENEZES, N. A. de 1969. Systematics and evolution of the tribe Acesthorhynchini (Pisces, Characidae). Archos Zool. Est.S Paulo, 18(1-2):1-150.

MOLANDER, A. R. & MOLANDER-SWEDMARK, M. 1957. Experimental investigations on variation in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Rep. Fishery Bd Swed., (7):1-45.

MONTANUCCI, R. R. 1970. Analysis of hibridizatión between Cvotaphytus wislizenu and Crotaphylus silus (Sauria: Iguanidae) in California. Copeia, (1):104-123.

MYERS, G. S. 1960. Restrition of the croakers (Sciaenidae) and anchovies (Engraulidae) to continental waters. Copeia, (1):67-68.

OKUDA, T. 1962, Physical and chemical oceanography over continental shelf between Cabo Frio and Vitória (Central Brazil). J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 20th ann. vol.:514-540.

PARRIS H, B. B. & SHARMAN, D. P. 1958. Some remarks on methods used in herring racial investigations with special reference to otolith studies. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 143(2):66-80.

PEREZ FARFANTE, I. 1969. Western Atlantic shrimps of the genus Penaeus. Fishery Bull. Fish Wild. Serv. U.S., 67(3):461-591.

PUYO, J. 1949. Poissons de la Guyane Française. Paris, Faune Emp. fr., 280p.

PIMENTEL, R. A. 1958. Taxonomic methods, their bearing on speciation. Syst. Zool., 7(4):139-156.

RICHARDSON, I. D. & MORAES, M. N. 1960. A first appraisal of the landings and mechanism of the Santos fishery. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 11(1):5-86.

ROLLEFSEN, G. 1954. Observations on the cod and cod fisheries of Lofoten. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 136:40-47.

ROSENBLATT, R. H. 1963. Some aspects of speciation in marine shore fishes. In: Harding, J. P. & Tebble, N., ed.-Speciation in the sea. London, Syst. Assoc., (5).171-180.

SACCARDO, S. A. 1976. Diferenciação geográfica de Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) entre as latitudes 23º30'S (Ubatuba, SP) e 32º10'S (Barra do Rio Grande, RS). Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, 127p.

SANTOS, E. P. dos & YAMAGUTI, N. 1965. Migração da pesca da Hcoguete, Macrodon ancylodon. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 14(1).129-131.

SCHMALHAUSEN,I. I. 1949. Factors of evolution. Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company, 327p.

SCHMIDT, J. 1917. Racial investigations. I. Zoarces viviparus L. and local races of the same. C.r. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, 13:279-397.

______ 1920. Racial investigations. V. Experimental investigations with Zoarces viviiparus L. C.r. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, 24(9):1-14.

______ 1921. Racial investigations. VII. Annual fluctuations of racial characters in Zoarces viviparus. C.r. Trav. Lab. Calsberg, 14(15):1-24.

SCHOPF, T. J. M. & GOOCH. J. L. 19,71. Gene frequencies in a marine ectoproct: a cline in natural populations related to sea temperature. Evolution, 25:286-289.

SICK, K. 1961. Haemoglobin polymorphism in fishes. Nature, Lond., 192(4805):894-896.

______ 1965a. Haemoglobin polymorphism of cod in the Baltic and Danish Belt Sea. Hereditas, 54(2):19-48.

______ 1965b. Haemoglobin polymorphism of cod in the North Sea and the North Atlantic oceans. Hereditas, 54(3):49-73.

SIEGEL, S. 1956. Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York, McGraw-Hill, 312p.

SILVA, P. C. M. da & RODRIGUES, R. F. 1966. Modificações na estrutura vertical das águas sobre a borda da plataforma continental por influencia do vento. Nota tec. Inst. Pesq. Mar., (35).

SINDERMANN, C. J. 1961. Serological studies of Atlantic redfish. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U.S., 61:351-354.

SINNOT, E. W.; DUNN, L. C. & DOBZHANSKY, T. 1961. Principios de genética. Barcelona, Edic. Omega, 581p.

SMITH, S. H. 1957. Evolution and distribution of the coregonids. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 14(4)-599-604.

SMITH, H. M. 1960. Evolution of chordate structure. New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 529p. .

SNEDECOR, G. W. 1956. Statistical methods. Fifty ed. Ames, Iowa State University Press, 534p.

SPIEGEL, M. R. 1969. Estatística. São Paulo, Ao livro técnico, 580p.

