Biomaterials for bone regeneration: an orthopedic and dentistry overview

Girón, J.; Kerstner, E.; Medeiros, T.; Oliveira, L.; Machado, G.M.; Malfatti, C.F.; Pranke, P.

doi:10.1590/1414-431X2021e11055

J. Girón Correspondence: J. Girón: <julianagironb@gmail.com>

Laboratório de Hematologia e Células Tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-5067

E. Kerstner

Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-256X

T. Medeiros

Laboratório de Hematologia e Células Tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1392-9321

L. Oliveira

Laboratório de Hematologia e Células Tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5968-502X

G.M. Machado

Programa de Gradução em Odontologia, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0152-870X

C.F. Malfatti

Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Minas, Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-479X

P. Pranke

Laboratório de Hematologia e Células Tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

Instituto de Pesquisa com Células Tronco, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4698-6314

Correspondence: J. Girón: <julianagironb@gmail.com>

Reference, year	Scaffold	Cells	Additive	Manufacturing technique	Study type	Results
(20) 2010	β-TCP	BMSCs	-	-	Femur defects in rabbits (n=64)	Prevascularized tissue-engineered bone grafts led to significantly higher volume of regenerated bone and larger amount of capillary infiltration
(22) 2011	PCL/TCP	BMSCs	BMP-2	Fused deposition	Anterior lumbar interbody fusion - in Yorkshire pigs (n=6)	Solid fusion in PCL/TCP/BMP-2 group comparable to autograft bone
(23) 2013	HA Sintlife, Engipore	MSCs	-	Slurry expansion	In vitro	Non-stoichiometric MG(2+) and stoichiometric apatites, in granular form, represent a more favorable environment for the growth of cells compared to a non-stoichiometric Mg(2+) apatite, in nanostructured paste.
(24) 2014	Cortical part: Silicon carbide (BioSiC)/Collagen/HA Spongy-like part: Bio-hybrid HA/collagen	BMSCs	PRP	Electrodeposition of collagen, freeze drying	Study in sheep with diaphyseal defects (n=5)	PRP or BMSCs did not further improve the osteotomy healing. Significantly higher values in periosteal callus score in the BioSiC(HaCol)+BMSC group
(25) 2014	β-TCP	Osteoblastic cells	-	Rapid prototyping (RP) 3D	Rabbit radius defects (n=3)	Scaffolds constructed by perfusion seeding and perfusion culture method exhibited better biological properties, significantly higher new bone formation and greater mechanical properties.
(26) 2015	Bioactive glass	-	-	Melting and homemade fiber tower	Study in rat with tibial defect (n=10)	Similar amount of newly formed bone compared with the control group and enhanced expression of RUNX-2 and RANK-L
(17) 2016	PCL/PLGA/TCP, PCL/PLGA/sintered and ground duck beak	-	-	Multi-head deposition system	Study in rabbit with diaphysis defect (n=4)	Bone volume percentage of the PCL/PLGA/TCP and PCL/PLGA/duck beak scaffold groups was significantly higher compared to the control group.
(27) 2017	Pullulan/dextran-based hydrogel and HA/TCP ceramics	BMSCs	-	-	Study in rat with femoral defect (n=10)	The hydrogel showed significant osteogenic properties and rapid resorption.
(21) 2018	Lithium (Li)-nanoHA/ gelatin microsphere (GM)	BMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)	Erythrogenin (EPO)	Freeze drying	Study in rabbit with femoral head defect (n=15)	The scaffold was able to improve new bone formation, increasing cell proliferation and osteogenesis, and angiogenesis effects.
(28) 2019	Hyperelastic bone (HA and PLGA)	-	-	3D printing and salt-leaching technique	Study in rat with calvaria defect (n=10)	New bone formation surrounding the scaffold struts by 12 weeks.
(11) 2020	Gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite/ and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)	Osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1)		3D printing and freeze-drying	In vitro	Enhanced hydrophilicity, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Increased level of alkaline phosphatase activity. Higher osteocalcin content. Promotion of the secretion of collagen I.

Reference, year	Scaffold	Cells	Additive	Manufacturing technique	Study type	Results
(35) 2010	BMG (bone matrix gelatin) × autogenous bone graft	-	-	Freeze-drying	Study in cats with alveolar osseous defects (n=4).	Greater levels of new formed bone in BMG group. Only on day 56, the mean of bone density was significantly higher in the BMG group.
(36) 2011	β-TCP	-	Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)	-	Clinical trial, periodontal osseous defects (n=27).	The linear bone growth and percentage of bone filling were significantly higher in the PDGF+β-TCP group at 6 months compared with that in the β-TCP group.
(37) 2012	β-TCP	-	BMP-7	-	Study in rabbits with osseo-periosteal mandibular defect (n=6).	The overall mean of the percentage of regenerated bone was considerably greater when BMP-7 was incorporated.
(38) 2013	PCL/TCP (80:20) (Osteopore)	BMSC	-	3D printing	Vertical alveolar ridge defect in dogs' mandible (n=4).	Early revascularization and higher amount of new bone.
(39) 2015	β-TCP and Type I collagen	BMSC	-	-	Study in beagle dogs with class III furcation defects (n=6).	BMSC/collagen and BMSC/collagen/β-TCP enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration compared with collagen and β-CP/collagen.
(40) 2015	Magnesium/PLGA	-	-	Solvent casting, salt leaching	Study in beagle dogs with alveolar bone defects (n=6).	Mg provided pH buffering properties to the scaffold, as well as an osteoconductive environment for bone growth.
(41) 2016	Chitosan/β-glycerophosphate with anorganic bovine bone	BMSC	-	Freeze-drying	Study in beagle dogs with bone periodontal defects (n=6).	Highest new bone area value and new bone height value compared with the control group. No significant difference was shown with the incorporation of the cells.
(42) 2017	Fibronectin/decellularized pulp tissue	-	-	Decellularization and freeze-drying	Study in rabbits with calvaria defects (n = 12).	Silk fibroin-coated scaffold demonstrated the ability to induce new bone formation with low inflammation and high vascularity.
(43) 2018	Nano-HA and collagen type I (1:1)(Allgens)+Mg-Ca alloy rods	-	-	Three Mg-Ca alloy rods were insertedinto mineralized collagen	Study in dogs with canine socket preservation model (n=6).	The combined scaffold of mineralized collagen/ Mg-Ca alloy rods was more effective at reducing the absorption of the alveolar ridge and preserving the socket site than the mineralized collagen alone.
(44) 2019	Silica coated nanoHA-gelatin reinforced and poly(L-lactic acid) PLLA	-	-	Electrospun and chemical synthesis route	Study in rabbits with bone defects in the jaw (n=12).	The scaffold suffered degradation along with the regeneration of new tissue.
(45) 2020	PCL/TCP-based ink and methacrylate hyaluronic acid/methacrylate gelatin-based bioink	-	Resveratrol and strontium ranelate	3D printing	Study in rats with critical-sized mandibular bone defect (n=6).	Enhanced angiogenesis and inhibition of osteoclast activity. The scaffolds promoted MSC osteogenic differentiation and bone formation

[1] Correspondence: J. Girón: <julianagironb@gmail.com>