Siliprandi, Carolina Correia; Brenha-Nunes, Marina Rito; Rossi-Wongtschowski, Carmen Lucia Del Bianco; Santificetur, Cesar; Conversani, Valéria Regina Martins

doi:10.1590/S1679-875920150988064(sp1)

Carolina Correia Siliprandi

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil)

Marina Rito Brenha-Nunes

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil)

Carmen Lucia Del Bianco Rossi-Wongtschowski ^**Corresponding author: cwongski@usp.br

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil)

Cesar Santificetur

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil)

Valéria Regina Martins Conversani

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil)

*Corresponding author: cwongski@usp.br

Figuras (12)
Tabelas (24)

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Plate 1
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Harengula clupeola otoliths from fishes with total lengths: A. 65 mm; B. 128 mm; C. 190 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1, C1; the lateral face in A2, B2, C2; and the ventral profile in A3, B3, C3 (Illustration: Silvia de Almeida Gonsales; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).

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Plate 2
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Opisthonema oglinum otoliths from fishes with total lengths: A. 130 mm; B. 224 mm; C. 312 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1, C1; the lateral face in A2, B2, C2; and the ventral profile in A3, B3, C3 (Ilustration: Silvia de Almeida Gonsales; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).

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Plate 3
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Sardinella brasiliensis otoliths from fishes with total lengths: A. 93 mm; B. 170 mm; C. 234 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1, C1; the lateral face in A2, B2, C2; and the ventral profile in A3, B3, C3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).

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Plate 4
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Anchoa filifera otoliths from fishes with total lengths: A. 85 mm; B. 135 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1; the lateral face in A2, B2; and the ventral profile in A3, B3 (Illustration: Silvia de Almeida Gonsales; Photos: Alexandre Arackawa).

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Plate 5
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Anchoa lyoleps otoliths from fishes with total lengths: A. 59 mm; B. 80 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1; the lateral face in A2, B2; the ventral profile in A3, B3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Alexandre Arackawa).

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Plate 6
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Anchoa tricolor from fishes with total lengths: A. 43 mm; B.86 mm; C. 129 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1, C1; the lateral face in A2, B2, C2; and the ventral profile in A3, B3, C3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).

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Plate 7
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Anchovia clupeoides otoliths from fish with total lengths: A. 55 mm; B. 80 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1; the lateral face in A2, B2; and the ventral profile in A3, B3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Alexandre Arackawa).

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Plate 8
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Anchoviella lepidentostole otoliths from fishes with total lengths: A. 75 mm; B. 102 mm; C. 126 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1, C1; the lateral face in A2, B2, C2; the ventral profile in A3, B3, C3 (Illustration: Silvia de Almeida Gonsales; Photos: Alexandre Arackawa).

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Plate 9
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Cetengraulis edentulus otolith from a fish with total length of 93 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; the lateral face in A2; and the ventral profile in A3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Alexandre Arackawa).

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Plate 10
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Engraulis anchoita otoliths from fishes with total lengths: A. 41 mm; B. 102 mm; C. 165 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1, C1; the lateral face in A2, B2, C2; the ventral profile in A3, B3, C3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Alexandre Arackawa).

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Plate 11
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Chirocentrodon bleekerianus otoliths from fishes with total length: A. 65 mm; B. 92 mm; C. 116 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1, C1; the lateral face in A2, B2, C2; the ventral profile in A3, B3, C3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).

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Plate 12
llustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Pellona harroweri otoliths from fishes with total length: A. 93 mm; B. 123 mm; C. 154 mm. The medial face is shown in A1, B1, C1; the lateral face in A2, B2, C2; the ventral profile in A3, B3, C3 (Illustration: Silvia de Almeida Gonsales; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).