STEBBINS, G. L. 1950. Variation and evolution in plants. New York, Columbia University Press, 643p.

______ 1970. Processos de evolução orgânica. Tradução de S. A. Rodrigues e P. R. Rodrigues. São Paulo, Polígono/EDUSP, 252p.

STUARDO, B. J. 1964. Distribución de los moluscos marinos litorales en Latino America. Boln Inst. Biol. mar., 7:79-91.

SVERDRUP, H. U.; JOHNSON, M. W. & FLEMING, R. H. 1960. The oceans: their physics, chemistry and, general biology. New York, Prentice-Hall, 1087p.

TÅNING, A. V. 1952. Experimental study of meristic characters in fishes. Biol. Rev., 27·169-193.

VANNUCCI, M. 1951. Distribuição dos Hydrozoa até agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Bolm Inst. paul. Oceanogr., 2(1):105-124.

______ 1962. Preliminary results on the study of the zooplankton standing stock off the south Brazilian coast at 25º lat. S. Contrções Inst, oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, sér. Ocean, biol., (3):1-28.

VANZOLINI, P. E. 1968. Environmental temperatures and number of body annuli in Amphisbena alba: notes on a cline (Sauria, Amphisbaenidae). Papeis Dep. Zool. S Paulo, 21(23):231-241.

______ 1970. Zoologia sistemática, geografia e a origem das espécies. Inst. Geogr. Univ. S Paulo, sér. Teses e Monogr., (3):1-56.

VARGAS, C. P. 1976. Estudo sobre a diferenciação geográfica de Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875) entre as latitudes 23º30'S (Ubatuba, SP) e 33ºS (Albardão, RS). 1 e 2. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, 182p.

VAZZOLER, A. E. A. de M. 1962. Sobre a primeira maturação sexual e destruição de peixes imaturos. Bolmlnst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 12(2):5-38.

______ 1963a. Sobre a fecundidade e a desova da pescada-foguete. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 13(2):33-40.

______ 1963b. Deslocamentos sazonais da corvina relacionados com as massas de água. Contrções Inst. oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, sér. Ocean, biol., (5):1-8.

______ 1965. Relative spawning power of Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch) population in the southern coast of Brazil. Anais Acad, bras. Ciênc, 37(supl.).365-370.

______ 1971. Diversificação fisiológica e morfológica de Micropogon furnieri (Desmarest, 1822) ao sul de Cabo Frio, Brasil. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 20(2):1-70.

______ & SANTOS, E. P. dos 1965. Migração da corvina (Micropogon furnieri), na costa sul do Brasil. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 14(1):115-128.

VAZZOLER, G. & IWAI, M. 1971. Relatório sobre prospecção e pesca exploratória na plataforma continental do Rio Grande do Sul (abril de 1968 a março de 1969). Contrções Inst. oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, sér. Ocean. Biol., (25):1-79+5 apênd.

VERNON, E. G. 1957. Morphometric comparison of three races of kokanne (Oncorhynchus nerka) within a large Bristish Columbia lake. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 14(A):573-598.

WALFORD, L. A. 1939. The migration and conservation of salmon. Publ. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., (8):1-106.

WATANABE, K. 1963. Variations in chemical composition in some commercial fishes from the south of Brazil. Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish., 29(5):469-474.

WATERS, J. H. 1964. Subspecific intergradation in the Nantucket Island Massachussets, population of the turtle Chrysemys picta. Copeia, (3):550-553.

YAMAGUTI, N. 1967. Desova da pescada-foguete, Maorodon anoylodon. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 16(1):101-106.

______ 1968. Mortalidade da pescada-f oguete, Maorodon anoylodon Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 17(nº único):67-70.

______ & MORAES, A. E. D. de 1965. Análise da pesca da pescada-foguete na costa centro sul do Brasil. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 14(1):115-124.

______ & SANTOS, E. P. dos 1966. Crescimento da pescada-foguete (Maorodon anoylodon) : aspecto quantitativo. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 15(1):75-78.

