| Inflammatory bowel diseases |
In individuals with a genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases, abnormal microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract might be the origin of such dysregulation. |
88. Manichanh C, Borruel N, Casellas F, Guarner F. The gut microbiota in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;9:599-608.
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| Diabetes and obesity |
Studies show the effect of gut microbiota on host metabolism by improving energy yield from food and modulating dietary or the host-derived compounds that alter host metabolic pathways. |
99. Tremaroli V, Backhed F. Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Nature. 2012;489:242-9.
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| Neuropsychiatric illness |
Recent advances in our understanding of how the intestinal microbiota communicates with the brain via this axis to influence brain development and behavior. This extended communication system might influence a broad spectrum of diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, psychiatric disorders, and demyelinating conditions such as multiple sclerosis. |
1010. Collins SM, Surette M, Bercik P. The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the brain. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012;10:735-42.
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| Colorectal cancer |
Potential mechanisms of bacterial oncogenesis are presented, focus is given to the oncogenic capabilities of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis
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1111. Dejea C, Wick E, Sears CL. Bacterial oncogenesis in the colon. Future Microbiol. 2013;8:445-60.
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| Asthma |
Host's innate sensing systems, combined with recently developed methods that characterize commensal and pathogenic microbial exposure, now allow a unified theory for how microbes cause mucosal inflammation in asthma. |
1212. Hansel TT, Johnston SL, Openshaw PJ. Microbes and mucosal immune responses in asthma. Lancet. 2013;381:861-73.
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| Rheumatic diseases |
Microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases including altered epithelial and mucosal permeability, loss of immune tolerance to components of the indigenous microbiota, and trafficking of both activated immune cells and antigenic material to the joints. |
1313. Yeoh N, Burton JP, Suppiah P, Reid G, Stebbings S. The role of the microbiome in rheumatic diseases. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013;15:314.
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| Antibiotic resistance |
Horizontal gene transfer in gut has the potential to influence the evolution of members of this microbial community and to mediate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes from commensal organisms to potential pathogens. |
1414. Broaders E, Gahan CG, Marchesi JR. Mobile genetic elements of the human gastrointestinal tract: potential for spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Gut Microbes. 2013;4:271-80.
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