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Harengula clupeola (Cuvier 1829) - Plate 1

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 2.30 ± 0.33 1.66 3.11 OH/OL (%) 57.15 ± 3.06 51.41 66.67 OT/OL (%) 21.03 ± 2.38 15.53 30.11 OT/OH (%) 36.77 ± 3.34 29.60 46.55 Circularity 21.85 ± 2.36 16.36 27.38 Rectangularity 0.71 ± 0.02 0.67 0.75

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Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur 1818) - Plate 2

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 1.79 ± 0.23 1.29 2.73 OH/OL (%) 49.16 ± 2.65 44.04 54.98 OT/OL (%) 14.78 ± 1.42 9.36 18.93 OT/OH (%) 30.07 ± 2.51 18.39 36.06 Circularity 27.23 ± 3.60 20.84 37.76 Rectangularity 0.71 ± 0.02 0.65 0.75

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Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner 1879) - Plate 3

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 2.04 ± 0.29 1.58 2.75 OH/OL (%) 45.08 ± 5.18 36.10 65.22 OT/OL (%) 14.14 ± 3.29 8.10 25.22 OT/OH (%) 31.11 ± 4.73 20.94 43.33 Circularity 26.31 ± 3.24 17.29 33.04 Rectangularity 0.69 ± 0.02 0.65 0.73

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Anchoa filifera (Fowler 1915) - Plate 4

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 2.82 ± 0.67 2.03 3.56 OH/OL (%) 57.36 ± 3.80 52.08 61.39 OT/OL (%) 18.85 ± 2.29 15.80 21.19 OT/OH (%) 32.80 ± 2.61 29.36 36.16 Circularity 17.46 ± 1.15 16.50 19.14 Rectangularity 0.69 ± 0.02 0.67 0.72

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Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann & Marsh 1900) - Plate 5

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 3.04 ± 0.18 2.91 3.30 OH/OL (%) 53.23 ± 2.88 50.64 56.07 OT/OL (%) 20.95 ± 0.95 20.09 22.03 OT/OH (%) 39.44 ± 2.58 36.08 42.37 Circularity 16.62 ± 0.50 16.04 17.24 Rectangularity 0.72 ± 0.01 0.70 0.74

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Anchoa tricolor (Spix & Agassiz 1829) - Plate 6

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 2.75 ± 0.28 2.17 3.52 OH/OL (%) 59.81 ± 4.43 49.39 67.27 OT/OL (%) 20.22 ± 1.92 16.36 24.55 OT/OH (%) 33.79 ± 1.74 29.93 36.99 Circularity 17.48 ± 1.43 15.10 21.82 Rectangularity 0.70 ± 0.02 0.66 0.74

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Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson 1839) - Plate 7

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 3.67 ± 0.28 3.26 4.27 OH/OL (%) 61.30 ± 1.66 58.76 64.36 OT/OL (%) 23.23 ± 1.88 19.71 26.32 OT/OH (%) 37.91 ± 3.23 31.95 44.30 Circularity 16.61 ± 0.82 15.78 18.36 Rectangularity 0.70 ± 0.02 0.68 0.74

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Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler 1911) - Plate 8

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 2.72 ± 0.12 2.51 2.93 OH/OL (%) 58.03 ± 3.41 52.26 62.46 OT/OL (%) 18.89 ± 1.08 16.73 20.74 OT/OH (%) 32.60 ± 1.61 30.05 35.48 Circularity 18.08 ± 0.59 16.94 19.37 Rectangularity 0.67 ± 0.01 0.65 0.69

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Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier 1829) - Plate 9

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 2.85 ± 0.25 2.46 3.35 OH/OL (%) 67.24 ± 2.55 63.49 70.54 OT/OL (%) 20.88 ± 1.77 18.01 23.36 OT/OH (%) 31.03 ± 2.14 26.86 34.97 Circularity 17.04 ± 0.56 16.20 18.31 Rectangularity 0.68 ± 0.01 0.66 0.70

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Engraulis anchoita Hubbs & Marini 1935 - Plate 10