(Recebido em 25/novembro/1977)

  • BALECH, E. 1954. División zoogeografica del litoral sulamericano. Revta Biol, mar., 4:184-195.
  • ______ 1964. Caracteres biogeograficos de la Argentina y Uruguay. Boln Inst. Biol, mar., 7:107-111.
  • BARLOW, G. W. 1958. Geographic variation in the morphology and physiology of the gobiid fishes of the genus Gillichthys Doct. Diss., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, 219p.
  • ______ 1961. Causes and significance of morphological variation in fishes. Syst. Zool., 10(3):105-117.
  • BERRY, F. H. & BARRET, I. 1963. Gilbraker analysis and speciation in the thread herring genus Ophistonema. Bull. Inter-Amer. Trop. Tuna Comn, 7(2):130-190.
  • BILTON, H. T.; JENKISON, D. W. & SHEPARD, M. P. 1964. A key to five species of Pacific salmon (genus Onaorhynohus) based on scale characters. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 21(5):1267-1288.
  • BOLTOVSKOY, E. 1959. La corriente de Malvinas (un estudio en base a la investigación de foraminiferos). Argentina, Publ. H. Serv. hidrogr. naval, B. Aires., H 1025:1-96.
  • ______ 1968. Hidrologia de las águas superficiales en la parte occidental del Atlantico sur. Revta Mus. argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia Inst. nac. Invest. Cienc nat., Hidrobiol., 2(6):199-224.
  • BOSCHI, E. E. 1963. Los camarones comerciales de la familia Penaeidae de la costa atlántica de America del Sur. Boln Inst. Biol mar., 3:1-39.
  • ______ 1964. Los peneidos de Brasil, Uruguay y Argentina. Boln Inst. Biol. mar., 7:37-42.
  • CARCELLES, A. 1944. Catalogo de los moluscos marinos de Puerto Quequén. Revta Mus. La Plata, (n.s.) Zool., 3:233-309.
  • CARTER, G. S. 1951. Animal evolution. London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 368p.
  • CERVIGON, F. M. 1966. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Caracas, Inst. Inv. mar. Margarita, vol.2.
  • DAMUTH, J. E. & FAIRBRIDGE, R. W. 1970. Equatorial Atlantic deep-sea arkosic sands and ice-age aridity in tropical South America. Bull. geol. Soc.Am., 81:189-206.
  • DANNEVIG, A. 1949. Cod scales as indicator of local stocks. Report on Norwegian fishery and marine investigations. FiskDir. Skr., ser Havunderscøkelser, 9(6):13-21.
  • DIRETORIA DE HIDROGRAFIA E NAVEGAÇÃO, BRASIL. 1957. Relatório dos cruzeiros oceanográficos do NE "Almirante Saldanha". Pubis DG-06-II e DG-06-III.
  • ______ 1960. Estudo das condições oceanográficas entre Cabo Frio e Vitória, durante o outono (abrilmaio). Publ. DG-06-X.
  • DOBZHANSKY, T. 1955. Genética y el origem de las especies. Madrid, Revta Occid., 391p.
  • DUNCAN, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11(1):1-42.
  • EINARSSON, H. 1951. Racial analysis of Icelandic herring by means of otoliths. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 128(1):55-74.
  • EKMAN, S. 1967. Zoogeography of the sea. London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 417p.
  • EMÍLSSON, I. 1961. The shelf and coastal waters off southern Brazil. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 11(2):101-112.
  • FITCH, J. E. 1951. Age composition of the southern California catch of Pacific mackerel 1939-40 through 1950-51. Fish Bull., (83):1-73.
  • FOWLER, J. A. 19 70. Control of vertebral number in téleosts-an embriological problem. Q. Rev. Biol., 45:149-167.
  • FUSTER DE PLAZA, M. L. F. & BOSCHI, E. E. 1958. Estudio biológico pesquero de la anchoita (Engraulis anchoita) de Mar del Plata. I. Análisis de los caracteres merísticos. Secr. Agr. y Ganaderia, Publ. Depto. Inv. Pesq., 7.
  • GABRIEL, M. L. 1944. Factors affecting the number and form of vertebrae in Fundulus heteroclitus J. exp. Zool., 95:105-143.
  • GINES, H. & CERVIGON, F. 1968. Exploración pesquera en las costas de Guyana y Surinam, ano 1967. Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 28(79):5-96.
  • HAGEN, D. W. 1967. Isolating mechanisms in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 24:1637-1692.
  • ______ & MacPHAIL, J. D. 1970. The species problem within Gasterosteus aculeatus on the Pacific coast of North America. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 27:147-155.
