Shallow reef fish communities of South Bahia coast, Brazil

Chaves, Laís de C. T.; Nunes, José de Anchieta C. C.; Sampaio, Cláudio L. S.

Abstracts

This study aims to describe for the first time the fish community structure of five shallow reefs located off the cities of Santa Cruz de Cabrália and Porto Seguro (Araripe-AR, Itacipanema-IT, Alagados-AL, Naufrágio-NA and Recife de Fora Marine Park-RF Reefs), South Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. Fish density and richness were assessed through stationary point counts of 2 m radius for small cryptic species and 3 m for more conspicuous species. A total of 1 802 fishes belonging to 23 families and 54 species were observed. The most abundant species were the pomacentrids Stegastes fuscus and Abudefduf saxatilis. No significant differences were found for species richness or density of conspicuous species, but density of small cryptic species was low on reefs with high bottom rugosity, where there were more holes and crevices available. Herbivores were dominant on AR, AL and RF, invertivores on AL and both groups were dominant on IT. Some habitat variables such as rugosity and benthic cover were strongly correlated to species and sites. High bottom heterogeneity was found among reefs but they still presented similar species composition, richness and density. Within small-scale studies, such similarities in composition and richness are to be expected for reef fish communities, as most of the species concerned have a wide distribution range.

Fish Community; Reef Ecology; Bahia Reefs

Este trabalho descreve pela primeira vez as comunidades de peixes em cinco recifes rasos de Santa Cruz de Cabrália e Porto Seguro (Araripe-AR, Itacipanema-IT, Alagados-AL, Naufrágio-NA e Recife de Fora Marine Park-RF), sul da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. A densidade e riqueza foram obtidas utilizando censos estacionários de 2 m de raio para espécies pequenas e criptobênticas e 3 m de raio para espécies conspícuas. Um total de 1802 peixes pertencentes a 23 famílias e 54 espécies foram registrados, sendo as espécies mais abundantes dos pomacentrídeos Stegastes fuscus e Abudefduf saxatilis. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada para a riqueza entre os recifes e também para a densidade de espécies vágeis. Entretanto, a densidade de espécies criptobênticas foi mais alta em lugares com maior rugosidade. Herbívoros foram dominantes nos recifes AR, AL e RF, invertívoros em AL e a dominância dos dois grupos ocorreram em IT. Algumas variáveis ambientais como rugosidade e cobertura bentônica estão fortemente relacionadas às espécies e diferentes recifes. Estes são fisicamente heterogêneos, mas a composição e riqueza de espécies similares, o que seria esperado em comunidades recifais abrangendo estudos em pequena-escala, pois peixes recifais estão amplamente distribuídos.

Comunidade de peixes; Ecologia de recifes; Recifes da Bahia

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Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
14 Feb 2011
Date of issue
2010

History

Accepted
06 Aug 2010
Reviewed
14 July 2010
Received
04 June 2009

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ARBUTO-OROPEZA, O.; BALART, E. F. Community structure of reef fish in several habitats of a rocky reef in the Gulf of California. Mar. Ecol., v. 22, n.4, p. 283-305, 2001.

[2] ASHWORTH, J.S.; ORMOND, R.F.G. Effects of fishing pressure and trophic group on abundance and spillover across boundaries of a no-take zone. Biol. Conserv., v. 121, p. 333–344, 2005.

[3] BARREIROS, J. P.; BERTONCINI, A.; Machado, L.; Hostim-Silva, M.; SANTOS, R. S. Diversity and seasonal changes in the ichthyofauna of rocky tidal pools from Praia Vermelha and São Roque, Santa Catarina. Braz. Arch. Biol. Tech., v. 47, n. 2, p. 291-299, 2004.

[4] BONSACK, J. A.; BANNEROT, S. P. A stationary visual technique for quantitatively assessing community structure of coral reef fishes. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, v. 41, p. 1–11, 1986.

[5] CARVALHO-FILHO, A. Peixes, Costa Brasileira. São Paulo: Melro, 3rd ed., 1999. 320 p.

[6] CASTRO, C. B.; PIRES, D. O. Brazilian coral reefs: what we already know and what is still missing. Bull. Mar. Sci.,v. 69, n. 2, p. 357-371, 2001.

[7] CHABANET, P.; RALAMBONDRAINY, H.; AMANIEU, M.; FAURE, G.; GALZIN, R. Relationships between coral reef substrata and fish. Coral Reefs, v. 16, p. 93-102, 1997.

[8] CHAVES, L. C. T.; Monteiro-Neto, C. Comparative analysis of rocky reef fish community structure in coastal islands of south-eastern Brazil. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K., v. 89, n. 3, p. 609-619, 2009.

[9] CHITTARO, P. M. Fish-habitat associations across multiple spatial scales. Coral Reefs, v. 23, p. 235-244, 2004.

[10] COSTA, P. A. S.; BRAGA, A. C.; ROCHA, L. O. F. Reef fisheries in Porto Seguro, eastern Brazilian coast. Fish. Res., v. 60, p. 577–583, 2003.

[11] CUNHA, F. E. A.; MONTEIRO-NETO, C.; NOTTINGHAM, M. C. Temporal and spatial variations in tidepool fish assemblages of the northeast coast of Brazil. Biota Neotropica, v. 7, n. 1, p. 111-118, 2007.

