A study of the life history of Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis: IV. Distribution and abundance of sardine larvae

Matsuura, Yasunobu

doi:10.1590/S0373-55241977000200002

Abstracts

Data on distribution and abundance of larvae of the Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis, are presented based on samples collected in waters off southern Brazil during 1969 to 1971. The distribution pattern and relative abundance of sardine larvae during three spawning seasons are discussed. Relative abundance, using regional census estimates, was calculated each year. In general, larval abundance in each subarea coincided with that of eggs, although the area of distribution of larvae was larger than the spawning area. Estimates of larval abundance showed that the 1970-71 spawning season was the poorest, both in larval and egg abundance, despite the enlarged size of the area surveyed. The average temperature at stations where sardine larvae occurred was 23.4º C, ranging from 14.6 to 27.4º C, and the average salinity was 35.6º /oo, ranging from 35.0 to 36.7º /oo. Distribution of the larvae in different depth zones was analysed. Larvae usually were most abundant in the 51-100 m depth zone. No tendency for a unidirectional transport of larvae was observed; apparently they move from the spawning ground in all possible directions, spreading over the continental shelf. An estimate of survival rate of larvae, based on length frequency data pooled from the three years, was calculated. Undersampling of larvae during daytime was observed. The mean night-day catch ratio, based on larvae from all length classes sampled, was 3.93.

O presente trabalho apresenta a distribuição e abundância de larvas de sardinha-verdadeira, Sardinella brasiliensis, coletadas nas águas do sul do Brasil no período de 1969 a 1971. A abundância relativa de larvas para três épocas de desova foi calculada usando o método apresentado por Smith (1972). De um modo geral, a abundância de larvas de cada subárea coincidiu com a dos ovos, mas sua distribuição abrangeu uma área um pouco maior do que a dos ovos. A abundância relativa de larvas na época de desova de 1970-71 foi mais fraca do que as de 1969-70 e de 1971-72. Tal resultado confirma o obtido para a abundância de ovos, e, a razão deste fracasso, poderá ser atribuída ao fato de que massas de ãgua mais quentes cobriram a area de desova na época de 1970-71. A temperatura média nas estações oceanográficas onde as larvas foram coletadas, foi de 23,4ºC, variando de 14,6 a 27,4ºC. A salinidade média foi de 35,6º /oo, variando de 35,0 a 36,7º /oo. A razão de captura noite/dia de larvas foi de 3.93. Foi calculada curva de sobrevivência. Foram analisadas a distribuição da freqüência de comprimentos das larvas e sua distribuição nas diferentes profundidades e subareas. O resultado mostrou que não há deslocamento de larvas em uma direção única, mas sim uma dispersão da área de desova para toda plataforma continental. São discutidos alguns problemas sobre a distribuição e migração de larvas e jovens de sardinha-verdadeira.

A study of the life history of Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis. IV. Distribution and abundance of sardine larvae^* * This study was partially financed by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Proc: Biológicas 70/578 and 71/322).

Yasunobu Matsuura

Instituto Oceanógrafico da Universidade de São Paulo

SYNOPSIS

Data on distribution and abundance of larvae of the Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis, are presented based on samples collected in waters off southern Brazil during 1969 to 1971. The distribution pattern and relative abundance of sardine larvae during three spawning seasons are discussed. Relative abundance, using regional census estimates, was calculated each year. In general, larval abundance in each subarea coincided with that of eggs, although the area of distribution of larvae was larger than the spawning area. Estimates of larval abundance showed that the 1970-71 spawning season was the poorest, both in larval and egg abundance, despite the enlarged size of the area surveyed. The average temperature at stations where sardine larvae occurred was 23.4º C, ranging from 14.6 to 27.4º C, and the average salinity was 35.6º /oo, ranging from 35.0 to 36.7º /oo. Distribution of the larvae in different depth zones was analysed. Larvae usually were most abundant in the 51-100 m depth zone. No tendency for a unidirectional transport of larvae was observed; apparently they move from the spawning ground in all possible directions, spreading over the continental shelf. An estimate of survival rate of larvae, based on length frequency data pooled from the three years, was calculated. Undersampling of larvae during daytime was observed. The mean night-day catch ratio, based on larvae from all length classes sampled, was 3.93.

RESUMO

O presente trabalho apresenta a distribuição e abundância de larvas de sardinha-verdadeira, Sardinella brasiliensis, coletadas nas águas do sul do Brasil no período de 1969 a 1971.

A abundância relativa de larvas para três épocas de desova foi calculada usando o método apresentado por Smith (1972). De um modo geral, a abundância de larvas de cada subárea coincidiu com a dos ovos, mas sua distribuição abrangeu uma área um pouco maior do que a dos ovos.