  • HEMPEL, G. & BLAXTER, J. H. S. 1961. The experimental modification of meristic characters in herring (Clupea harengus L.). J. Cons. perm, int. Explor. Mer, 26:336-346.
  • HEUTS, M. J. 1947. Experimental studies on adaptative evolution in Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.). Evolution, Lancaster, Pa., 1:89-102.
  • ______ 1949. Racial divergence in fin ray variation patterns in Gasterosteus aculeatus. J. Genect., 49:183-191.
  • HOLDEN, M. J. 1960. Evidence of cod (Gadus morhua L.) migrations from the Norway coast to the Faroes Island. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 26(1):68-72.
  • HUBBS, C. L. 1926. The structural consequences of modifications of the development rate in fishes, considered in reference to certain problems of evolution. Am. Nat., 60:57-81.
  • ICES. 1958. Contributions to special herring meetings 1956: On herring "races". Rapp. P. -v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Expl. Mer, 143(2):1-158.
  • ICES/ICNAF. 1961. Redfish symposium. Rapp. P. -v. Réun. Cons. perm, int. Expl. Mer, 150:1-311.
  • IRIE, T. 1960. The growth of the otolith. J. Fac Fish. Anim. Husb., Hiroshima Univ., 3:203-229.
  • JONES, F. R. H. 1968. Fish migration. London, Edward Arnold, 325p.
  • JOSEPH, J.; ALVERSON, F. G.; FINK, B. D. & DAVIDOFF, E. B. 1964. A review of the population structure of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Bull. Inter-Amer. Trop. Tuna Comn, 9(2):55-112.
  • KHAN, N. Y. & QADRI, S. U. 1970. Morphological differences in Lake Superior lake char. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 27:161-167.
  • ______ 1971. Intraspecific variations and postglacial distribution of lake char (Salvelinus namaycush). J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 28:465-476.
  • KINNE, O. 1963. The effects of temperature and salinity on marine and brackish water animals. I. Temperature. In: Barnes, H. , ed. Oceanogr. Mar. biol. A. Rev., 1:301-340.
  • ______ 1964. The effects of temperature and salinity on marine and brackish water animals. II. Salinity and temperature - salinity combinations. In: Barnes, H., ed. - Oceanogr. Mar. biol. A. Rev., 2:281-339.
  • KRAMER, C. Y. 1956. Extension of multiple range tests to group means with unequal numbers of replications. Biometrics, 12(3):307-310.
  • LARA, F. J. S. 1951. A study of the history of Macrodon artoylodon (Bloch & Schneider), a Sciaenidae fish occurring on the coast of southern Brazil. Anais Acad. bras. Cienc, 23(3):291-322.
  • LEA, E. 1929. The herring's scale as a certificate of origin. Its applicability to race investigations. Rapp. P. -v. Réun. Cons, perm int. Explor., Mer, 54:21-34.
  • LOPES, R. B. 1963a Problemas sobre la distribución geográfica de los peces marinos. Revta Mus. Argent. Cienc. nat. Bernardino Rivadavia, Hidrobiol., 1(3):11-135.
  • ______ 1963b Peces marinos de la República Argentina. Cons. Fed. inv., Eval. Recur, nat. Arg., 7(3):105-219.
  • LOVE, R. M. 1970. The chemical biology of fishes. London, Academic Press, 547p.
  • LOWE-McCONNELL, R. H. 1966. The Sciaenidae fishes of British Guiana. Bull. mar. Sci., 16(1):20-57.
  • MARR, J. C. 1955. The use of morphometric data in systematic, racial and relative growth studies in fishes. Copeia, (1):23-31.
  • MARTIN, W. R. 1949. The mechanics of environmental control of body form in fishes. Univ. Toronto Stud. biol. Ser., (58);
  • Publ. Ontario Fish. Res. Lab., (70): 1-91.
  • MASCARENHAS JR., A. da S.; MIRANDA, L. B. & ROCK, N. J. 1971. A study of the océanographie conditions in the region of Cabo Frio. In: Costlow Jr., J.D., ed. - Fertility of the sea. New York, Gordon & Breach, 2:285-308.
  • MAYR, E. 1966. Animal species and evolution. Cambridge, Belknap Press, 797p.
  • MENEZES, N. A. de 1969. Systematics and evolution of the tribe Acesthorhynchini (Pisces, Characidae). Archos Zool. Est.S Paulo, 18(1-2):1-150.
  • MOLANDER, A. R. & MOLANDER-SWEDMARK, M. 1957. Experimental investigations on variation in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) Rep. Fishery Bd Swed., (7):1-45.