[12] DULVY, N. K.; FRECKLETON, R. P.; POLUNIN, N. V. C. Coral reef cascades and the indirect effects of predator removal by exploitation. Ecol. Lett., v. 7, p. 410–416, 2004.

[13] DUTRA, G, F.; ALLEN G, R.; WERNER T.; MCKENNA S. A. Eds. A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the Abrolhos Bank, Bahia, Brazil. RAP Bul. Biol Assem., 38. Washington, DC: Conservation International, 2005. 160 p.

[14] FEITOZA, B. M., ROCHA, L. A.; GASPARINI, J. L.; DIAS, T. L. First record of cleaning activity in the slippery dick, Halichoeres bivittatus (Perciformes: Labridae), off northeastern Brazil. J. Icht. Aqu. Biol., v. 5, n. 2, p. 73-76, 2002.

[15] FEITOZA, B. M. Platygillellus brasiliensis n. sp. (Perciformes: Dactyloscopidae), the third species of the genus from the Atlantic. J. Icht. Aqu. Biol., v. 6, n. 1, p. 21-28, 2002.

[16] FERREIRA, B.P.; MAIDA, M. Fishing and the Future of Brazil's Northeastern Reefs. InterCoast, v. 38, p. 22–23, 2001.

[17] FERREIRA, C. E. L.; GONÇALVES, J. E. A; COUTINHO, R.; PERET, A. C. Herbivory by the Dusky Damselfish, Stegastes fuscus (Cuvier, 1830). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 229, p. 241-264, 1998.

[18] FERREIRA, C. E. L.; GONÇALVES, J. E. A; COUTINHO, R. Fish community structure and habitat complexity in a tropical rocky shore. Environ. Biol. Fish., v. 61, p. 353-369, 2001.

[19] FERREIRA, C. E. L.; FLOETER, S. R.; GASPARINI, J. L.; JOYEUX, J. C.; FERREIRA, B. P. Trophic structure patterns of Brazilian reef fishes: a latitudinal comparison. J. Biogeogr., v. 31, p. 1093-1106, 2004.

[20] FLOETER, S. R.; GASPARINI, J. L. The southwestern Atlantic reef-fish fauna: composition and zoogeographic patterns. J. Fish Biol., v. 56, p. 1099–1114, 2000.

[21] FLOETER, S. R.; FERREIRA, C. E. L.; DOMINICI-AROSEMENA, A.; ZALMON, I. Latitudinal gradients in Atlantic reef fish communities: a functional approach. J. Fish Biol., v. 64, p. 1680–1699, 2004.

[22] FLOETER, S. R.; BEHRENS, M. D; FERREIRA, C. E. L.; PADDACK, M. J.; HORN, M. H. Geographical gradients of marine herbivorous fishes: patterns and processes. Mar. Biol., v. 147, p. 1435–1447, 2005.

[23] FLOETER, S. R.; HALPERN, B. S.; FERREIRA, C. E. L. Effects of fishing and protection on Brazilian reef fishes. Biol. Conserv., v. 128, p. 391–402, 2006.

[24] FLOETER, S. R.; KROHLING, W.; GASPARINI, J. L.; FERREIRA, C. E. L; ZALMON, I. Reef fish community structure on coastal islands of southeastern Brazil: the influence of exposure and benthic cover. Environ. Biol. Fish., v. 78, p. 147–160, 2007.

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[29] GASPARINI, J. L.; JOYEUX, J. C.; FLOETER, S. R. Sparisoma tuiupiranga, a new species of parrotfish (Perciformes: Labroidei: Scaridae) from Brazil, with comments on the evolution of the genus. Zootaxa, v. 384, p. 1–14, 2003.

[30] GASPARINI, J.L.; FLOETER, S.R.; FERREIRA, C.E.L.; SAZIMA, I. Marine ornamental trade in Brazil. Biodiv. Conserv., v. 14, p. 2883–2899, 2005.

[31] GUIMARÃES, R.Z.P.; GASPARINI, J. L.; ROCHA, L. A.; FERREIRA, C. E. L.; FLOETER, S. R., RANGEL, C. A.; NUNAN, G. W. Peixes Recifais Brasileiros: Uma Riqueza Desconhecida e Ameaçada. Ciência Hoje, v. 168, p. 16-23, 2001.

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[33] HUMANN, P; DELOACH, N. Reef Fish Identification. New World Publication. 3rd ed. 2002. 481 p.

[34] GODINHO, W. O.; LOTUFO, T. M. Local v. microhabitat influences on the fish fauna of tidal pools in northeast Brazil. J. Fish biol., v. 76, p. 487–501, 2010.

[35] JOYEUX, J. C.; FLOETER, S. R.; FERREIRA, C. E. L.; GASPARINI, J. L. Biogeography of tropical reef fish: the South Atlantic puzzle. J. Biogeogr., v. 28, p. 831–841, 2001.

[36] LEÃO, Z. M. A. N.; DOMINGUEZ, J. M. L. Tropical Coast of Brazil. Mar. Pollut. Bull., v. 41, n. 1-6, p. 112-122, 2000.

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