Ameliorative effects of <i>Lactobacillus</i> against Aflatoxin B1

Yasmeen, R.; Zahid, B.; Alyas, S.; Akhtar, R.; Zahra, N.; Kouser, S.; Hashmi, A. S.; Athar, M.; Tayyab, M.; Anjum, A. A.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.250517

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 84 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.250517 copy

Ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1

Efeitos benéficos do Lactobacillus contra a Aflatoxin B1

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Lactobacilli are probiotics with Aflatoxin (AF) detoxification ability, found in fermented products, GIT of animals and environment. Purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of broiler isolates of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). For this purpose, 5 isolates of Lactobacillus from broiler gut were incubated with 100 ppb AFB1 in aqueous environment and effect of different parameters (cell fractions, time, temperature, pH) on detoxification was determined by HPLC. The ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) against AFB1 was studied in broiler. The results revealed that LS (CR. 4) showed the best results (in vitro) as compared to other isolates (L. salivarius (CR. 3, CR, 4), L. agilis (CE. 2.1, CE. 3.1) and L. crispatus (CE. 28). Cell debris of CR. 4 showed significantly higher detoxification (P<0.05). Maximum amount of AFB1 was detoxified at 30°C (97%), pH 4.0 (99%) and 6 h (99.97%). In vivo study showed that AFB1 decreased weight gain (1,269 ± 0.04 gm/ bird), feed consumed (2,161 ± 0.08 gm/ bird), serum total protein (2.42 ± 0.34 gm/ dl), serum albumin (0.5 ± 0.2 2 gm/dl) and antibody titer (4.2 ± 0.83). Liver function enzymes were found (alanine transaminase (ALT): 32 ± 10.7 U/L) and aspartate transaminase (AST): 314.8 ± 27 U/L) elevated in AFB1 fed broilers. Treatment with 1% LS not only decreased the toxic effects of AFB1 (group D) but also improved the overall health of broilers due to its probiotic effects (p<0.05) as compared to control negative (group A). The detoxification ability of LS was better than commercial binder (CB) (0.2% Protmyc). It was concluded that detoxification of AFB1 by Lactobacillus was strain, temperature, pH and time dependent. LS has detoxification ability against AFB1 in vivo.

Keywords:
L. salivarius; Aflatoxin B1; detoxification; HPLC

Sr#	Names of Isolates	Bacteria	Gene Bank Accession number
1.	CE. 28	L. crispatus	MG938646
2.	CR. 3	L. salivarius	MG938649
3.	CR. 4	L. salivarius	MG938650
4.	CE. 2.1	L. agilis	MG938655
5.	CE. 3.1	L. agilis	MG938656

Isolates	AFB1 detoxified (ng/mL)
Isolates	Whole cell	Cell debris	Cell soluble
L. crispatus (CE. 28)	44.7 ± 0.002 ^b	48.5± 0.001^d	44.14± 0.002 ^c
L. salivarius (CR. 3)	37.3± 0.001 ^e	48.8± 0.03 ^c	45.15± 0.002^b
L. salivarius (CR. 4)	46.15 ± 0.002 ^a	49.97 ± 0.001^a	49.9 ± 0.003^a
L. agilis (CE. 2.1)	43.29 ± 0.001 ^c	49.33 ± 0.001^b	33.03 ± 0.002^d
L. agilis (CE. 3.1)	40.6 ± 0.001 ^d	47.5 ± 0.001^e	38.6 ± 0.001^e

Isolates	AFB1 detoxified ng/mL
Isolates	20 °C	25 °C	30 °C	37 °C
L. crispatus (CE. 28)	43.97 ± 0.04 ^ab	45.5± 0.2 ^d	47.5 ± 0.2 ^b	44.7 ± 0.25 ^b
L. salivarius (CR. 3)	43.13 ± 1.5 ^b	48.6 ± 0.4 ^a	48.5 ± 0.2 ^a	43.6 ± 0.4 ^c
L. salivarius (CR. 4)	45.3 ± 0.25 ^a	47.2 ± 0.32 ^b	48.6 ± 0.2 ^a	46.1 ± 0.1 ^a
L. agilis (CE. 2.1)	44 ± 0.1^ab	45.5 ± 0.4 ^d	46.7 ± 0.4^c	42.7 ± 0.2 ^d
L. agilis (CE. 3.1)	44.1± 0.1^ab	46.4 ± 0.3 ^c	48.6 ± 0.3^a	40.2 ± 0.2 ^e

Isolates	AFB1 detoxified ng/mL
Isolates	pH 4.0	pH 5.0	pH 6.0	pH 7.0
L. crispatus (CE.28)	47.8 ± 0.15 ^b	47.2 ± 0.1^c	47 ± 0.1 ^a	44.9 ± 0.2^b
L. salivarius (CR. 3)	47.8 ± 0.1 ^b	47.5 ±0.1 ^b	42.6 ± 0.3 ^b	38.2 ± 0.9 ^e
L. salivarius (CR. 4)	49.4 ± 0.4 ^a	47.4 ±0.3^b	46.8 ± 0.32 ^a	46.3 ±0.2 ^a
L. agilis (CE. 2.1)	47.7 ± 0.05 ^b	48.1 ±0.5 ^a	43.1 ± 0.6 ^b	43.3 ± 0.1^c
L. agilis (CE. 3.1)	47.97 ± 0.05 ^b	48.1 ± 0.5^a	42 ± 0.25 ^c	40.5 ± 0.1 ^d

Isolates	AFB1 Detoxified after
Isolates	2 h	4 h	6 h
L. crispatus (CE. 28)	44.69 ± 0.01 ^b	46.7 ± 0.03 ^b	48.5 ± 0.02^c
L. salivarius (CR. 3)	37.4 ± 0.05 ^e	45.0 ± 0.005 ^c	49.95 ± 0.02 ^b
L. salivarius (CR. 4)	46.2 ± 0.03 ^a	49.97 ± 0.01^a	49.98 ± 0.005 ^a
L. agilis (CE. 2.1)	42.6 ± 0.006 ^c	43.29 ± 0.01 ^d	45.8 ± 0.02 ^d
L. agilis (CE. 3.1)	40.4 ± 0.006 ^d	40.59 ± 0.006 ^e	45.3 ± 0.01 ^e

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[1] *e-mail: rubina.yasmeen@uvas.edu.pk