Dose-response relationship between toothpaste soluble fluoride absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and saliva fluoride secretion

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate if there is a dose-response relationship between toothpaste chemically soluble fluoride absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and fluoride secreted by saliva, giving support to the use of saliva as surrogate for plasma fluoride.

Methods

A 4-phase single blind study was conducted, in which 10 participants were subjected in each phase to one of the assigned treatment groups: group I: fresh sample of a Na₂FPO₃/CaCO₃-based toothpaste with 1,334 μg F/g of total soluble fluoride (TSF) and groups II–IV: aged samples of this toothpaste presenting TSF concentrations of 1,128, 808, and 687 μg F/g, respectively. In all phases, the participants ingested an amount of toothpaste equivalent to 70.0 μg F/Kg body weight, as total fluoride (TF). Saliva and blood samples were collected before (baseline) and up to 180 min after toothpaste ingestion as indicator of fluoride bioavailability. F concentration in saliva and blood plasma was determined with a fluoride ion-specific electrode. The areas under the curve (AUC) of F concentration versus time (AUC = ng F/mL × min) and the peaks of fluoride concentration (C_max) in saliva and plasma were calculated.

Results

A significant correlation between mg of TSF ingested and the AUC (r=0.47; p<0.01), and C_max (r=0.59; p<0.01) in saliva was found; for TF, the correlation was not significant (p>0.05). In addition, the correlations between plasma and saliva fluoride concentrations were statistically significant for AUC (r=0.55; p<0.01) as for C_max (r=0.68; p<0.01).

Conclusion

The findings support that saliva can be used as a systemic biomarker of bioavailable fluoride present in Na₂FPO₃/CaCO₃-based toothpaste.

Fluorides; Fluorosis, dental; Toothpastes; Pediatric dentistry; Saliva