Hematological, morphological and morphometric characteristics of blood cells from rhea, <i>Rhea Americana</i> (Struthioniformes: Rheidae): a standard for Brazilian birds

Gallo, S. S. M.; Ederli, N. B.; Bôa-Morte, M. O.; Oliveira, F. C. R.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.03414

S. S. M. Gallo

Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro – UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-600, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil

N. B. Ederli

Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Campus Universitário do Marajó-Breves, Alameda IV, 3418, CEP 68800-000, Marajó-Breves, PA, Brazil

M. O. Bôa-Morte

Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro – UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-600, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil

F. C. R. Oliveira ^**e-mail: foliveira@uenf.br

Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro – UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-600, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil

*e-mail: foliveira@uenf.br

Figures (3)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
Blood smears from rheas, Rhea Americana showing erythrocytes, stained by the Fast Panotic method. (A) Basophilic erythroblast (rubricytes), with low and markedly basophilic cytoplasm, forming a thin border around the rounded nucleus (arrow); (B). Metarrubricyte or polychromatic erythroblast (arrow), where the cytoplasm has a slight loss of its rounded shape, but with the nucleus more rounded than the rubricyte and presenting the nuclear chromatin in a condensation process; (C) Young polychromatic erythrocyte where the cytoplasm is less basophilic than metarrubricyte, but with greater cytoplasmic volume, elongated nucleus with slightly more condensed chromatin and the cell with a slightly oval shape (arrow); (D) Polychromatic erythrocyte in an advanced stage (arrow) without basophilic dominance, but with a ratio of cytoplasm and nucleus of 1:1, where both the nucleus and the cell present an oval shape; (E) Mature erythrocytes, of varying size, with an oval to elliptical nucleus, centrally located with dark purple coloration, chromatin evenly grouped and abundant cytoplasm; (F) Binucleated erythrocyte in mitosis (arrow). Bars: 10 μm.

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Figure 2
Blood smears from rheas, Rhea americana stained by the Fast Panoptic method. (A-C) Heterophils; (D-F) Eosinophils; (G-I) Monocytes. (A) Binucleated heterophil, with an eccentric localization, polymorphonuclear, with granules in the cytoplasm spindle-shaped (arrow). Heterophil without lobulation (head arrow); (B) Heterophil with cytoplasmic granules above the nucleus, avoiding the perfect view of the nucleus (arrow); (C) Heterophil with vacuoles in the cytoplasm (arrow). (D) Eosinophil with a spherical shape, light gray cytoplasm with spherical granules colored in an intense acidophilic way and evenly distributed in a grouped manner, nucleus bilobulated with an eccentric location (arrow); (E) Bilobulated eosinophil with granules homogeneously distributed in the cytoplasm and peripheral nucleus with condensed chromatin (arrow); (F) Arrow shows a trilobular eosinophil with granules with a more intense coloration than the heterophil (head arrow); (G) Monocyte without nucleus division located in eccentric position presenting loose chromatin with small condensed areas (arrow); (H) Monocyte bilobulated; (arrow); (I) Monocyte bilobulated with small discrete vacuoles in the nucleus and cytoplasm (arrow) Bars: 10 μm.

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Figure 3
Blood smears from rheas, Rhea americana stained by the Fast Panotic method. (A-C) Lymphocytes; (D-F) Basophils; (G-I) Thrombocytes. (A) Small rounded lymphocyte (arrow) with a rounded non-lobulated nucleus, located slightly to one side of the cell with areas of condensed chromatin and cytoplasm homogeneous and sparse; (B) Medium lymphocyte (arrow) with an abundant cytoplasmatic content; (C) Lymphocyte with cytoplasmatic protrusions (arrow), giving it an amoeboid aspect; (D) Spherical basophils with nucleus without lobulations and centrally located and cytoplasm filled with large, basophilic and spherical granules, also found above the nucleus; (E) Spherical basophil (arrow), with nucleus without lobulation, located in the center of the cell and cytoplasm filled with granules that are scattered in the nucleus; (F) Rounded basophil with eccentric nucleus, cytoplasm with rounded granules and some granules scattered in the nucleus; (G) Mononucleated thrombocyte, oval in shape (arrow), nucleus with the same shape of the cell with condensed chromatin and scarce and transparent cytoplasm. Rounded thrombocyte (head arrow) with a scarce and hyaline cytoplasm; (H ) Thrombocytes with three vacuoles in the cytoplasm (arrow); (I) Cluster of thrombocytes (circle). Bars: 10 μm.

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Table 1
Hematological values for adult rheas, Rhea americana. in captive breeding from Brazil.