  • MONTANUCCI, R. R. 1970. Analysis of hibridizatión between Cvotaphytus wislizenu and Crotaphylus silus (Sauria: Iguanidae) in California. Copeia, (1):104-123.
  • MYERS, G. S. 1960. Restrition of the croakers (Sciaenidae) and anchovies (Engraulidae) to continental waters. Copeia, (1):67-68.
  • OKUDA, T. 1962, Physical and chemical oceanography over continental shelf between Cabo Frio and Vitória (Central Brazil). J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 20th ann. vol.:514-540.
  • PARRIS H, B. B. & SHARMAN, D. P. 1958. Some remarks on methods used in herring racial investigations with special reference to otolith studies. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 143(2):66-80.
  • PEREZ FARFANTE, I. 1969. Western Atlantic shrimps of the genus Penaeus. Fishery Bull. Fish Wild. Serv. U.S., 67(3):461-591.
  • PUYO, J. 1949. Poissons de la Guyane Française. Paris, Faune Emp. fr., 280p.
  • PIMENTEL, R. A. 1958. Taxonomic methods, their bearing on speciation. Syst. Zool., 7(4):139-156.
  • RICHARDSON, I. D. & MORAES, M. N. 1960. A first appraisal of the landings and mechanism of the Santos fishery. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 11(1):5-86.
  • ROLLEFSEN, G. 1954. Observations on the cod and cod fisheries of Lofoten. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 136:40-47.
  • ROSENBLATT, R. H. 1963. Some aspects of speciation in marine shore fishes. In: Harding, J. P. & Tebble, N., ed.-Speciation in the sea. London, Syst. Assoc., (5).171-180.
  • SACCARDO, S. A. 1976. Diferenciação geográfica de Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) entre as latitudes 23ş30'S (Ubatuba, SP) e 32ş10'S (Barra do Rio Grande, RS). Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, 127p.
  • SANTOS, E. P. dos & YAMAGUTI, N. 1965. Migração da pesca da Hcoguete, Macrodon ancylodon. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 14(1).129-131.
  • SCHMALHAUSEN,I. I. 1949. Factors of evolution. Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company, 327p.
  • SCHMIDT, J. 1917. Racial investigations. I. Zoarces viviparus L. and local races of the same. C.r. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, 13:279-397.
  • ______ 1920. Racial investigations. V. Experimental investigations with Zoarces viviiparus L. C.r. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, 24(9):1-14.
  • ______ 1921. Racial investigations. VII. Annual fluctuations of racial characters in Zoarces viviparus. C.r. Trav. Lab. Calsberg, 14(15):1-24.
  • SCHOPF, T. J. M. & GOOCH. J. L. 19,71. Gene frequencies in a marine ectoproct: a cline in natural populations related to sea temperature. Evolution, 25:286-289.
  • SICK, K. 1961. Haemoglobin polymorphism in fishes. Nature, Lond., 192(4805):894-896.
  • ______ 1965a. Haemoglobin polymorphism of cod in the Baltic and Danish Belt Sea. Hereditas, 54(2):19-48.
  • ______ 1965b. Haemoglobin polymorphism of cod in the North Sea and the North Atlantic oceans. Hereditas, 54(3):49-73.
  • SIEGEL, S. 1956. Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York, McGraw-Hill, 312p.
  • SILVA, P. C. M. da & RODRIGUES, R. F. 1966. Modificações na estrutura vertical das águas sobre a borda da plataforma continental por influencia do vento. Nota tec. Inst. Pesq. Mar., (35).
  • SINDERMANN, C. J. 1961. Serological studies of Atlantic redfish. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl. Serv. U.S., 61:351-354.
  • SINNOT, E. W.; DUNN, L. C. & DOBZHANSKY, T. 1961. Principios de genética. Barcelona, Edic. Omega, 581p.
  • SMITH, S. H. 1957. Evolution and distribution of the coregonids. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 14(4)-599-604.
  • SMITH, H. M. 1960. Evolution of chordate structure. New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 529p.
  • SNEDECOR, G. W. 1956. Statistical methods. Fifty ed. Ames, Iowa State University Press, 534p.
  • SPIEGEL, M. R. 1969. Estatística. São Paulo, Ao livro técnico, 580p.
  • STEBBINS, G. L. 1950. Variation and evolution in plants. New York, Columbia University Press, 643p.
  • ______ 1970. Processos de evolução orgânica. Tradução de S. A. Rodrigues e P. R. Rodrigues. São Paulo, Polígono/EDUSP, 252p.