A abundância relativa de larvas na época de desova de 1970-71 foi mais fraca do que as de 1969-70 e de 1971-72. Tal resultado confirma o obtido para a abundância de ovos, e, a razão deste fracasso, poderá ser atribuída ao fato de que massas de ãgua mais quentes cobriram a ãrea de desova na época de 1970-71.

A temperatura média nas estações oceanográficas onde as larvas foram coletadas, foi de 23,4ºC, variando de 14,6 a 27,4ºC. A salinidade média foi de 35,6º /oo, variando de 35,0 a 36,7º /oo.

A razão de captura noite/dia de larvas foi de 3.93. Foi calculada curva de sobrevivência. Foram analisadas a distribuição da freqüência de comprimentos das larvas e sua distribuição nas diferentes profundidades e subareas. O resultado mostrou que não há deslocamento de larvas em uma direção única, mas sim uma dispersão da área de desova para toda plataforma continental. São discutidos alguns problemas sobre a distribuição e migração de larvas e jovens de sardinha-verdadeira.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to acknowledge the assistance given by various staff members of the Instituto Oceanógrafico da Universidade de São Paulo during this study and in the preparation of the manuscript. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Naércio A. Menezes of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, for his valuable suggestions on the study and revision of the manuscript. Special thanks are also extended to Dr. E. D. Houde of the University of Miami, for his critical reading of the manuscript.

REFERENCES

AHLSTROM, E. H. 1965. A review of the effects of the environment of the Pacific, sardine. Spec. Pubis int. Commn NW. Atlant. Fish., (6):53-74.

BLAXTER, J. H. S. 1969. Development: eggs and larvae. In: Hoar, W. S. & Randall, D. J., ed.- Fish physiology. New York, Academic Press, vol.3:178-252.

CLUTTER, R. I. & ANRAKU, M. 1968. Avoidance of samplers. Monogr. oceanogr. methodol., (2):57-76.

GULLAND, J. A. 1965. Survival of the youngest stages of fish, and its relation to year-class strength. Spec. Pubis int. Commn NW. Atlant. Fish., (6):363-371.

HEMPEL, G. 1963. The causes of changes in recruitment. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 154:17-22.

______ 1965. On the importance of larval survival for the population dynamics of marine food fish. Rep. Calif, coop, oceanic Fish. Invest., 10:12-23.

HOUDE, E. D. & FORE, P. L. 1973- Guide to identity of eggs and larvae of some Gulf of Mexico clupeid fishes. Leafl. Ser., Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res. Lab., 4(23):1-14.

______; RICHARDS, W.J. & SAKSENA, V. P. 1974. Description of eggs and larvae of scaled sardine, Eccvengula jaguana. Fish. Bull., NOAA- NMFS, 72(4):1106-1122.

KONDO, K. 1969. Ecological studies of life pattern of the Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonica (Houttuyn) . Bull. Tokai reg. Fish. Res. Lab., (60):29-81.

______ 1974. Ecological monograph of the Japanese anchovy, Engvaidis japonioa (Houttuyn). The perspective, methodology, results and problems for the future. Proc Indo-Pacif. Fish. Coun., 15(3):195-211.

LENARZ, W. H. 1972. Mesh retention of larvae of Savdinops caerulea and Engraulis mordax by plankton nets. Fish. Bull., NOAA-NMFS, 70(3):839-848.

______ 1973. Dependence of catch rates on size of fish larvae. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 164:270-275.

MARR, J. C. 1956. The "critical period" in the early life history of marine fishes. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 21(2):160-170.

MATSUURA, Y. 1971. A study of the life history of Brazilian sardines, Savdinella aurita. I. Distribution and abundance of sardine eggs in the region of Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 20:33-60.

______ 1975a. A study of the life history of Brazilian sardine, Savdinella brasiliensis. II. Spawning in 1970 and 1971. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 23:1-16.

______ 1975b. A study of the life history of Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis. III. Development of sardine larvae. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 23:17-29.

______ 1977. A study of the undersampling problem of fish larvae observed at the fixed stations in south Brazil. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 26(2):

MAY, R. C. 1974, Larval mortality in marine fishes and the critical period concept. In: Blaxter, J. H. S., ed.- The early life history of fish. Berlin, Springer-Verlag,:3-20.

MURPHY, G. I. 1961. Oceanography and variations in the Pacific sardine population. Rep. Calif, coop, oceanic Fish. Invest., 8:55-64.

