Abstract
In this paper the authors present an additional list of aquatic macrophytes in the lower basin of the Xingu River.
Keywords:
macrophytes; lower Xingu River
In this paper the authors present an additional list of aquatic macrophytes in the lower basin of the Xingu River.
Keywords:
macrophytes; lower Xingu River
| Family/Species | Life form | Habitat | |
| Algae | |||
| Charophyceae | |||
| Chara sp. | Rooted submerged | AF | |
| Briophyte | |||
| Ricciaceae | |||
| Ricciocarpos natans (L.) Corda | Free floating | LA | |
| Pteridophyte | |||
| Dennstaedtiaceae | |||
| Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon | Amphibious | XR | |
| Thelypteridaceae | |||
| Thelipteris serrata (Cav.) Alston | Emergent | LA, AF | |
| Salviniaceae | |||
| Azolla filiculoides Lam. | Free floating | LA | |
| Salvinia auriculata Aubl. | Free floating | LA, AF | |
| Angiosperm | |||
| Alismataceae | |||
| Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli subsp. Scaber | Emergent | LA | |
| Amaranthaceae | |||
| Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Alternanthera tenella Colla | Amphibious | AF | |
| Amaranthus viridis L. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) Kunth | Amphibious | XR | |
| Gomphrena celosioides Mart. | Amphibious | TR | |
| Anacardiaceae | |||
| Tapirira guianensis Aubl. | Amphibious | TR | |
| Annonaceae | |||
| Oxandra riedeliana R. E. Fr. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Apocynaceae | |||
| Cynanchum montevidense Spreng. | Amphibious | LA, XR | |
| Rhabdadenia biflora (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Araceae | |||
| Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott | Emergent | LA, XR | |
| Pistia stratiotes L. | Free floating | LA, XR | |
| Arecaceae | |||
| Bactris maraja Mart. | Amphibious | LA, XR, TR | |
| Asteraceae | |||
| Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze | Amphibious | XR, AF | |
| Eclypta prostrata (L.) L. | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex Wight | Amphibious | AF | |
| Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Wild. | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski | Amphibious | AF | |
| Trichospira verticillata (L.) S. F. Blake | Amphibious | LA, XR | |
| Wedelia calycina Rich. | Amphibious | LA, XR | |
| Bignoniaceae | |||
| Bignonia sp. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Tanaecium pyramidatum (Rich.) L. G. Lohmann | Amphibious | XR, TR | |
| Boraginaceae | |||
| Euploca procumbens (Mill.) Diane & Hilger | Emergent | LA, XR | |
| Heliotropium indicum (L.) | Emergent | LA, XR | |
| Cabombaceae | |||
| Cabomba aquatica Aubl. | Rooted submerged | AF | |
| Commelinaceae | |||
| Commelina bengalensis L. | Amphibious | LA, XR | |
| Cannabaceae | |||
| Trema micrantha (L.) Blume | Amphibious | AF | |
| Convolvulaceae | |||
| Iseia luxurians (Moric.) O'Donnell | Amphibious | LA, XR | |
| Ipomoea setifera Poir | Emergent or Amphibious | XR | |
| Cucurbitaceae | |||
| Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn. | Amphibious | XR, AF | |
| Cyperaceae | |||
| Cyperus aggregatus (Wild.) Endl. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Cyperus articulatus L. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Cyperus digitatus Roxb. | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Cyperus distans L. | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Cyperus esculentus L. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Cyperus exaltatus Retz. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Cyperus giganteus Vahl | Amphibious | LA, XR | |
| Cyperus iria L. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Cyperus luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz. | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Cyperus odoratus L. | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb. | Amphibious | XR, AF | |
| Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Eleocharis minima Kunth | Emergent/Amphibious | LA | |
| Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl | Amphibious | AF | |
| Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Fuirena umbellata Rottb. | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Kyllinga vaginata Lam. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Oxycarium cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Lye | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Pycreus aff. polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Pycreus lanceolatus Poir. C.B. Clarke | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler) T. Koyama | Emergent | AF | |
