Insecticidal activity of Psychotria spp., Vatairea spp. and Acosmium spp. on the biological parameters of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera)

Silva, R. M. Da; Fioratti, C. A. G.; Faca, E. C.; Mauad, J. R. C.; Mauad, M.; Mussury, R. M.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.282960

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 84 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.282960 linkcopy

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Insecticidal activity of Psychotria spp., Vatairea spp. and Acosmium spp. on the biological parameters of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera)

Atividade inseticida de Psychotria spp., Vatairea spp. e Acosmium spp. sobre os parâmetros biológicos de Plutella xylostella L. 1758 (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera)

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Abstract

In recent years, several botanical species have been tested to determine their ability to reduce the damage caused by Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in brassica crops. Considering the insecticidal potential demonstrated by many botanical species, the effects of the aqueous extracts of Psychotria leiocarpa Cham. & Schltdl, Psychotria deflexa DC., Acosmium subelegans (Mohlenbr.) Yakovlev and Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke by infusion and maceration on the biological parameters of P. xylostella were evaluated. All extracts reduced P. xylostella larval duration and caused larval and egg mortality. In the larvae, the extracts resulted in 70% mortality. In addition, the botanical extracts affected the survival of P. xylostella eggs. The extracts of P. leiocarpa and P. deflexa, prepared by infusion, delayed the emergence of adults, while the extract of V. macrocarpa reduced pupal survival. The longevity of adults was also influenced by the extracts, where the maceration of V. macrocarpa and P. deflexa and infusion of A. subelegans reduced the longevity of P. xylostella females and the maceration of V. macrocarpa and P. leiocarpa reduced the longevity of P. xylostella males. We conclude that the studied extracts were toxic to P. xylostella, especially in the reproduction, of diamondback moth. Consequently, the botanical extracts reduced the number of individuals of the next generation.

Keywords:
diamondback moth; insecticidal plant; Psychotria; Acosmium subelegans; Vatairea macrocarpa

Plants	Pupal duration (Days)		Egg survival (%)		Longevity of Females (Days)		Longevity of Males (Days)
Plants	Maceration	Infusion	Maceration	Infusion	Maceration	Infusion	Maceration	Infusion
A. subelegans	5.31 ± 0.25aA n= 17	5.90 ± 0.19abA n= 12	72.3 ± 2.62bA nc= 4	58.6 ± 8.05cA nc= 4	16.0 ± 1.08aA nc= 4	10.3 ± 2.25bB nc= 4	18.3 ± 1.31aA nc= 4	15.0 ± 3.03aA nc= 4
V. macrocarpa	4.83 ± 0.20aA n= 11	5.83 ± 0.24abB n= 15	80.5 ± 3.93bA nc= 4	85.4 ± 4.92abA nc= 4	9.75 ± 0.63bB nc= 4	15.0 ± 0.41aA nc= 4	9.25 ± 1.11cB nc= 4	18.3 ± 0.73aA nc= 4
P. leiocarpa	5.50 ± 0.21aA n= 17	7.89 ± 0.52cB n= 11	73.5 ± 3.76bA nc= 7	78.2 ± 1.61bA nc= 4	11.0 ± 0.93bA nc= 7	12.5 ± 1.89abA nc= 4	12.3 ± 0.64bcB nc= 7	18.5 ± 0.29aA nc= 4
P. deflexa	5.52 ± 0.26aA n= 15	6.44 ± 0.18bB n= 15	80.6 ± 4.15bA nc= 5	52.3 ± 5.27cB nc= 4	11.0 ± 0.63bB nc= 5	15.5 ± 0.87aA nc= 4	18.0 ± 0.95aA nc= 5	16.0 ± 1.35aA nc= 4
Controle	5.46 ± 0.07aA n= 46		94.6 ± 1.08aA nc= 7		13.1 ± 0.46abA nc= 7		16.4 ± 0.87abA nc= 7
CV (%)	7.37		17.3		22.2		12.1

Plants	Larval duration (days)	Larval survival (%)	Pupal duration (days)	Pupal survival (%)	Fecundity (Number of eggs)	Egg survival (%)
A. subelegans	6.48 ± 0.32a n= 100	29.0 ± 3.97b n= 100	5.64 ± 0.17b n= 29	92.6 ± 4.09ab n= 29	141.1 ± 20.7ab nc= 8	62.3 ± 4.66a nc= 8
V. macrocarpa	6.87 ± 0.44a n = 100	26.0 ± 5.25b n= 100	5.52 ± 0.22b n= 26	77.4 ± 8.31b n= 26	152.4 ± 20.4ab nc= 8	82.9 ± 3.06b nc= 8
P. leiocarpa	7.41 ± 0.44a n= 100	28.0 ± 3.95b n= 100	6.48 ± 0.38a n= 28	91.2 ± 4.78ab n= 28	139.6 ± 28.6a nc= 11	75.2 ± 2.50ab nc= 11
P. deflexa	7.74 ± 0.45a n= 100	30.0 ± 3.97b n= 100	5.93 ± 0.20ab n= 30	97.2 ± 2.78a n= 30	162.2 ± 13.0ab nc= 9	68.0 ± 5.86a nc= 9
Controle	11.8 ± 0.28b n= 100	94.0 ± 2.94a n = 100	5.46 ± 0.05b n= 94	98.0 ± 1.84a n= 94	208.4 ± 11.1b nc= 14	94.6 ± 0.73c nc= 14
CV (%)	15.0	66.1	7.37	21.7	23.7	17.3

Tratamento	Larval duration (days)	Pupal duration (days)	Egg survival (%)	Longevity of Males (days)
Maceration	8.40 ± 0.35a n= 250	5.40 ± 0.10a n= 134	81.1 ± 2.15a nc= 27	14.9 ± 0.74a nc= 27
Infusion	7.71 ± 0.39b n= 250	6.20 ± 0.16b n= 127	76.5 ± 3.91b nc= 23	16.8 ± 0.64b nc= 23
CV (%)	15.0	7.37	17.3	12.1

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[1] Means followed by distinct letters, capital in the column and lower case in the line, differ from each other at 5% probability by Tukey's test; n= number of individuals analyzed; nc= number of couples formed.