Synopsis of the tribe Cocoseae Mart. (Arecoideae, Arecaceae) in the state of Maranhão, Brazil

This study presents a synopsis of the tribe Cocoseae (Arecaceae) for the Maranhão state, which was based on the descriptive analysis of voucher specimens of national and international herbaria, from loans, collection visits, digital platforms, and materials collected in expeditions. Twenty-five species belonging to seven genera were identified. The genus Bactris Jacq. ex Scop. was the most representative with seven species, followed by Attalea Kunth. (five spp.), Syagrus Mart. (five spp.), Astrocaryum G. Mey. (three spp.), Desmoncus Mart. (three spp.), Acrocomia Mart (one spp.), and Allagoptera Nees (one sp.). Four new records of occurrence were found for Maranhão: Allagoptera leucocalyx (Drude) Kuntze, Attalea barreirensis Glassman, Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. and Syagrus glazioviana (Dammer) Becc. This paper presents a taxonomic key for the species, as well as geographic distribution maps and photographic plates with the distinguishing characteristics for each taxon. Besides the taxonomic characteristics, common names, ecological data, and conservation status are included.

Keywords:
palms; Arecoideae; geographic distribution; taxonomy

Authorship

Gustavo Pereira Lima ^**Corresponding author: Gustavo Pereira Lima, e-mail: gustavo-plima@hotmail.com

Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, São Luís, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do MaranhãoBrasilSão Luís, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, São Luís, MA, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-488X

Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr.

Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Biologia, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, São Luís, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do MaranhãoBrasilSão Luís, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Biologia, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, São Luís, MA, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-4775

*Corresponding author: Gustavo Pereira Lima, e-mail: gustavo-plima@hotmail.com

Author Contributions

Gustavo Pereira Lima: substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to data collection; contribution to data analysis and interpretation; contribution to manuscript preparation, and contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr.: substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; contribution to manuscript preparation, and contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (11)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
a-d. Acrocomia aculeata; a. palm with stem covered with remnants leaf sheaths (G.P. Lima 621); b. peduncular bract externally covered with velutinous brownish indument (E.L. Perez et al. 2063); c. pistillate flowers (E.L. Perez et al. 2062); d. fruits (E.L. Perez et al. 1901). e-g. Allagoptera leucocalyx; e. presence of ramentas over the central vein on the abaxial surface of the middle pinnae (R.C. Martins et al. 1061); f. fruits (M.J. Balick et al. 3715); g. unbranched inflorescence with densely clustered flowers (M.M. Toledo & M.M. Cavallari 12).

Thumbnail

Figure 2
a. Distribution maps of Acrocomia aculeata, Allagoptera leucocalyx, Astrocaryum campestre, Astrocaryum gynacanthum, and Astrocaryum vulgare. b. Distribution maps of Attalea barreirensis, Attalea eichleri, and Attalea maripa. c. Distribution maps of Attalea phalerata and Attalea speciosa. d. Distribution maps of Bactris acanthocarpa var. exscapa, Bactris brongniartii, Bactris campestris, and Bactris hirta var. pectinata.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
a-c. Astrocaryum campestre; a. palm with acaulescent habit (A.W.C. Ferreira s.n.); b. inflorescence (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 9694); c. infructescence supported near ground level (A.W.C. Ferreira s.n.). d-g. Astrocaryum gynacanthum; d. inflorescence (M. Kuhlmann & S. Jimbo 70); e. infructescence (E.A. Santos & O.S. Pereira 66); f. pistillate flower covered with black spines (W.L. Balée & B.G. Ribeiro 1672); g. fruit with epicarp splits at maturity (M. Nee 34767). h-l. Astrocaryum vulgare; h. inflorescence (D.C. Daly et al. 277); i. rachilla (G.P. Lima 657); j. unarmed pistillate flowers (G.P. Lima 657); k. infructescence (G.P. Lima 501); l. fruits (G.P. Lima 656).