NAKAI, Z. 1960. Changes in the population and catch of the Far East sardine area. World Sci. Meeting Biol. Sardines and Relat. Spec., 3, Stock & Area Paper, (5):807-853.

O'CONNELL, C. P. & RAYMUND, L. P. 1970. The effect of food density on survival and growth of early post yolk sac larvae of the northern anchovy (Engraulis rrvrdax Girard) in the laboratory. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 5:187-197.

RICHARDS, W. J.; MILLER, R. V. & HOUDE, E. D. 1974. Egg and larval development of the Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema oglinum. Fish. Bull., NOAA-NMFS, 72(4):1123-1136.

SMITH, P. E. 1972. The increase in spawning biomass of northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Fish. Bull., NOAA-NMFS, 70(3):849-874.

UNESCO. 1968. Report of ICES-SCOR-UNESCO Symposium of hydrodynamics of plankton samplers and the meeting of working party 3. Monogr. oceanogr. methodol., (2):160-163.

VANNUCCI, M. 1968. Loss of organisms through the meshes. Monogr. oceanogr. methodol., (2):77-86.

(Received October 21, 1975)

Appendix I - Click to enlarge

Appendix II - Click to enlarge

AHLSTROM, E. H. 1965. A review of the effects of the environment of the Pacific, sardine. Spec. Pubis int. Commn NW. Atlant. Fish., (6):53-74.
BLAXTER, J. H. S. 1969. Development: eggs and larvae. In: Hoar, W. S. & Randall, D. J., ed.- Fish physiology. New York, Academic Press, vol.3:178-252.
CLUTTER, R. I. & ANRAKU, M. 1968. Avoidance of samplers. Monogr. oceanogr. methodol., (2):57-76.
GULLAND, J. A. 1965. Survival of the youngest stages of fish, and its relation to year-class strength. Spec. Pubis int. Commn NW. Atlant. Fish., (6):363-371.
HEMPEL, G. 1963. The causes of changes in recruitment. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 154:17-22.
______ 1965. On the importance of larval survival for the population dynamics of marine food fish. Rep. Calif, coop, oceanic Fish. Invest., 10:12-23.
HOUDE, E. D. & FORE, P. L. 1973- Guide to identity of eggs and larvae of some Gulf of Mexico clupeid fishes. Leafl. Ser., Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res. Lab., 4(23):1-14.
______; RICHARDS, W.J. & SAKSENA, V. P. 1974. Description of eggs and larvae of scaled sardine, Eccvengula jaguana. Fish. Bull., NOAA- NMFS, 72(4):1106-1122.
KONDO, K. 1969. Ecological studies of life pattern of the Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonica (Houttuyn) . Bull. Tokai reg. Fish. Res. Lab., (60):29-81.
______ 1974. Ecological monograph of the Japanese anchovy, Engvaidis japonioa (Houttuyn). The perspective, methodology, results and problems for the future. Proc Indo-Pacif. Fish. Coun., 15(3):195-211.
LENARZ, W. H. 1972. Mesh retention of larvae of Savdinops caerulea and Engraulis mordax by plankton nets. Fish. Bull., NOAA-NMFS, 70(3):839-848.
______ 1973. Dependence of catch rates on size of fish larvae. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 164:270-275.
MARR, J. C. 1956. The "critical period" in the early life history of marine fishes. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 21(2):160-170.
______ 1975b. A study of the life history of Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis. III. Development of sardine larvae. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 23:17-29.
______ 1977. A study of the undersampling problem of fish larvae observed at the fixed stations in south Brazil. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 26(2):
MAY, R. C. 1974, Larval mortality in marine fishes and the critical period concept. In: Blaxter, J. H. S., ed.- The early life history of fish. Berlin, Springer-Verlag,:3-20.
MURPHY, G. I. 1961. Oceanography and variations in the Pacific sardine population. Rep. Calif, coop, oceanic Fish. Invest., 8:55-64.
NAKAI, Z. 1960. Changes in the population and catch of the Far East sardine area. World Sci. Meeting Biol. Sardines and Relat. Spec., 3, Stock & Area Paper, (5):807-853.
O'CONNELL, C. P. & RAYMUND, L. P. 1970. The effect of food density on survival and growth of early post yolk sac larvae of the northern anchovy (Engraulis rrvrdax Girard) in the laboratory. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 5:187-197.
RICHARDS, W. J.; MILLER, R. V. & HOUDE, E. D. 1974. Egg and larval development of the Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema oglinum. Fish. Bull., NOAA-NMFS, 72(4):1123-1136.
SMITH, P. E. 1972. The increase in spawning biomass of northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax Fish. Bull., NOAA-NMFS, 70(3):849-874.
UNESCO. 1968. Report of ICES-SCOR-UNESCO Symposium of hydrodynamics of plankton samplers and the meeting of working party 3. Monogr. oceanogr. methodol., (2):160-163.
VANNUCCI, M. 1968. Loss of organisms through the meshes. Monogr. oceanogr. methodol., (2):77-86.