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Table 2
Morphometry of blood cells of adult rheas, Rhea americana, in captive breeding from Brazil.

EVALUATED PARAMETERS		Present study				Other authors
EVALUATED PARAMETERS		n¹ 1 Number of samples.				Blue-McLendon and Green (2010)Blue-Mclendon, A. and Green, R.A., 2010. Hematology of ratites. In: D.J. WEISS and K.J. WARDROP, eds. Schalm's veterinary hematology. 6th ed. Ames: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 987-993.	Fortes et al. (2009)Fortes, E.A.M., Sousa, A.F., Almeida, E.C.S., Conde Júnior, A.M. and Moura, W.L., 2009. Morfologia das células do sangue periférico em emas (Rhea americana). Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 215-221.
	RBC (x10⁶/μL)	55² 2 From the 58 samples collected three were not analyzed; two due to hemolysis problems and one due to clotting.	1.21±0.80 (0.29-3.10)		2.25±0.1		2.39±0.52 (1.60-2.90)
	PCV (%)	56³ 3 From the 58 samples collected, two that had hemolysis were not analyzed.		40.78±4.47 (31-51)		41.6±1.9	39.6±5.48 (30-45)
	Hb (g/dL)	56		10.44±1.39 (7.80-13.33)		13.4±0.45	16.27± 4.40 (9.40-26.00)
	MVC (fL)	55		44.71±20.09 (14.48-106.90)		18.5±5.9	17.1±3.44 (12.1-25)
	MCH (pg)	55		113.53±52.94 (40.73-286.81)		59.56^* * Values calculated from authors data.	70±19.70 (43-99)
	MCHC (g/dL)	56		25.64±2.49 (18.18-33.06)		32±0.01	42.1±12.78 (24-63)
	WBC (/μL)	42⁴ 4 Problems with staining and observation of the cell morphology in Neubauer chamber led to the discard of 16 samples.		12,072±4.116 (5.35-24.40)		13,600±3,300	8,683±4,860 (3,000-18,500)
	Heterophils (%)	58		64.10±9.90 (37-88)		(59.5±33.3)^* * Values calculated from authors data.	62.09±8.58(52-78)
	Eosinophils (%)	58		2.05±2.06 (0-10)		(1.47±1.47)^* * Values calculated from authors data.	2.18±1.02 (0.30-3.10)
	Monocytes (%)	58		6.40±2.99 (0-15)		(3.68±2.94)^* * Values calculated from authors data.	6.01±2.99 (1.40-9.70)
	Lymphocytes (%)	58		26.93±9.62 (6-50)		(31.6±23.2)^* * Values calculated from authors data.	27.04±6.60 (17.70-34.30)
	Basophils (%)	58		0.52±1.27 (0-6)		(3.68±3.68)^* * Values calculated from authors data.	2.69±1.43 (1.00-6.00)
	TPP (g/dL)	46⁵ 5 Two samples were not analyzed in one property because of lack of trust in the results and other 10 samples were not collected from another property.		6.41±0.95 (4.60-9.20)		-	-
	Fibrinogen (mg/dL)	46		297.83±249.88 (100-1400)		-	-

Cells	n¹ 1 Number of cells, considering, at least, five cells of each type per smear.	Measurements in micrometers		Morphometric
Cells		Length	Width	Index
Erythrocytes	290	14.03±1.04 (11.15-17.00)	8.47±0.89 (1.87-12.35)	1.68±0.38 (7.28-1.05)
Heterophils	289	12.93±1.57 (9.04-20.24)	11.56±1.26 (7.92-15.15)	1.12±0.13 (1.00-2.26)
Eosinophils	231	13.04±1.69 (8.95-19.29)	11.15±1.35 (7.73-15.32)	1.18±0.17 (1.00-2.28)
Monocytes	273	15.62±2.64 (7.14-24.47)	13.50±2.16 (7.04-21.20)	1.16±0.14 (1.00-1.70)
Lymphocytes	290	8.71±1.92 (5.69-16.34)	7.44±1.65 (4.41-13.25)	1.18±0.17 (1.11-1.99)
Basophils	50	11.49±1.24 (8.96-14.75)	10.32±1.06 (8.23-13.26)	1.11±0.09 (1.01-1.39)
Thrombocytes	290	8.45±1.48 (5.46-13.96)	6.70±1.31 (3.54-10.69)	1.29±0.24 (1.00-2.50)

[1] *e-mail: foliveira@uenf.br

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Hematological, morphological and morphometric characteristics of blood cells from rhea, Rhea Americana (Struthioniformes: Rheidae): a standard for Brazilian birds

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Abstract