REDUCTION OF SOLUBLE ORGANIC CARBON AND REMOVAL OF TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AND METALS FROM SWINE WASTEWATER BY ELECTROCOAGULATION

Mores, R.; Mello, P. de A.; Zakrzevski, C. A.; Treichel, H.; Kunz, A.; Steffens, J.; Dallago, R. M.

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20180354s20170300

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Environmental Engineering • Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 35 (4) • Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20180354s20170300 copy

REDUCTION OF SOLUBLE ORGANIC CARBON AND REMOVAL OF TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AND METALS FROM SWINE WASTEWATER BY ELECTROCOAGULATION

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

In this study, the effects of operating time (t), current density (CD) and initial pH were investigated for soluble organic carbon (SOC) and total phosphorus (TP) removal from swine wastewater, pretreated in an UASB reactor, using an electrocoagulation process with aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes. For the optimal conditions, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and Al removal, sludge production and energy consumption were evaluated. The removal efficiencies for the Al electrode were 78%, 96%, 84%, 99%, 65% and 84% for SOC, TP, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, respectively. For the Fe electrode the removal efficiencies were 57%, 96%, 81%, 99 % and 61% for SOC, TP, Cu, Zn and Mn, respectively. The sludge generated, energy consumption, and theoretical hydrogen yields were 5 g/L, 1-18 kWh/L and 0.7-8.5 kWh, respectively. The electrocoagulation process can be used for soluble organic carbon, phosphorus and metals removal from swine wastewater.

Key words:
Copper; Zinc; Manganese

Parameter	Value
Conductivity (mS/cm)	6.06 ± 0.62
Total Alkalinity (mg CaCO₃/L)	3661.9 ± 209.5
pH	7.5 ± 0.53
Turbidity (NTU)	607.00 ± 161.98
SOC (mg/L)	2425.00 ± 521.07
TP (mg/L)	57.00 ± 18.02
Cu (mg/L)	1.82 ± 0.41
Zn (mgL)	6.27 ± 1.14
Mn (mg/L)	1.58 ± 0.30
Fe (mg/L)	9.21 ± 2.38
Al (μg/g)	-

Run	*t (min) (X₁)	*CD (mA.cm^-2) (X₂)	pH (X₃)	SOC (%)		TP (%)		Final pH
Run	*t (min) (X₁)	*CD (mA.cm^-2) (X₂)	pH (X₃)	Al	Fe	Al	Fe	Al	Fe
1	-1 (30.0)	-1 (27.8)	-1 (3.0)	11.8	4.3	77.2	54.7	4.3	5.0
2	1 (90.0)	-1 (27.8)	-1 (3.0)	52.1	3.8	93.7	73.5	5.0	7.6
3	-1 (30.0)	1 (50.0)	-1 (3.0)	50.3	15.8	68.2	58.6	4.8	7.0
4	1 (90.0)	1 (50.0)	-1 (3.0)	47.7	18.4	92.3	3.9	8.8	8.3
5	-1 (30.0)	-1 (27.8)	1 (9.0)	33.7	0.0	50.7	30.9	9.1	9.3
6	1 (90.0)	-1 (27.8)	1 (9.0)	23.2	34.0	91.4	100.0	9.4	9.8
7	-1 (30.0)	1 (50.0)	1 (9.0)	43.4	5.8	92.9	41.0	9.5	9.6
8	1 (90.0)	1 (50.0)	1 (9.0)	40.5	0.0	93.9	86.0	10.0	10.8
9	-1.68 (9.60)	0 (38.9)	0 (6.0)	36.2	5.1	78.1	29.0	6.3	7.5
10	1.68 (110.04)	0 (38.9)	0 (6.0)	36.9	57.0	96.3	95.8	8.8	9.4
11	0 (60.0)	-1.68 (20.2)	0 (6.0)	63.6	13.1	96.8	89.6	7.4	7.6
12	0 (60.0)	1.68 (57.6)	0 (6.0)	54.4	15.4	96.7	95.8	8.5	8.7
13	0 (60.0)	0 (38.9)	-1.68 (0.96)	10.2	11.5	2.3	0.0	1.1	1.2
14	0 (60.0)	0 (38.9)	1.68 (11.0)	22.6	12.5	65.4	72.6	10.9	11.9
15	0 (60.0)	0 (38.9)	0 (6.0)	78.6	30.4	96.6	75.4	8.6	8.4
16	0 (60.0)	0 (38.9)	0 (6.0)	76.6	26.3	96.4	80.7	8.5	8.4
17	0 (60.0)	0 (38.9)	0 (6.0)	78.6	25.7	95.6	76.9	8.5	8.9

