Ethanol production from sweet sorghum by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> DBKKUY-53 immobilized on alginate-loofah matrices

Nuanpeng, Sunan; Thanonkeo, Sudarat; Klanrit, Preekamol; Thanonkeo, Pornthap

doi:10.1016/j.bjm.2017.12.011

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Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology • Braz. J. Microbiol. 49 (suppl 1) • Nov 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.12.011 copy

Ethanol production from sweet sorghum by Saccharomyces cerevisiae DBKKUY-53 immobilized on alginate-loofah matrices

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Ethanol production from sweet sorghum juice (SSJ) using the thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain DBKKUY-53 immobilized in an alginate-loofah matrix (ALM) was successfully developed. As found in this study, an ALM with dimensions of 20 × 20 × 5 mm³ is effective for cell immobilization due to its compact structure and long-term stability. The ALM-immobilized cell system exhibited greater ethanol production efficiency than the freely suspended cell system. By using a central composite design (CCD), the optimum conditions for ethanol production from SSJ by ALM-immobilized cells were determined. The maximum ethanol concentration and volumetric ethanol productivity obtained using ALM-immobilized cells under the optimal conditions were 97.54 g/L and 1.36 g/L h, respectively. The use of the ALM-immobilized cells was successful for at least six consecutive batches (360 h) without any loss of ethanol production efficiency, suggesting their potential application in industrial ethanol production.

Keywords
Alginate-loofah-matrix; Ethanol production; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sweet sorghum; Thermotolerant yeast

Conditions		Kinetic parameters
	P (g/L)	Q_p (g/L h)	S (g/L)	Y_p/s (g/g)	T (h)
Free cell	73.64 ± 2.50^a	1.53 ± 0.05^a	31.69 ± 1.53^a	0.44 ± 0.01^ab	48
10 mm × 10 mm immobilized cell	75.14 ± 2.74^a	1.57 ± 0.06^a	13.94 ± 0.83^b	0.45 ± 0.03^a	48
15 mm × 15 mm immobilized cell	76.75 ± 1.11^a	1.60 ± 0.02^a	14.82 ± 1.94^b	0.39 ± 0.01^bc	48
20 mm × 20 mm immobilized cell	76.46 ± 1.63^a	1.59 ± 0.03^a	12.67 ± 0.28^b	0.38 ± 0.01^c	48

Runs	Inoculum (%)	Sugar concentration (g/L)	Temperature (ºC)	P (g/L)	Q_p (g/L h)	Y_p/s (g/g)
1	10.0	260	37.5	83.13	1.73	0.42
2	10.0	260	37.5	79.71	1.66	0.44
3	10.0	201	37.5	84.03	1.75	0.49
4	7.0	295	33.0	96.64	1.61	0.45
5	13.0	295	42.0	44.85	0.75	0.46
6	10.0	260	37.5	77.01	1.60	0.43
7	7.0	225	42.0	50.15	1.04	0.43
8	10.0	260	37.5	81.35	1.69	0.44
9	13.0	225	33.0	96.43	1.61	0.48
10	5.0	260	37.5	81.58	1.36	0.43
11	7.0	295	42.0	25.71	0.54	0.39
12	10.0	319	37.5	78.04	1.30	0.41
13	10.0	260	45.0	24.36	0.51	0.39
14	13.0	295	33.0	99.70	1.66	0.45
15	10.0	260	30.0	93.84	1.30	0.43
16	7.0	225	33.0	95.39	1.59	0.45
17	10.0	260	37.5	85.98	1.79	0.45
18	13.0	225	42.0	49.86	1.04	0.42
19	15.0	260	37.5	86.06	1.79	0.42

Batch	P (g/L)	Q_p (g/L h)	Y_p/s (g/g)	X₀ (cells/cm³)
1	82.54 ± 0.60	1.38 ± 0.02	0.40 ± 0.01	1.40 × 10⁷
2	84.75 ± 0.87	1.41 ± 0.01	0.44 ± 0.01	6.04 × 10⁷
3	82.29 ± 1.08	1.37 ± 0.02	0.42 ± 0.02	5.68 × 10⁷
4	81.50 ± 1.16	1.36 ± 0.06	0.40 ± 0.01	4.84 × 10⁷
5	80.63 ± 1.15	1.34 ± 0.10	0.42 ± 0.02	3.06 × 10⁷
6	82.80 ± 1.27	1.38 ± 0.12	0.43 ± 0.00	2.87 × 10⁷

Strain	C-source	Carrier	P (g/L)^a a Average values.	Q_p (g/L h)^a a Average values.	Y_p/s (g/g)^a a Average values.	References
S. cerevisiae	Glucose and sucrose	Sorghum bagasse	96 (13 batches) 100 (21 batches)	NA	0.48	Yu et al.³⁵35 Yu J, Zhang X, Tan T. An novel immobilization method of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to sorghum bagasse for ethanol production. J Biotechnol. 2007;129:415-420.
S. cerevisiae NP 01	Sweet sorghum juice	Fresh sorghum stalk	99.28 (8 batches)	1.36	0.47	Ariyajaroenwong et al.³⁴34 Ariyajaroenwong P, Laopaiboon P, Jaisil P, Laopaiboon P. Repeated-batch ethanol production from sweet sorghum juice by Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized on sweet sorghum stalks. Energies. 2012;5:1215-1228.
S. cerevisiae M30	Palm sugar	Thin-shell silk cocoon	81.9 (5 batches)	1.71	0.45	Rattanapan et al.¹1 Rattanapan A, Limtong S, Phisalaphong M. Ethanol production by repeated batch and continuous fermentations of blackstrap molasses using immobilized yeast cells on thin-shell silk cocoons. Appl Energy. 2012;88:4400-4404.
S. cerevisiae IR2	Sugar beet juice	Loofah sponge	76 (3 batches)	NA	0.39	Ogbonna et al.²⁸28 Ogbonna JC, Mashima J, Tanaka H. Scale up of fuel ethanol production from sugar beet juice using loofa sponge immobilized bioreactor. Bioresour Technol. 2001;76:1-8.
S. cerevisiae M30	Cane molasses	Alginate-loofah-matrix (ALM)	81.4 (3 batches)	NA	0.43	Phisalaphong et al.¹⁵15 Phisalaphong M, Budiraharjo R, Bangrak P, Mongkolkajit J, Limtong S. Alginate-loofa as carrier matrix for ethanol production. J Biosci Bioeng. 2007;104:214-217.
S. cerevisiae	Glucose Sucrose	Chitosan-cover calcium alginate	30.7 (8 batches) 31.8 (8 batches)	NA NA	0.31 0.34	Duarte et al.³⁶36 Duarte JC, Rodrigues JAR, Moran PJS, Valenca GP, Nunhez J. Effect of immobilized cells in calcium alginate beads in alcoholic fermentation. AMB Express. 2013;3:31.
S. cerevisiae DBKKU Y-53	Sweet sorghum juice	Alginate-loofah-matrix (ALM)	82.4 (6 batches)	1.37	0.42	This study

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[1] *Corresponding author at: Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen, Thailand. E-mail: portha@kku.ac.th (P. Thanonkeo).