Physical characterization of <i>Rhipsalis</i> (Cactaceae) fruits and seeds germination in different temperatures and light regimes

Lone, A. B.; Colombo, R. C.; Andrade, B. L. G.; Takahashi, L. S. A.; Faria, R. T.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.15914

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Articles • Braz. J. Biol. 76 (2) • Apr-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.15914 copy

Physical characterization of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) fruits and seeds germination in different temperatures and light regimes

Caracterização física de frutos de Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) e germinação de sementes em diferentes regimes de temperatura e luz

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The germination characteristics of the native cactus species are poorly known, being the temperature and the light the factors that the most interferes in that process. Thus, the objective of the present work was to characterize the fruits and evaluate the influence of the temperature and the light in the seed germination of Rhipsalis floccosa, Rhipsalis pilocarpa and Rhipsalis teres. The tested constant temperatures were 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C and the alternate of 20-30 °C and 25-35 °C in a photoperiod of 10 hours, and with determination of the most appropriate temperature, the germination was tested in light absence. The germination percentage, the index of germination speed and medium time of germination were evaluated. For R. floccosa, the highest germination percentage was at 20 °C. For R. pilocarpa and R. teres, the highest germination percentages occurred in 15 °C and 20 °C. There was correlation to germination percentage between the three species, indicating that they had similar germination behavior. Total absence of germination was verified for the three species in condition of light absence. In conclusion, the temperature of 20 °C is the most suitable for the seed germination of R. floccosa. For the species R. pilocarpa and R. teres, the temperatures of 15 and 20 °C are the most suitable.

Keywords:
epiphytes; Brazilian cacti; Rhipsalis flocoosa; Rhipsalis pilocarpa; Rhipsalis teres

Species	CF	DF	PF	NS	PS	UM
R. floccosa	0.65 +0.08	0.73 +0.07	0.220 +0.060	30 +10.49	0.03025 +0.0004	6.73 +0.58
R. pilocarpa	0.94 +0.06	0.88 +0.07	0.430 +0.097	72 +18.89	0.03212 +0.0003	7.61 +0.23
R. teres	0.47 +0.05	0.48 +0.05	0.063 +0.015	6 +3.45	0.00955 +0.0006	6.55 +0.38

		Percentage of Germination
Temperatures (°C)	R. floccose		R. teres		R. pilocarpa		Averages
15	76	Bb^* * Averages followed by the same letter, uppercase and lowercase in the column on the line, do not differ by Tukey test at 5% probability.	41	Ac	93	Aa	70	A
20	92	Aa	36	Ab	89	Aa	72	A
25	63	Ca	9	Bb	71	Ba	47	B
30	10	Ea	0	Bb	14	Da	8	DE
35	5	Ea	0	Ba	3,5	Da	3	E
20-30	36	Da	4	Bb	33	Ca	24	C
25-35	25	Da	1	Bb	8	Db	11	D
Averages	44	a	13	b	45	a
C.V.(%)			16.68
			GSI
Temperatures (°C)	R. floccose		R. teres		R. pilocarpa		Averages
15	4.69	Ba	1.26	Ac	3.00	Ab	2.98	B
20	10.80	Aa	1.60	Ac	3.43	Ab	5.28	A
25	11.47	Aa	0.40	Ac	2.90	Ab	4.92	A
30	0.77	Ca	0.00	Aa	0.36	Ba	0.38	D
35	0.20	Ca	0.00	Aa	0.09	Ba	0.10	D
20-30	3.72	Ba	0.16	Ab	0.94	Bb	1.61	C
25-35	0.86	Ca	0.03	Aa	0.20	Ba	0.36	D
Averages	4.64	a	0.49	c	1.56	b
C.V.(%)			38.25
			ATG
Temperatures (°C)	R. floccose		R. teres		R. pilocarpa		Averages
15	8.50	ABb	18.29	Aa	15.61	Aab	14.13	A
20	5.09	Bb	11.82	Aab	13.61	Aa	10.17	A
25	4.86	Bb	11.67	Aab	13.63	Aa	10.05	A
30	9.81	ABb	0.00	Bc	19.49	Aa	9.77	A
35	13.75	ABa	0.00	Bb	14.40	Aa	9.38	A
20-30	8.59	ABb	14.38	Aab	18.65	Aa	13.87	A
25-35	16.09	Aa	9.50	Aa	15.47	Aa	13.68	A
Averages	9.52	b	9.38	b	15.84	a
C.V.(%)			37.29

Species	%G x GSI		%G x ATG		GSI x ATG
R. floccose	0.85	^* * Significant at 5%.	–0.74	ns	–0.87	^* * Significant at 5%.
R. teres	0.97	^ Significant at 1%.	0.67	ns	0.61	ns
R. pilocarpa	0.99	^ Significant at 1%.	–0.43	ns	–0.52	ns
	%G		GSI		ATG
R. floccosa × R. teres	0.89	^ Significant at 1%.	0.66	ns	–0.44	ns
R. floccosa × R. pilocarpa	0.97	^ Significant at 1%.	0.89	^ Significant at 1%.	0.18	ns
R. teres × R. pilocarpa	0.90	^ Significant at 1%.	0.88	^ Significant at 1%.	–0.20	ns

Species	CF	DF	PF	NS	PS	UM
R. floccosa	0.65 + 0.08	0.73 + 0.07	0.220 + 0.060	30 + 10.49	0.03025 + 0.0004	6.73 + 0.58
R. pilocarpa	0.94 + 0.06	0.88 + 0.07	0.430 + 0.097	72 + 18.89	0.03212 + 0.0003	7.61 + 0.23
R. teres	0.47 + 0.05	0.48 + 0.05	0.063 + 0.015	6 + 3.45	0.00955 + 0.0006	6.55 + 0.38

Species	CF	DF	PF	NS	PS	UM
R. floccosa	0.65 ± 0.08	0.73 ± 0.07	0.220 ± 0.060	30 ± 10.49	0.03025 ± 0.0004	6.73 ± 0.58
R. pilocarpa	0.94 ± 0.06	0.88 ± 0.07	0.430 ± 0.097	72 ± 18.89	0.03212 ± 0.0003	7.61 ± 0.23
R. teres	0.47 ± 0.05	0.48 ± 0.05	0.063 ± 0.015	6 ± 3.45	0.00955 ± 0.0006	6.55 ± 0.38

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