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 2.73 ± 0.47 1.65 4.56 OH/OL (%) 55.60 ± 7.35 45.80 84.51 OT/OL (%) 18.40 ± 2.77 13.49 29.58 OT/OH (%) 33.10 ± 2.56 29.14 40.54 Circularity 18.14 ± 1.33 14.42 22.43 Rectangularity 0.68 ± 0.02 0.64 0.74

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Chirocentrodon bleekerianus (Poey 1867) - Plate 11

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 2.38 ± 0.35 1.98 3.49 OH/OL (%) 69.96 ± 4.44 61.99 77.01 OT/OL (%) 20.23 ± 1.79 16.87 24.62 OT/OH (%) 29.01 ± 2.94 24.44 35.76 Circularity 17.66 ± 0.95 15.85 19.39 Rectangularity 0.69 ± 0.02 0.62 0.72

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Pellona harroweri (Fowler 1917) - Plate 12

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Shape indices Mean ± SD Minimum Maximum OL/TL (%) 3.22 ± 0.27 2.74 3.74 OH/OL (%) 66.92 ± 2.93 61.96 77.17 OT/OL (%) 19.89 ± 1.59 17.06 24.76 OT/OH (%) 29.72 ± 2.08 25.97 34.22 Circularity 19.52 ± 1.09 17.84 21.99 Rectangularity 0.69 ± 0.01 0.66 0.72

Maximum Size:	170-180 mm (TL) (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ), but attaining 212 mm in our collection.
Distribution:	Western Atlantic from Florida to the Southern Brazilian coast (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; MENEZES et al., 2003MENEZES, N. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L. Family Engraulidae. In: MENEZES, N. A.; BUCKUP, P. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MOURA, R. L. (Eds.). Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. 160 p.).
Habitat:	Coastal waters (brackish and marine) and estuaries. Forms schools of small individuals, often along sandy beaches (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Diet:	Planktonic organisms, mainly zooplankton (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Collection:	1544 pairs of otoliths (TL ranging from 38 to 212 mm).
Sample:	86 left otoliths divided into ten 20 mm classes (20 to 200 mm).

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	2.30 ± 0.33	1.66	3.11
OH/OL (%)	57.15 ± 3.06	51.41	66.67
OT/OL (%)	21.03 ± 2.38	15.53	30.11
OT/OH (%)	36.77 ± 3.34	29.60	46.55
Circularity	21.85 ± 2.36	16.36	27.38
Rectangularity	0.71 ± 0.02	0.67	0.75

Maximum Size:	300 mm (TL) (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.).
Distribution:	Gulf of Maine to Argentina (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; MENEZES et al., 2003MENEZES, N. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L. Family Engraulidae. In: MENEZES, N. A.; BUCKUP, P. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MOURA, R. L. (Eds.). Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. 160 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Habitat:	Shallow and coastal waters (brackish and marine). Forms shoals (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Diet:	Filtering plankton (copepods) and also small fishes, crabs and shrimps (FURTADO-OGAWA, 1970FURTADO-OGAWA, E. Alimentação da sardinha-bandeira, Opisthonema oglinum (LLE SUEUR) no estado do Ceará. Arq. Ciênc Mar., v. 10, n. 2, p. 201-202, 1970.; FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Collection:	439 pairs of otoliths (TL ranging from 85 to 312 mm).
Sample:	88 left otoliths divided into eleven 20 mm classes (100 to 300 mm).

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	1.79 ± 0.23	1.29	2.73
OH/OL (%)	49.16 ± 2.65	44.04	54.98
OT/OL (%)	14.78 ± 1.42	9.36	18.93
OT/OH (%)	30.07 ± 2.51	18.39	36.06
Circularity	27.23 ± 3.60	20.84	37.76
Rectangularity	0.71 ± 0.02	0.65	0.75