  • STUARDO, B. J. 1964. Distribución de los moluscos marinos litorales en Latino America. Boln Inst. Biol. mar., 7:79-91.
  • SVERDRUP, H. U.; JOHNSON, M. W. & FLEMING, R. H. 1960. The oceans: their physics, chemistry and, general biology. New York, Prentice-Hall, 1087p.
  • TÅNING, A. V. 1952. Experimental study of meristic characters in fishes. Biol. Rev., 27·169-193.
  • VANNUCCI, M. 1951. Distribuição dos Hydrozoa até agora conhecidos nas costas do Brasil. Bolm Inst. paul. Oceanogr., 2(1):105-124.
  • ______ 1962. Preliminary results on the study of the zooplankton standing stock off the south Brazilian coast at 25ş lat. S. Contrções Inst, oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, sér. Ocean, biol., (3):1-28.
  • VANZOLINI, P. E. 1968. Environmental temperatures and number of body annuli in Amphisbena alba: notes on a cline (Sauria, Amphisbaenidae). Papeis Dep. Zool. S Paulo, 21(23):231-241.
  • ______ 1970. Zoologia sistemática, geografia e a origem das espécies. Inst. Geogr. Univ. S Paulo, sér. Teses e Monogr., (3):1-56.
  • VARGAS, C. P. 1976. Estudo sobre a diferenciação geográfica de Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875) entre as latitudes 23ş30'S (Ubatuba, SP) e 33şS (Albardão, RS). 1 e 2. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, 182p.
  • ______ 1963a Sobre a fecundidade e a desova da pescada-foguete. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 13(2):33-40.
  • ______ 1963b Deslocamentos sazonais da corvina relacionados com as massas de água. Contrções Inst. oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, sér. Ocean, biol., (5):1-8.
  • ______ 1965. Relative spawning power of Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch) population in the southern coast of Brazil. Anais Acad, bras. Ciênc, 37(supl.).365-370.
  • ______ 1971. Diversificação fisiológica e morfológica de Micropogon furnieri (Desmarest, 1822) ao sul de Cabo Frio, Brasil. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 20(2):1-70.
  • ______ & SANTOS, E. P. dos 1965. Migração da corvina (Micropogon furnieri), na costa sul do Brasil. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 14(1):115-128.
  • VAZZOLER, G. & IWAI, M. 1971. Relatório sobre prospecção e pesca exploratória na plataforma continental do Rio Grande do Sul (abril de 1968 a março de 1969). Contrções Inst. oceanogr. Univ. S Paulo, sér. Ocean. Biol., (25):1-79+5 apênd.
  • VERNON, E. G. 1957. Morphometric comparison of three races of kokanne (Oncorhynchus nerka) within a large Bristish Columbia lake. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 14(A):573-598.
  • WALFORD, L. A. 1939. The migration and conservation of salmon. Publ. Amer. Ass. Adv. Sci., (8):1-106.
  • WATANABE, K. 1963. Variations in chemical composition in some commercial fishes from the south of Brazil. Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish., 29(5):469-474.
  • WATERS, J. H. 1964. Subspecific intergradation in the Nantucket Island Massachussets, population of the turtle Chrysemys picta. Copeia, (3):550-553.
  • YAMAGUTI, N. 1967. Desova da pescada-foguete, Maorodon anoylodon. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 16(1):101-106.
  • ______ 1968. Mortalidade da pescada-f oguete, Maorodon anoylodon Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 17(nş único):67-70.
  • ______ & MORAES, A. E. D. de 1965. Análise da pesca da pescada-foguete na costa centro sul do Brasil. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 14(1):115-124.
  • ______ & SANTOS, E. P. dos 1966. Crescimento da pescada-foguete (Maorodon anoylodon) : aspecto quantitativo. Bolm Inst. oceanogr., S Paulo, 15(1):75-78.
  • *
    - Parte da tese de doutoramento apresentada á Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências.
  • Datas de Publicação

    • Publicação nesta coleção
      04 Jun 2012
    • Data do Fascículo
      1979

    Histórico

    • Recebido
      25 Nov 1977
    Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091 6513, Fax: (55 11) 3032 3092 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
    E-mail: amspires@usp.br