| Scleria gartneri Rad. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth | Amphibious | LA | |
| Scleria mitis P.J. Bergius | Amphibious | AF | |
| Scleria secans (L.) Urb. | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Euphorbiaceae | |||
| Caperonia castaneifolia (L.) A. St.-Hill. | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Croton trinitatis Millsp. | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. | Emergent | XR | |
| Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong | Emergent | XR, AF | |
| Fabaceae | |||
| Acacia plumosa Martius ex Colla | Amphibious | AF | |
| Aeschynomene brasiliana DC. | Emergent | AF | |
| Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Campsiandra angustifolia Spruce ex Benth. | Emergent | XR, AF | |
| Chamaecrista diphylla L. Greene | Amphibious | LA | |
| Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench | Amphibious | XR, AF | |
| Clitoria laurifolia Poir. | Amphibious/epiphyta | LA, XR, AF | |
| Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Crotalaria micans Link | Amphibious | AF | |
| Crotalaria palida Aiton | Amphibious | AF | |
| Crotalaria spectabilis Roth | Amphibious | AF | |
| Cymbosema roseum Benth. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Indigofera lespedezioides Kunth | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Macrolobium acaciifolium (Benth.) Benth. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Macroptilium gracile (Poepp). ex Willd. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Mimosa pigra L. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Mimosa pudica L. | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby | Emergent | AF | |
| Senna reticulata Wild.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby | Amphibious | AF | |
| Sesbania exasperata Kunth | Amphibious | XR | |
| Stylosanthes viscosa (L.) Sw. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Teramnus volubilis Sw. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Vigna lasiocarpa (Mart. Ex Benth.) Verdc. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Zornia latifolia Sm. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Gentianaceae | |||
| Coutoubea spicata Aubl. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Hydroleaceae | |||
| Hydrolea spinosa L. | Emergent | LA | |
| Hypericaceae | |||
| Hypericum brasiliense Choisy | Emergent | LA AF | |
| Vismia sp. | Amphibious | XR, AF | |
| Lamiaceae | |||
| Cantinoa mutabilis (Rich.) Harley & J.F.B. Pastore | Amphibious | XI, AF | |
| Hyptis atrorubens Poit. | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Hyptis brevipes Poit. | Emergent | AF | |
| Lindernaceae | |||
| Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Lythraceae | |||
| Cuphea fruticosa Spreng. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Malvaceae | |||
| Byttneria genistella Tr. et. Pl. | Emergent | XR | |
| Hibiscus furcellatus Desr. | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Malachra radiata (L.) L. | Emergent | AF | |
| Sida acuta Burm. f. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Sida rhombifolia L. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Sida santaremensis H. Monteiro | Emergent | AF | |
| Urena lobata L. | Emergent | LA, AF | |
| Marantaceae | |||
| Thalia geniculata L. | Emergent | LA | |
| Melastomataceae | |||
| Miconia sp. | Emergent | AF | |
| Rhynchanthera dichotoma (Desr.) DC. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Molluginaceae | |||
| Glinus radiatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohrb. | Emergent | XR | |
| Mollugo verticillata L. | Emergent | XR | |
| Myrtaceae | |||
| Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Myrcia splendens (SW.) DC. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Psidium acutangulum DC. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Nymphaeaceae | |||
| Nymphaea amazonum Mart. & Zucc. ssp amazonum | Rooted floating | AF | |
| Nymphaea gardneriana Planch. | Rooted floating | LA, AF | |
| Onagraceae | |||
| Ludwigia affinis (DC.) H. Hara | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Excell | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Ludwigia nervosa (Poir.) | Emergent or Amphibious | AF | |
| Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Oxalidaceae | |||
| Oxalis barrelieri L. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Parkeriaceae | |||
| Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hook.) | Free floating | LA, AF | |
| Phyllanthaceae | |||
| Phyllanthus niruri L. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Piperaceae | |||
| Peperomia pellucida L. | Emergent | LA, XR | |
| Plantaginaceae | |||
| Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. | Rooted floating | AF | |
| Scoparia dulcis L. | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Poaceae | |||
| Acroceras zizanioides (H.B.K.) Dandy | Emergent or Amphibious | LA | |
| Andropogon bicornis L. | Emergent | LA, AF | |
| Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler | Amphibious | XR | |
| Echinochloa colona (L.) Link | Emergent | XR, AF | |
| Echinochloa crusgalii (L.) P. Beauv. | Emergent | XR, AF | |
| Echinochloa polystachya (H.B.K.) Hitchc. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. | Amphibious | XR, AF | |
| Homolepsis aturensis (Kunth) Chase | Amphibious | AF | |
| Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Luziola subintegra Swallen | Emergent or Amphibious | XR | |
| Megathyrsus massimus (Jacq.) BK Simon & SWL Jacobs | Emergent | XR, AF | |
| Olyra ecaudata Döll. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Oryza glumaepatula Steud. | Emergent | XR | |
| Panicum aquaticum Poir. | Emergent | AF | |
| Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. | Emergent | AF | |
| Panicum elephantipes Nees ex Trin. | Emergent | AF | |
| Panicum repens L. | Emergent | LA | |
| Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius | Emergent | AF | |
| Paspalum conspersum Schrad. | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Paspalum repens P. J. Bergius | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Paspalum virgatum L. | Emergent | LA, XR | |
| Stephostachys mertensii(Roth) Zuloaga & Morrone | Emergent | LA, AF | |
| Podostemaceae | |||
| Castelnavia princeps Tul. &Wedd. | Emergent/rooted submerged | XR | |
| Mourera alcicornis(Tul.) P.Royen | Emergent/rooted submerged | XR | |
| Mourera elegans (Tul.) Baill. | Emergent/rooted submerged | XR | |
| Mourera fluviatilisAubl. | Emergent/rooted submerged | XR | |
| Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. | Emergent/rooted submerged | XR | |
| Polygalaceae | |||
| Polygala paniculata L. | Emergent or Amphibious | XR | |
| Polygonaceae | |||
| Polygonum acuminatum Kunth | Amphibious | LA | |
| Polygonum punctatum Elliott | Emergent or Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Polygonum sp. | Emergent | LA, XR, AF | |
| Symmeria paniculata Benth. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Pontederiaceae | |||
| Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth | Rooted floating | LA, AF | |
| Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms | Free floating | LA, XR | |
| Eichhornia diversiflora (Vahl) Urb. | Rooted floating | AF | |
| Pontederia subovata (Seub.) Lowden | Rooted floating | LA | |
| Rubiaceae | |||
| Alibertia latifolia (Benth.) K. Schum. | Amphibious | LA | |
| Borreria capitata Ruiz & Pav. | Emergent | XR | |
| Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K.Schum. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Borreria ocymoides (Burm.f) DC. | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Borreria venticillata L. | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Diodia kuntzei K. Schum. | Amphibious | LA, XR | |
| Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. | Emergent | XR | |
| Oldenlandiatenuis (K. Schum.) DC. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Sipanea pratensis Aubl. | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
| Staelia reflexa DC. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Rutaceae | |||
| Esenbeckia grandiflora Mart. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Sapindaceae | |||
| Cupania latifolia Kunth. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Paullinia pinnata L. | Amphibious | XR, AF | |
| Solanaceae | |||
| Physalis angulata L. | Amphibious | XR | |
| Solanum crinitum Lam. | Amphibious | AF | |
| Solanum jamaicense Mill. | Amphibious | XR, AF | |
| Solanum viarum Dunal | Amphibious | AF | |
| Turneraceae | |||
| Piriqueta cistoides (L.) Griseb. | Amphibious | LA, XR | |
| Piriqueta cistoides subsp. caroliniana(Walt.) Arbo | Amphibious | XR | |
| Verbanaceae | |||
| Lantana canescens Kunth | Amphibious | LA | |
| Stachytharpeta angustifolia (Mill.) Vahl. | Amphibious | LA, AF | |
| Vitaceae | |||
| Cissus erosa Rich. | Amphibious | LA, XR, AF | |
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