Maximum Size:	240-250 mm (TL) (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Distribution:	Southwestern Atlantic from Rio de Janeiro to Argentina (MENEZES et al., 2003MENEZES, N. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L. Family Engraulidae. In: MENEZES, N. A.; BUCKUP, P. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MOURA, R. L. (Eds.). Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. 160 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Habitat:	Surface coastal waters. Forms large and compact shoals (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; BERNARDES et al., 2005BERNARDES, R. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; RODRIGUES, A. R.; FISCHER, L. G.; VOOREN, C. M.; HAIMOVICI, M.; ROSSI-WONGTSCHOWSKI, C. L. D. B. Peixes da Zona Exclusiva da região Sudeste-Sul do Brasil: levantamento com armadilhas, pargueiras e rede de arrasto de fundo. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2005. 304 p.).
Diet:	Zooplankton (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Collection:	301 pairs of otoliths (TL ranging from 45 to 264 mm).
Sample:	77 left otoliths divided into eleven 20 mm classes (40 to 240 mm).

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	2.04 ± 0.29	1.58	2.75
OH/OL (%)	45.08 ± 5.18	36.10	65.22
OT/OL (%)	14.14 ± 3.29	8.10	25.22
OT/OH (%)	31.11 ± 4.73	20.94	43.33
Circularity	26.31 ± 3.24	17.29	33.04
Rectangularity	0.69 ± 0.02	0.65	0.73

Maximum Size:	120 mm (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Distribution:	Western Atlantic from the Caribbean to southeastern Brazil (MENEZES et al., 2003MENEZES, N. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L. Family Engraulidae. In: MENEZES, N. A.; BUCKUP, P. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MOURA, R. L. (Eds.). Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. 160 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Habitat:	Shallow and coastal waters (brackish and marine) forming shoals (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Diet:	Phyto, zooplankton, small fishes, annelids and insects (MUTO et al., 2014MUTO, E. Y.; CORBISIER, T. N.; COELHO, L. I.; ARANTES, L. P. L.; CHALOM, A.; SOARES, L. S. H. Trophic groups of demersal fish of Santos Bay and adjacent continental shelf, São Paulo State, Brazil: temporal and spatial comparisons. Braz. J. Oceanogr., v. 62, n. 2, p. 89-102, 2014.).
Collection:	8 pairs of otoliths (TL ranging from 85 to 201 mm).
Sample:	6 left otoliths divided into five 20 mm classes (80 to 200 mm).

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	2.82 ± 0.67	2.03	3.56
OH/OL (%)	57.36 ± 3.80	52.08	61.39
OT/OL (%)	18.85 ± 2.29	15.80	21.19
OT/OH (%)	32.80 ± 2.61	29.36	36.16
Circularity	17.46 ± 1.15	16.50	19.14
Rectangularity	0.69 ± 0.02	0.67	0.72

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	3.04 ± 0.18	2.91	3.30
OH/OL (%)	53.23 ± 2.88	50.64	56.07
OT/OL (%)	20.95 ± 0.95	20.09	22.03
OT/OH (%)	39.44 ± 2.58	36.08	42.37
Circularity	16.62 ± 0.50	16.04	17.24
Rectangularity	0.72 ± 0.01	0.70	0.74

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	2.75 ± 0.28	2.17	3.52
OH/OL (%)	59.81 ± 4.43	49.39	67.27
OT/OL (%)	20.22 ± 1.92	16.36	24.55
OT/OH (%)	33.79 ± 1.74	29.93	36.99
Circularity	17.48 ± 1.43	15.10	21.82
Rectangularity	0.70 ± 0.02	0.66	0.74

Maximum Size:	300 mm (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Distribution:	Western Atlantic from the Caribbean to São Paulo state, Brazil (MENEZES et al., 2003MENEZES, N. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L. Family Engraulidae. In: MENEZES, N. A.; BUCKUP, P. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MOURA, R. L. (Eds.). Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. 160 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Habitat:	Marine; brackish; benthopelagic (ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ; FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Diet:	Plankton (CARPENTER, 2002CARPENTER, K. E. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Volume 2: Bony Fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication N. 5. Rome: FAO; 2002. p. 1375-2127.).
Collection:	23 pairs of otoliths (TL ranging from 55 to 80 mm).
Sample:	10 left otoliths divided into two 20 mm classes (40 to 60 mm).