Thumbnail

Figure 4
a-e. Attalea barreirensis; a. androgynous inflorescence (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 3432); b. staminate flower with no exserted stamens (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 3432); c. straight anthers (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 3432); d. infructescence with fruits arranged around the rachis (A.N.F. Silva 648); e. fruit with one seed (M.M. Toledo & M.M. Cavallari 10); f-j. Attalea eichleri; f. side of the androgynous inflorescence with flowers (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 10494); g. side of the androgynous inflorescence devoid of flowers (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 10494); h. staminate flowers arranged only in one row on the rachillae of the staminate inflorescence (M.J. Balick et al. 1559); i. spirally twisted and coiled anthers (M.J. Balick et al. 1559); j. fruits (M.M. Toledo & M.M. Cavallari 02). k-n. Attalea maripa; k. palm with the leafs spirally arranged and organized in rows; l. staminate inflorescence (G.P. Lima 648); m. staminate flower with stamens longer than the petals (G.P. Lima 648); n. fruits (M.J. Balick et al. 1302).

Thumbnail

Figure 5
a-d. Attalea phalerata; a. palm in its natural environment (G.P. Lima et al. 680); b. stem covered with remnants leaf sheaths (G.P. Lima et al. 680); c. staminate flowers with brownish linear petals and yellowish straight anthers shorter than the petals (E.L. Perez et al. 2067); d. infructescence (G.P. Lima et al. 680). e-h. Attalea speciosa; e. palms in their the natural environment; f. middle pinnae distributed regularly and arranged in the same plane along the rachis (L.R. Noblick et al. 4967); g. staminate flower with spirally twisted and coiled anthers (M.J. Balick et al. 1528); h. infructescence.

Thumbnail

Figure 6
a-b. Bactris acanthocarpa var. exscapa; a. inflorescence with filiform rachillae (A.J. Henderson et al. 1159); b. armed fruits (A.J. Henderson et al. 1159). c-f. Bactris brongniartii; c. yellowish flattened spines (L.R. Noblick & I.G. Souza 4968); d. inflorescence with fruits (L.R. Noblick & I.G. Souza 4968); e. mature fruits (L.R. Noblick & I.G. Souza 4968); f. staminodial ring in the persistent perianth of the fruit (L.R. Noblick & I.G. Souza 4968). g-h. Bactris campestris; g. grayish-brown flattened spines (S.A. Mori & R. Cardoso 17287); h. orangish mature fruits and reddish-brown indument in the inflorescence. (S.A. Mori et al. 25319).

Thumbnail

Figure 7
a-c. Bactris hirta var. pectinata; a. palm in its natural environment (G.P. Lima et al. 672); b. inflorescence with mature fruits (G.P. Lima et al. 672); c. fruits (A.J. Henderson et al. 883); d-e. Bactris major var. infesta; d. clustered palm in its natural environment; e. inflorescence with fruits (G.P. Lima et al. 677). f-h. Bactris simplicifrons; f. leaf blade (A.J. Henderson et al. 1171); g. unarmed peduncular bract and inflorescence axis pending (A.O. Scariot 618); h. fruits (J.E.L.S. Ribeiro et al. 1242). i-k. Bactris tomentosa; i. pinna with filiform apex (A.J. Henderson et al. 1060); j. armed peduncular bract and unbranched inflorescence (W.L. Balée 3495); k. mature fruits (A.J. Henderson et al. 1501).

Thumbnail

Figure 8
a. Distribution maps of Bactris major var. infesta, Bactris simplicifrons, Bactris tomentosa, Desmoncus horridus subsp. horridus, Desmoncus parvulus, and Desmoncus polyacanthos. b. Distribution maps of Syagrus cocoides, Syagrus comosa, Syagrus glazioviana, Syagrus inajai, and Syagrus vermicularis.

Thumbnail

Figure 9
a-b. Desmoncus horridus subsp. horridus; a. spines of the pinnae and the rachis (L.R. Noblick et al. 4968); b. fruits (E.S. Leal et al. 140). c-f. Desmoncus polyacanthos; c. palm in its natural environment; d. the distal part of the cirrus without spines (R. Barros et al. 1059); e. spine of the rachis (R. Barros et al. 1059); f. mature fruits (A.M. Miranda 6736). g. Desmoncus parvulus - spines on the distal part of the cirrus (R.C. Ek et al. 835).

Thumbnail

Figure 10
a-b. Syagrus cocoides. a. palm in its natural environment (G.P. Lima 622); b. piriform fruits (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 5356). c-e. Syagrus comosa; c. palm with stem covered with remnants leaf sheaths; d. inflorescence with various rachillae; e. fruits (G. Pereira-Silva 3501).