Appendix I - Click to enlarge

Appendix II - Click to enlarge

*

This study was partially financed by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Proc: Biológicas 70/578 and 71/322).

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
06 June 2012
Date of issue
1977

History

Received
21 Oct 1975

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AHLSTROM, E. H. 1965. A review of the effects of the environment of the Pacific, sardine. Spec. Pubis int. Commn NW. Atlant. Fish., (6):53-74.

[2] BLAXTER, J. H. S. 1969. Development: eggs and larvae. In: Hoar, W. S. & Randall, D. J., ed.- Fish physiology. New York, Academic Press, vol.3:178-252.

[3] CLUTTER, R. I. & ANRAKU, M. 1968. Avoidance of samplers. Monogr. oceanogr. methodol., (2):57-76.

[4] GULLAND, J. A. 1965. Survival of the youngest stages of fish, and its relation to year-class strength. Spec. Pubis int. Commn NW. Atlant. Fish., (6):363-371.

[5] HEMPEL, G. 1963. The causes of changes in recruitment. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 154:17-22.

[6] ______ 1965. On the importance of larval survival for the population dynamics of marine food fish. Rep. Calif, coop, oceanic Fish. Invest., 10:12-23.

[7] HOUDE, E. D. & FORE, P. L. 1973- Guide to identity of eggs and larvae of some Gulf of Mexico clupeid fishes. Leafl. Ser., Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res. Lab., 4(23):1-14.

[8] ______; RICHARDS, W.J. & SAKSENA, V. P. 1974. Description of eggs and larvae of scaled sardine, Eccvengula jaguana. Fish. Bull., NOAA- NMFS, 72(4):1106-1122.

[9] KONDO, K. 1969. Ecological studies of life pattern of the Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonica (Houttuyn) . Bull. Tokai reg. Fish. Res. Lab., (60):29-81.

[10] ______ 1974. Ecological monograph of the Japanese anchovy, Engvaidis japonioa (Houttuyn). The perspective, methodology, results and problems for the future. Proc Indo-Pacif. Fish. Coun., 15(3):195-211.

[11] LENARZ, W. H. 1972. Mesh retention of larvae of Savdinops caerulea and Engraulis mordax by plankton nets. Fish. Bull., NOAA-NMFS, 70(3):839-848.

[12] ______ 1973. Dependence of catch rates on size of fish larvae. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 164:270-275.

[13] MARR, J. C. 1956. The "critical period" in the early life history of marine fishes. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 21(2):160-170.

[16] ______ 1975b. A study of the life history of Brazilian sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis. III. Development of sardine larvae. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 23:17-29.

[17] ______ 1977. A study of the undersampling problem of fish larvae observed at the fixed stations in south Brazil. Bolm Inst, oceanogr., S Paulo, 26(2):

[18] MAY, R. C. 1974, Larval mortality in marine fishes and the critical period concept. In: Blaxter, J. H. S., ed.- The early life history of fish. Berlin, Springer-Verlag,:3-20.

[19] MURPHY, G. I. 1961. Oceanography and variations in the Pacific sardine population. Rep. Calif, coop, oceanic Fish. Invest., 8:55-64.

[20] NAKAI, Z. 1960. Changes in the population and catch of the Far East sardine area. World Sci. Meeting Biol. Sardines and Relat. Spec., 3, Stock & Area Paper, (5):807-853.

[21] O'CONNELL, C. P. & RAYMUND, L. P. 1970. The effect of food density on survival and growth of early post yolk sac larvae of the northern anchovy (Engraulis rrvrdax Girard) in the laboratory. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 5:187-197.

[22] RICHARDS, W. J.; MILLER, R. V. & HOUDE, E. D. 1974. Egg and larval development of the Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema oglinum. Fish. Bull., NOAA-NMFS, 72(4):1123-1136.

[23] SMITH, P. E. 1972. The increase in spawning biomass of northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax Fish. Bull., NOAA-NMFS, 70(3):849-874.

[24] UNESCO. 1968. Report of ICES-SCOR-UNESCO Symposium of hydrodynamics of plankton samplers and the meeting of working party 3. Monogr. oceanogr. methodol., (2):160-163.

[25] VANNUCCI, M. 1968. Loss of organisms through the meshes. Monogr. oceanogr. methodol., (2):77-86.