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	3.67 ± 0.28	3.26	4.27
OH/OL (%)	61.30 ± 1.66	58.76	64.36
OT/OL (%)	23.23 ± 1.88	19.71	26.32
OT/OH (%)	37.91 ± 3.23	31.95	44.30
Circularity	16.61 ± 0.82	15.78	18.36
Rectangularity	0.70 ± 0.02	0.68	0.74

Maximum Size:	120 mm (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Distribution:	Western Atlantic from the Guianas to the southeastern Brazilian coast (MENEZES et al., 2003MENEZES, N. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L. Family Engraulidae. In: MENEZES, N. A.; BUCKUP, P. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MOURA, R. L. (Eds.). Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. 160 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Habitat:	Freshwater, brackish, marine. Depth range of 0 - 50 m (ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ; FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Diet:	Crustacean larvae or small invertebrates (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Collection:	54 pairs of otoliths (TL ranging from 72 to 126 mm).
Sample:	17 left otoliths divided into four 20 mm classes (60 to 120 mm).

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	2.72 ± 0.12	2.51	2.93
OH/OL (%)	58.03 ± 3.41	52.26	62.46
OT/OL (%)	18.89 ± 1.08	16.73	20.74
OT/OH (%)	32.60 ± 1.61	30.05	35.48
Circularity	18.08 ± 0.59	16.94	19.37
Rectangularity	0.67 ± 0.01	0.65	0.69

Maximum Size:	150 mm (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Distribution:	Central and Southwestern Atlantic along the entire Brazilian coast (MENEZES et al., 2003MENEZES, N. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L. Family Engraulidae. In: MENEZES, N. A.; BUCKUP, P. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MOURA, R. L. (Eds.). Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. 160 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Habitat:	Occurs inshore and forms quite large schools. Enters brackish waters of lagoons and estuaries (ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ; FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Diet:	Filter-feeder presumably on both phytoplankton and zooplankton (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Collection:	38 pairs of otoliths (TL ranging from 78 to 93 mm).
Sample:	32 left otoliths divided into two 20 mm classes (60 to 80 mm).

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	2.85 ± 0.25	2.46	3.35
OH/OL (%)	67.24 ± 2.55	63.49	70.54
OT/OL (%)	20.88 ± 1.77	18.01	23.36
OT/OH (%)	31.03 ± 2.14	26.86	34.97
Circularity	17.04 ± 0.56	16.20	18.31
Rectangularity	0.68 ± 0.01	0.66	0.70

Maximum Size:	170 mm (SL) (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Distribution:	Southwestern Atlantic from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) to Argentina (MENEZES et al., 2003MENEZES, N. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L. Family Engraulidae. In: MENEZES, N. A.; BUCKUP, P. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MOURA, R. L. (Eds.). Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. 160 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Habitat:	Marine. Dense shoals at 30 to 200m deep (ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ). Exhibits north-south and near shore-offshore migrations (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Diet:	Juveniles feed on phytoplankton but zooplankton become increasingly important as fish grow (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Collection:	3444 pairs of otoliths (TL ranging from 38 to 165 mm).
Sample:	62 left otoliths divided into seven 20 mm classes (40 to 160 mm).

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	2.73 ± 0.47	1.65	4.56
OH/OL (%)	55.60 ± 7.35	45.80	84.51
OT/OL (%)	18.40 ± 2.77	13.49	29.58
OT/OH (%)	33.10 ± 2.56	29.14	40.54
Circularity	18.14 ± 1.33	14.42	22.43
Rectangularity	0.68 ± 0.02	0.64	0.74