Thumbnail

Figure 11
a-c. Syagrus glazioviana; a. palm with acaulescent habit (A.W.C. Ferreira s.n.); b. inflorescence supported near ground level (A.W.C. Ferreira s.n.); c. unbranched inflorescence ((M.F. Simon et al. 2824). d-e. Syagrus inajai; d. cross-veins on the abaxial surface of the pinnae (A.J. Henderson et al. 1157); e. fruits (L.R. Noblick 5014). f-g. Syagrus vermicularis; f. coiled and twisted rachillae, and with the apexes devoid of flowers (L.R. Noblick et al. 4971); g. fruits (L.R. Noblick et al. 4971).

Figure 1 a-d. Acrocomia aculeata; a. palm with stem covered with remnants leaf sheaths (G.P. Lima 621); b. peduncular bract externally covered with velutinous brownish indument (E.L. Perez et al. 2063); c. pistillate flowers (E.L. Perez et al. 2062); d. fruits (E.L. Perez et al. 1901). e-g. Allagoptera leucocalyx; e. presence of ramentas over the central vein on the abaxial surface of the middle pinnae (R.C. Martins et al. 1061); f. fruits (M.J. Balick et al. 3715); g. unbranched inflorescence with densely clustered flowers (M.M. Toledo & M.M. Cavallari 12).

Figure 2 a. Distribution maps of Acrocomia aculeata, Allagoptera leucocalyx, Astrocaryum campestre, Astrocaryum gynacanthum, and Astrocaryum vulgare. b. Distribution maps of Attalea barreirensis, Attalea eichleri, and Attalea maripa. c. Distribution maps of Attalea phalerata and Attalea speciosa. d. Distribution maps of Bactris acanthocarpa var. exscapa, Bactris brongniartii, Bactris campestris, and Bactris hirta var. pectinata.

Source: prepared by the authors.

Figure 3 a-c. Astrocaryum campestre; a. palm with acaulescent habit (A.W.C. Ferreira s.n.); b. inflorescence (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 9694); c. infructescence supported near ground level (A.W.C. Ferreira s.n.). d-g. Astrocaryum gynacanthum; d. inflorescence (M. Kuhlmann & S. Jimbo 70); e. infructescence (E.A. Santos & O.S. Pereira 66); f. pistillate flower covered with black spines (W.L. Balée & B.G. Ribeiro 1672); g. fruit with epicarp splits at maturity (M. Nee 34767). h-l. Astrocaryum vulgare; h. inflorescence (D.C. Daly et al. 277); i. rachilla (G.P. Lima 657); j. unarmed pistillate flowers (G.P. Lima 657); k. infructescence (G.P. Lima 501); l. fruits (G.P. Lima 656).

Figure 4 a-e. Attalea barreirensis; a. androgynous inflorescence (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 3432); b. staminate flower with no exserted stamens (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 3432); c. straight anthers (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 3432); d. infructescence with fruits arranged around the rachis (A.N.F. Silva 648); e. fruit with one seed (M.M. Toledo & M.M. Cavallari 10); f-j. Attalea eichleri; f. side of the androgynous inflorescence with flowers (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 10494); g. side of the androgynous inflorescence devoid of flowers (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 10494); h. staminate flowers arranged only in one row on the rachillae of the staminate inflorescence (M.J. Balick et al. 1559); i. spirally twisted and coiled anthers (M.J. Balick et al. 1559); j. fruits (M.M. Toledo & M.M. Cavallari 02). k-n. Attalea maripa; k. palm with the leafs spirally arranged and organized in rows; l. staminate inflorescence (G.P. Lima 648); m. staminate flower with stamens longer than the petals (G.P. Lima 648); n. fruits (M.J. Balick et al. 1302).

Figure 5 a-d. Attalea phalerata; a. palm in its natural environment (G.P. Lima et al. 680); b. stem covered with remnants leaf sheaths (G.P. Lima et al. 680); c. staminate flowers with brownish linear petals and yellowish straight anthers shorter than the petals (E.L. Perez et al. 2067); d. infructescence (G.P. Lima et al. 680). e-h. Attalea speciosa; e. palms in their the natural environment; f. middle pinnae distributed regularly and arranged in the same plane along the rachis (L.R. Noblick et al. 4967); g. staminate flower with spirally twisted and coiled anthers (M.J. Balick et al. 1528); h. infructescence.