Parameter	Electrocoagulation
	Before		After		Removal (%)
	Al	Fe	Al	Fe	Al	Fe
Cu (mg/L)	1.90 ± 0.19	1.76 ± 0.08	0.30 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.05	84.2	81.5
Zn (mg/L)	7.32 ± 0.90	5.57 ± 0.56	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.01	99.9	99.9
Mn (mg/L)	1.73 ± 0.11	1.49 ± 0.30	0.60 ± 0.01	0.73 ± 0.16	65.2	51.2
Fe (mg/L)	9.36 ± 0.40	9.47 ± 0.33	1.46 ± 0.50	63.01 ± 1.73	84.5	-
*Al (μg/g)	-	-	-	-	-	-

Run	*t (min)	*CD (mA/cm²)	pH	Theoretical amount of H₂	Theoretical H₂ volume	Theoretical amount energy of H₂	Energy yield by experimentally produced H₂	Experimental energy requirement (kWh/L)
Run	(X₁)	(X₂)	(X₃)	Q_H₂ (Mole)	(L)	E_H₂ (MJ)	(kWh)	Al	Fe
1	-1 (30.0)	-1 (27.8)	-1 (3.0)	23.3	560.6	5.7	1.6	1.7	1.7
2	1 (90.0)	-1 (27.8)	-1 (3.0)	69.9	1681.7	17.1	4.7	5.2	5.2
3	-1 (30.0)	1 (50.0)	-1 (3.0)	42.0	1009.0	10.2	2.8	6.0	6.0
4	1 (90.0)	1 (50.0)	-1 (3.0)	125.9	3027.0	30.7	8.5	18.4	18.4
5	-1 (30.0)	-1 (27.8)	1 (9.0)	23.3	560.6	5.7	1.6	1.8	1.8
6	1 (90.0)	-1 (27.8)	1 (9.0)	69.9	1681.7	17.1	4.7	5.2	5.2
7	-1 (30.0)	1 (50.0)	1 (9.0)	42.0	1009.0	10.2	2.8	6.1	6.1
8	1 (90.0)	1 (50.0)	1 (9.0)	125.9	3027.0	30.7	8.5	18.0	18.0
9	-1.68 (9.60)	0 (38.9)	0 (6.0)	10.4	251.1	2.5	0.7	1.0	1.1
10	1.68 (110.04)	0 (38.9)	0 (6.0)	120.1	2888.0	29.3	8.1	11.8	12.9
11	0 (60.0)	-1.68 (20.2)	0 (6.0)	33.9	816.2	8.3	2.3	1.8	1.8
12	0 (60.0)	1.68 (57.6)	0 (6.0)	96.6	2322.9	23.6	6.5	14.7	14.7
13	0 (60.0)	0 (38.9)	-1.68 (0.96)	65.3	1569.5	15.9	4.4	6.2	7.0
14	0 (60.0)	0 (38.9)	1,68 (11.0)	65.3	1569.5	15.9	4.4	6.4	6.8
15	0 (60.0)	0 (38.9)	0 (6.0)	65.3	1569.5	15.9	4.4	6.6	6.6
16	0 (60.0)	0 (38.9)	0 (6.0)	65.3	1569.5	15.9	4.4	6.4	6.6
17	0 (60.0)	0 (38.9)	0 (6.0)	65.3	1569.5	15.9	4.4	6.2	6.8

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[1] Corresponding author: Juliana Steffens - julisteffens@uricer.edu.br, Phone:+55 (54) 3520-9000