Maximum Size:	110 mm (TL) (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ; FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Distribution:	Western Atlantic from Panama to São Paulo, Brazil (MENEZES et al., 2003MENEZES, N. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L. Family Engraulidae. In: MENEZES, N. A.; BUCKUP, P. A.; FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MOURA, R. L. (Eds.). Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. 160 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Habitat:	Marine; brackish; pelagic-neritic; depth range 20-60 m (ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ; FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Diet:	Zooplankton and small fishes (MUTO et al., 2008MUTO, E. Y.; MALFARA, D. T.; COELHO, L. I.; SOARES, L. S. H. Alimentação das sardinhas Pellona harroweri (Fowler, 1919) e Chirocentrodon bleekerianus (Poey, 1867), na região costeira de Santos, Estado de São Paulo. In: BRAGA, E.S. (Org.). Oceanografia e mudanças globais. São Paulo: Instituto Oceanográfico, 2008. p. 287-302.).
Collection:	330 pairs of otoliths (TL ranging from 65 to 128 mm).
Sample:	30 left otoliths divided into three 20 mm classes (60 to 100 mm).

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	2.38 ± 0.35	1.98	3.49
OH/OL (%)	69.96 ± 4.44	61.99	77.01
OT/OL (%)	20.23 ± 1.79	16.87	24.62
OT/OH (%)	29.01 ± 2.94	24.44	35.76
Circularity	17.66 ± 0.95	15.85	19.39
Rectangularity	0.69 ± 0.02	0.62	0.72

Maximum Size:	180 mm (TL) (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Distribution:	Western Atlantic from Panama to Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ).
Habitat:	Shallow waters and estuaries (FIGUEIREDO; MENEZES, 1978FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual dos peixes marinhos do Sudeste do Brasil. II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Museu de Zoologia da USP, 1978. 110 p.; ESCHEMEYER, 2014ESCHMEYER, W. N. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Available at: <http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp>. Accessed: 4 June 2014 http://research.calacademy.org/research/... ). Depth range of 5 - 36 m (FROESE; PAULY, 2014FROESE, R.; PAULY. D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version 2014. Available at: <http://www.fishbase.org> Accessed: 08/2014. http://www.fishbase.org... ).
Diet:	Shrimps, copepods and small fishes (CRIÁLES-HERNÁNDEZ, 2003CRIALES-HERNÁNDEZ, M. I. Composición de la dieta Pellona harroweri (Fowler) (Pisces: Pristigasteridae) en la Guajira, Caribe Colombiano. Santa Marta, Colombia. Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost., v. 32, n. 1, p. 279-282, 2003.; MUTO et al., 2008MUTO, E. Y.; MALFARA, D. T.; COELHO, L. I.; SOARES, L. S. H. Alimentação das sardinhas Pellona harroweri (Fowler, 1919) e Chirocentrodon bleekerianus (Poey, 1867), na região costeira de Santos, Estado de São Paulo. In: BRAGA, E.S. (Org.). Oceanografia e mudanças globais. São Paulo: Instituto Oceanográfico, 2008. p. 287-302.; SOARES et al., 2008SOARES, L. S. H.; MUTO, E.; GASPARRO, M. R.; ROSSI-WONGTSCHOWSKI, C. L. D. B. Organização trófica dos peixes. PIRES-VANIN, A. M. S. (Org.). Oceanografia de um ecossistema subtropical: plataforma de São Sebastião. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2008 p. 406-425.).
Collection:	756 pairs of otoliths (TL ranging from 65 to 160 mm).
Sample:	33 left otoliths divided into four 20 mm classes (80 to 140 mm).

Shape indices	Mean ± SD	Minimum	Maximum
OL/TL (%)	3.22 ± 0.27	2.74	3.74
OH/OL (%)	66.92 ± 2.93	61.96	77.17
OT/OL (%)	19.89 ± 1.59	17.06	24.76
OT/OH (%)	29.72 ± 2.08	25.97	34.22
Circularity	19.52 ± 1.09	17.84	21.99
Rectangularity	0.69 ± 0.01	0.66	0.72

[1] *Corresponding author: cwongski@usp.br

Brasil

Brasil

Atlas of marine bony fish otoliths (sagittae) of Southeastern-Southern Brazil Part III: Clupeiformes (Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Pristigasteridae)

RESUMO