Figure 6 a-b. Bactris acanthocarpa var. exscapa; a. inflorescence with filiform rachillae (A.J. Henderson et al. 1159); b. armed fruits (A.J. Henderson et al. 1159). c-f. Bactris brongniartii; c. yellowish flattened spines (L.R. Noblick & I.G. Souza 4968); d. inflorescence with fruits (L.R. Noblick & I.G. Souza 4968); e. mature fruits (L.R. Noblick & I.G. Souza 4968); f. staminodial ring in the persistent perianth of the fruit (L.R. Noblick & I.G. Souza 4968). g-h. Bactris campestris; g. grayish-brown flattened spines (S.A. Mori & R. Cardoso 17287); h. orangish mature fruits and reddish-brown indument in the inflorescence. (S.A. Mori et al. 25319).

Figure 7 a-c. Bactris hirta var. pectinata; a. palm in its natural environment (G.P. Lima et al. 672); b. inflorescence with mature fruits (G.P. Lima et al. 672); c. fruits (A.J. Henderson et al. 883); d-e. Bactris major var. infesta; d. clustered palm in its natural environment; e. inflorescence with fruits (G.P. Lima et al. 677). f-h. Bactris simplicifrons; f. leaf blade (A.J. Henderson et al. 1171); g. unarmed peduncular bract and inflorescence axis pending (A.O. Scariot 618); h. fruits (J.E.L.S. Ribeiro et al. 1242). i-k. Bactris tomentosa; i. pinna with filiform apex (A.J. Henderson et al. 1060); j. armed peduncular bract and unbranched inflorescence (W.L. Balée 3495); k. mature fruits (A.J. Henderson et al. 1501).

Figure 8 a. Distribution maps of Bactris major var. infesta, Bactris simplicifrons, Bactris tomentosa, Desmoncus horridus subsp. horridus, Desmoncus parvulus, and Desmoncus polyacanthos. b. Distribution maps of Syagrus cocoides, Syagrus comosa, Syagrus glazioviana, Syagrus inajai, and Syagrus vermicularis.

Source: prepared by the authors.

Figure 9 a-b. Desmoncus horridus subsp. horridus; a. spines of the pinnae and the rachis (L.R. Noblick et al. 4968); b. fruits (E.S. Leal et al. 140). c-f. Desmoncus polyacanthos; c. palm in its natural environment; d. the distal part of the cirrus without spines (R. Barros et al. 1059); e. spine of the rachis (R. Barros et al. 1059); f. mature fruits (A.M. Miranda 6736). g. Desmoncus parvulus - spines on the distal part of the cirrus (R.C. Ek et al. 835).

Figure 10 a-b. Syagrus cocoides. a. palm in its natural environment (G.P. Lima 622); b. piriform fruits (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 5356). c-e. Syagrus comosa; c. palm with stem covered with remnants leaf sheaths; d. inflorescence with various rachillae; e. fruits (G. Pereira-Silva 3501).

Figure 11 a-c. Syagrus glazioviana; a. palm with acaulescent habit (A.W.C. Ferreira s.n.); b. inflorescence supported near ground level (A.W.C. Ferreira s.n.); c. unbranched inflorescence ((M.F. Simon et al. 2824). d-e. Syagrus inajai; d. cross-veins on the abaxial surface of the pinnae (A.J. Henderson et al. 1157); e. fruits (L.R. Noblick 5014). f-g. Syagrus vermicularis; f. coiled and twisted rachillae, and with the apexes devoid of flowers (L.R. Noblick et al. 4971); g. fruits (L.R. Noblick et al. 4971).

How to cite

copy

Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA - FAPESP Departamento de Biologia Vegetal - Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP CP 6109, 13083-970 - Campinas/SP, Tel.: (+55 19) 3521-6166, Fax: (+55 19) 3521-6168 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: contato@biotaneotropica.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Versão para download de PDF

PDF

Inglês

Versões e tradução automática

Versão original do texto

English

Tradução automática

Google Translator
Microsoft Translator

Como citar

RIS

BIBTEX

Outros formatos de citação e exportação:

SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
Rua Dr. Diogo de Faria, 1087 – 9º andar – Vila Clementino 04037-003 São Paulo/SP - Brasil
E-mail: scielo@scielo.org

Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

Métricas

Synopsis of the tribe Cocoseae Mart. (Arecoideae, Arecaceae) in the state of Maranhão, Brazil

PlumX

Mensagem

[1] *Corresponding author: Gustavo Pereira Lima, e-mail: gustavo-plima@hotmail.com